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Joseph Kavaruganda
Joseph Kavaruganda (8 May 1935 – 7 April 1994) was a Rwandan jurist who served as president of Rwanda's Constitutional Court. He was killed at the beginning of the Rwandan genocide. Early life Joseph Kavaruganda was born on 8 May 1935 in Tare, Rwanda, Tare, Ruanda-Urundi. He attended primary school in Tare, and then attended the Kigali Junior Seminary before studying law in Belgium, earning his Doctor of Philosophy in 1966. He returned to Rwanda in 1967 and took up work as a president of Groupe Caisse d'Épargne, Caisse d'Épargne, a credit and savings institution. Legal career In 1974, Kavaruganda was appointed Prosecutor General of Rwanda. As President of the Constitutional Court, Kavaruganda came into conflict with President Juvénal Habyarimana over legal matters. In 1991, he ruled against Habyarimana in a case involving the denial of certain political privileges to opposition parties which the president had allowed to his own party, the Mouvement Révolutionaire Natio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Supreme Court Of Rwanda
The Supreme Court of Rwanda is the highest court of Rwanda, as defined by Article 143 of the 2003 Constitution of Rwanda The Constitution of Rwanda was adopted by Rwandan constitutional referendum, 2003, referendum on May 26, 2003. It replaced the Constitution of 1991. The Constitution provides for a presidential system of government, with separation of powers be .... Article 144 of the Constitution determines that the Supreme Court is the highest jurisdiction in the country. Article 145 empowers the Supreme Court to coordinate and oversee the activities of the lower courts and tribunals, while ensuring judicial independence. Aloysie Cyanzayire was the first female president of the Supreme Court of Rwanda; she served an eight-year term from 2004 until 2012.House, Freedom (2008-09-05). Freedom in the World 2008: The Annual Survey of Political Rights and Civil Liberties. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 9780742565982. p.592.Kamatali, Jean-Marie. (2016). “Rwanda: Balancin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Nations Assistance Mission For Rwanda
The United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda (UNAMIR) was established by United Nations Security Council Resolution 872 on 5 October 1993. It was intended to assist in the implementation of the Arusha Accords (Rwanda), Arusha Accords, signed on 4 August 1993, which was meant to end the Rwandan Civil War. The mission lasted from October 1993 to March 1996. Its activities were meant to aid the peace process between the Hutu-dominated Rwanda, Rwandese government and the Tutsi-dominated rebel Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF). The UNAMIR has received much attention for its role in failing, due to the limitations of its rules of engagement, to prevent the Rwandan genocide and outbreak of fighting. Its mandate extended past the RPF overthrow of the government and into the Great Lakes refugee crisis. The mission is thus regarded as a major failure. Background In October 1990 the Rwandan Civil War began when the Rwandan Patriotic Front rebel group invaded across Uganda's southern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rwandan Judges
Rwandan or Rwandese may refer to: * Related to, from, or connected to Rwanda, a country in Africa * Banyarwanda, inhabitants of the country Rwanda and those of Rwandan ethnicity. * Kinyarwanda, the language of the Banyarwanda, sometimes known as the Rwandan language. See also * Rwandan cuisine * Rwandan music * Rwandan genocide The Rwandan genocide, also known as the genocide against the Tutsi, occurred from 7 April to 19 July 1994 during the Rwandan Civil War. Over a span of around 100 days, members of the Tutsi ethnic group, as well as some moderate Hutu and Gre ... {{disambig Language and nationality disambiguation pages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hutu People
The Hutu (), also known as the Abahutu, are a Bantu peoples, Bantu ethnic group native to the African Great Lakes region. They mainly live in Rwanda, Burundi, and Uganda where they form one of the principal ethnic groups alongside the Tutsi and the Great Lakes Twa. Demographics The Hutu is the largest of the three main population divisions in Burundi and Rwanda. Prior to 2017, the CIA World Factbook stated that 84% of Rwandans and 85% of Burundians are Hutu, with Tutsi people, Tutsis being the second largest ethnic group at 15% and 14% of residents of Rwanda and Burundi, respectively. However, these figures were omitted in 2017 and no new figures have been published since then. The Great Lakes Twa, Twa pygmy, pygmies, the smallest of the two countries' principal populations, share language and culture with the Hutu and Tutsi. They are distinguished by a considerably shorter stature. Etymology The idea that Hutu is etymologically derived from a word that signifies s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1994 Deaths
This is a list of lists of deaths of notable people, organized by year. New deaths articles are added to their respective month (e.g., Deaths in ) and then linked below. 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1988 1987 1986 Earlier years ''Deaths in years earlier than this can usually be found in the main articles of the years.'' See also * Lists of deaths by day * Deaths by year (category) {{DEFAULTSORT:deaths by year ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1935 Births
Events January * January 7 – Italian premier Benito Mussolini and French Foreign Minister Pierre Laval conclude Franco-Italian Agreement of 1935, an agreement, in which each power agrees not to oppose the other's Colonial empire, colonial claims. * January 12 – Amelia Earhart becomes the first person to successfully complete a solo flight from Hawaii to California, a distance of . * January 13 – A plebiscite in the Saar (League of Nations), Territory of the Saar Basin shows that 90.3% of those voting wish to join Germany. * January 24 – The first canned beer is sold in Richmond, Virginia, United States, by Gottfried Krueger Brewing Company. February * February 6 – Parker Brothers begins selling the board game Monopoly (game), Monopoly in the United States. * February 13 – Richard Hauptmann is convicted and sentenced to death for the kidnapping and murder of Charles Lindbergh Jr. in the United States. * February 15 – The discovery and clinical developme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Casimir Bizimungu
Casimir Bizimungu (born 1951) is a Rwandan politician. Biography A former medical doctor, Bizimungu holds a Ph.D. and an M.D. from American universities. He held several portfolios in the MRND government of Juvénal Habyarimana until July 1994. From 1989 to 1992 he was Minister of Foreign Affairs, and from 9 April to 14 July 1994, during the Rwandan genocide, he was Minister of Health in the interim government. The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) issued an indictment against him and three other ministers, accusing them of conspiracy in genocide, direct and public incitement to genocide, and crimes against humanity. Bizimungu was arrested on 11 February 1999 at his home in Hurlingham, near Nairobi, Kenya. On 23 February 1999 he was transferred to the custody of the ICTR. His trial by the ICTR in Arusha, Tanzania began on 6 November 2003. Bizimungu was tried along with several other former government ministers: Jerome Bicamumpaka (foreign minister), Justin M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Lion, The Fox, And The Eagle
''The Lion, the Fox & the Eagle: A Story of Generals and Justice in Rwanda and Yugoslavia'' is a non-fiction book by Canadian journalist Carol Off. The hardcover edition was published in November 2000 by Random House Canada. The writing was favourably received and the book was short-listed for the Shaughnessy Cohen Award for Political Writing. With numerous interviews and extensive research behind it, the book presents biographies of three Canadians in United Nations roles in the 1990s: Roméo Dallaire (the "lion"), Lewis MacKenzie (the "fox"), and Louise Arbour (the "eagle"). The book praises Dallaire's commitment to his peacekeeping mission, but is critical of MacKenzie, who is depicted as being ignorant of the Bosnian political situation. In response to Off's portrayal of him, MacKenzie said he would consider suing for libel, but never did. The book praises Arbour's efforts at building the legitimacy of International Criminal Tribunals and her efforts in indicting alleged wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frédéric Nzamurambaho
Frédéric and Frédérick are the French versions of the common male given name Frederick. They may refer to: In artistry: * Frédéric Back, Canadian award-winning animator * Frédéric Bartholdi, French sculptor * Frédéric Bazille, Impressionist painter best known for his depiction of figures * Frédéric Mariotti, actor In politics: * Frédéric Bamvuginyumvira, 1st Vice-President of Burundi * Frédéric Ngenzebuhoro, Vice-President of Burundi from 11 November 2004 to 26 August 2005 * Frédéric Bastiat, political economist and member of the French assembly * Frédéric Dutoit (born 1956), French politician * Frédéric Mathieu (born 1977), French politician In literature: * Frédéric Beigbeder, French writer, commentator critic and pundit * Frédéric Berat, French poet and songwriter * Frédéric Mistral, French poet In science: * Frédéric Cailliaud, French mineralogist * Frédéric Joliot-Curie, French physicist and Nobel laureate In sport: * Frédéric ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kigali Airport
Kigali International Airport , formerly known as Kanombe International Airport, is the primary international airport serving Kigali, the capital of Rwanda. As of June 2024, there is an ongoing project to build another mega-airport in Bugesera District, Eastern Province, which will be the biggest and the main air gateway for all destinations in the country, in addition to serving as a transit airport for Goma and Bukavu in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. There are 4 airlines based at Kigali Airport: RwandAir, the flag carrier airline of Rwanda; Akagera Aviation, a Rwandan helicopter airline; Tempus Jet, an American airline providing charter flights; and Nexus Aero, a Saudi VIP airline. Location The airport is located in the suburb of ''Kanombe Sector'', at the eastern edge of Kigali, approximately , by road, east of the central business district of the city of Kigali. History During the Rwandan Civil War, Kigali airport was a major strategic point. Since ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Assassination Of Juvénal Habyarimana And Cyprien Ntaryamira
On the evening of 6 April 1994, the aircraft carrying Rwandan president Juvénal Habyarimana and Burundian president Cyprien Ntaryamira, both Hutu, was shot down with surface-to-air missiles as their jet prepared to land in Kigali, Rwanda; both were killed. The assassination set in motion the Rwandan genocide, one of the bloodiest events of the late 20th century. Responsibility for the attack is disputed. Most theories propose as suspects either the Tutsi rebel Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) or government-aligned Hutu Power followers opposed to negotiation with the RPF. Background In 1990, the Rwandan Civil War began when the Rwandan Patriotic Front, dominated by the Tutsi ethnic group, invaded northern Rwanda from Uganda. Most of the RPF fighters were either refugees or the sons of refugees who had fled ethnic purges by the Hutu government during the Rwandan revolution. The attempt to overthrow the government failed, though the RPF was able to maintain control of a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lando Ndasingwa
Landoald 'Lando' Ndasingwa (died 7 April 1994) was a Rwandan politician and businessman. He was killed on the first day of the Rwandan genocide. Life Ndasingwa founded the hotel Chez Lando in the 1980s with his Canadian wife Hélène. Following Ndasingwa's death, the hotel was taken over by his sister Anne-Marie Kantengwa. Educated at the Collège Saint-André of Kigali, the Université Nationale du Rwanda at Butare, Université Laval at Quebec City, McGill University, and Université de Montréal, Ndasingwa was a former professor at the Université Nationale du Rwanda and ethnic Tutsi. As a politician, he was the leader and vice president of the moderate Liberal Party and was granted the portfolio of Minister of Labour and Social Affairs in the Habyarimana transitional government put in place after the Arusha Accords. He was the only Tutsi member of the transitional government. On February 17, 1994, UNAMIR commander Roméo Dallaire received information of a plot to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
