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Joseph Baumhauer
Joseph Baumhauer (died 22 March 1772) was a prominent Parisian '' ébéniste'', one of several of German extraction. Having worked for some years as a journeyman for the German-born ''ébéniste'' François Reizell, he was appointed ''ébéniste privilegié du Roi'' in 1767, enabling him to skirt certain requirements of the Paris guild under royal privilege as well as a stiff entrance fee. He used the stamp ♣JOSEPH♣, the name by which he was commonly known to his contemporaries, between fleurs-de-lis emblematic of his royal appointment. Such stamps, like the long-mysterious B.V.R.B., served to mask the identity of cabinetmakers to the clientele of '' marchands-merciers'', such as Lazare Duvaux, who owed the "ébéniste Joseph" 1726 ''livres'' at the time of his death. Furniture stamped by Baumhauer that is mounted with Sèvres porcelain plaques must have been commissioned and sold by Simon-Philippe Poirier, who maintained a monopoly of the production, having originally devise ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paris
Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. Since the 17th century, Paris has been one of the world's major centres of finance, diplomacy, commerce, fashion, gastronomy, and science. For its leading role in the arts and sciences, as well as its very early system of street lighting, in the 19th century it became known as "the City of Light". Like London, prior to the Second World War, it was also sometimes called the capital of the world. The City of Paris is the centre of the Île-de-France region, or Paris Region, with an estimated population of 12,262,544 in 2019, or about 19% of the population of France, making the region France's primate city. The Paris Region had a GDP of €739 billion ($743 billion) in 2019, which is the highest in Europe. According to the Economis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ébéniste
''Ébéniste'' () is a loanword (from French) for a cabinet-maker, particularly one who works in ebony. Etymology and ambiguities As opposed to ''ébéniste'', the term ''menuisier'' denotes a woodcarver or chairmaker in French. The English equivalent for ''ébéniste'', "ebonist", is not commonly used. Originally, an ''ébéniste'' was one who worked with ebony, a favoured luxury wood for mid-17th century Parisian cabinets, originating in imitation of elite furniture being made in Antwerp. The word is 17th-century in origin. Early Parisian ''ébénistes'' often came from the Low Countries themselves; an outstanding example is Pierre Golle, who worked at the '' Gobelins manufactory'' making cabinets and table tops veneered with marquetry, the traditional enrichment of ''ébénisterie'', or "cabinet-work". History ''Ébénistes'' make case furniture, either veneered or painted. Under Parisian guild regulations the application of painted varnishes, generically called ''vernis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guillaume Beneman
Guillaume Beneman or Benneman (1750 – after 1811) was a prominent Parisian ''ébéniste'', one of several of German extraction, working in the early neoclassical Louis XVI style, which was already fully developed when he arrived in Paris. Beneman arrived in Paris already trained; he was settled in the rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine when he was received master in 1785 by royal command. He rapidly became the last of the royal cabinet-makers before the French Revolution, working under the direction (and on occasion to the designs) of the sculptor-entrepreneur Jean Hauré, ''fournisseur de la cour'' ("supplier to the Court"). In the service of the '' Garde-Meuble de la Couronne'', he delivered works of irreproachable refinement to the royal residences into the first years of the Revolution. A mark of his humble condition and dependence upon the patronage of the ''Garde-Meuble'' is the payment to him in 1788 of 1527 ''livres'', to enable him to purchase workshop tools for sixteen crafts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fleurs-de-lis
The fleur-de-lis, also spelled fleur-de-lys (plural ''fleurs-de-lis'' or ''fleurs-de-lys''), is a lily (in French, and mean 'flower' and 'lily' respectively) that is used as a decorative design or symbol. The fleur-de-lis has been used in the heraldry of numerous European nations, but is particularly associated with France, notably during its monarchical period. The fleur-de-lis became "at one and the same time, religious, political, dynastic, artistic, emblematic, and symbolic," especially in French heraldry. The fleur-de-lis has been used by French royalty and throughout history to represent saints of France. In particular, the Virgin Mary and Saint Joseph are often depicted with a lily. The fleur-de-lis is represented in Unicode at in the Miscellaneous Symbols block. Origin The ''fleur de lis'' is widely thought to be a stylized version of the species ''Iris pseudacorus'', or ''Iris florentina''.Stefan Buczacki However, the lily (genus lilium, family Liliaceae) and the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bernard II Van Risamburgh
Bernard II van Risamburgh, sometimes Risen Burgh (working by c 1730 — before February 1767) was a Parisian '' ébéniste'' of Dutch and French extraction, one of the outstanding cabinetmakers working in the Rococo style. "Bernard II's furniture is brilliant in almost every respect. His carcasses are beautifully shaped, his mounts and marquetry are always in complete balance even when extremely elaborate, and there is a logic to his works that allows the eye to comprehend them effortlessly," wrote Ted Dell. His father, Bernard I van Risamburgh (died 1738), born in Groningen, was already working in Paris in 1696, when he was living in the heart of the furniture-making district, the Faubourg Saint-Antoine, and was marrying a Frenchwoman. Bernard II's initials BVRB stamped into the carcasses of his furniture, as was the requirement under the regulations of the Paris guild, long masked his actual identity, though the quality of work bearing the stamp ''Burb'' showed that the unid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marchand-mercier
A ''marchand-mercier'' is a French term for a type of entrepreneur working outside the guild system of craftsmen but carefully constrained by the regulations of a ''corporation'' under rules codified in 1613. The reduplicative term literally means a merchant of merchandise, but in the 18th century took the connotation of a merchant of ''objets d'art''. Earliest references to this ''Corps de la Ville de Paris'' can be found at the close of the 16th century, but in the 18th century marchands-merciers were shopkeepers but they also played an important role in the decoration of Paris homes. In fact, they served as general contractors, designing and commissioning pieces of the most fashionable furniture, and often, in addition, worked outside of their shops as interior decorators, responsible for many aspects of a room's decor. In Paris, the guild system, in place since the late Middle Ages, prohibited craftsmen from working with any material with which they had not undergone a formal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lazare Duvaux
Lazare Duvaux (''c''.1703 – 24 November 1758) was a Parisian '' marchand-mercier'', among the most prominent designers and purveyors of furnishings, gilt-bronze-mounted European and Chinese porcelains, Vincennes porcelain and later Sèvres porcelain and all the small, refined luxuries that appealed to Mme de Pompadour Jeanne Antoinette Poisson, Marquise de Pompadour (, ; 29 December 1721 – 15 April 1764), commonly known as Madame de Pompadour, was a member of the French court. She was the official chief mistress of King Louis XV from 1745 to 1751, and re ..., one of his most prominent clients, who entrusted the furnishing of her many châteaux to Duvaux. Lazare Duvaux was retrieved from posthumous obscurity when his daybook covering the decade 1748-1758 was published in 1873; it remains a central document of the decorative arts of the mid-18th century. Established in trade by 1740, he was already a ''marchand suivant le Cour'' by 1747, when he figured, as "sieur Devos, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sèvres Porcelain
Sèvres (, ) is a commune in the southwestern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the centre of Paris, in the Hauts-de-Seine department, Île-de-France region. The commune, which had a population of 23,251 as of 2018, is known for its famous porcelain production at the '' Manufacture nationale de Sèvres'', which was also where the Treaty of Sèvres (1920) was signed. Geography Situation Sèvres is a commune in the western suburbs of Paris, to the southwest of the centre of Paris, with an eastern edge by the river Seine. The commune borders Île Seguin, an island in the Seine, in the commune of Boulogne-Billancourt, adjoining Sèvres. File:Map commune FR insee code 92072.png, Map of the commune File:Sèvres map.svg, View of the commune of Sèvres in red on the map of Paris and the "Petite Couronne" File:SEVRES - L'Embarcadaire.jpg, Banks of the Seine in the early 20th century. At that time, the river was an important transportation axis; river shuttles can be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japanese Lacquer
is a Japanese craft with a wide range of fine and decorative arts, as lacquer has been used in '' urushi-e'', prints, and on a wide variety of objects from Buddha statues to ''bento'' boxes for food. The characteristic of Japanese lacquerware is the diversity of lacquerware using a decoration technique called in which metal powder is sprinkled to attach to lacquer. The invention of various techniques in Japanese history expanded artistic expression, and various tools and works of art such as are highly decorative.Masayuki Murata. ''明治工芸入門'' p.24. Me no Me, 2017 A number of terms are used in Japanese to refer to lacquerware. ''Shikki'' (漆器) means "lacquer ware" in the most literal sense, while ''nurimono'' (塗物) means "coated things", and ''urushi-nuri'' (漆塗) means "lacquer coating." The terms related to lacquer or lacquerware such as "Japanning", "Urushiol" and "''maque''" which means lacquer in Mexican Spanish, are derived from Japanese lacqu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thomas-Joachim Hébert
Thomas-Joachim Hébert (1687–1773) was a leading Parisian ''marchand-mercier'' supplying the court (''suivant le Cour'') of Louis XV of France. In the 1720s, Hébert commissioned furniture from the workshops of André-Charles Boulle. Among the ''ébénistes'' working to his commissions in later days was Bernard II van Risamburgh; about 1750, he supplied furniture by Bernard to the minister Jean-Baptiste de Machault d'Arnouville, some of which can be traced in modern collections.See sale catalogueChristie's New York, 2 November 2000, lot 231, a pair of lacquer ''encoignures''/ref> See also *Lazare Duvaux Lazare Duvaux (''c''.1703 – 24 November 1758) was a Parisian '' marchand-mercier'', among the most prominent designers and purveyors of furnishings, gilt-bronze-mounted European and Chinese porcelains, Vincennes porcelain and later Sèvres porce ... Notes French furniture designers 1687 births 1773 deaths {{France-artist-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Martin Carlin
Martin Carlin (c. 1730–1785) was a Parisian ''ébéniste'' (cabinet-maker), born at Freiburg, who was received as Master ''Ébéniste'' at Paris on 30 July 1766. Renowned for his "graceful furniture mounted with Manufacture nationale de Sèvres, Sèvres porcelain", Carlin fed into the luxury market of eighteenth-century decorative arts, where porcelain-fitted furniture was considered among "the most exquisite furnishings" within the transitional and neoclassical styles. Carlin's furniture was popular amongst the main great dealers, including Poirier, Daguerre, and Darnault, who sold his furniture to Marie Antoinette and many amongst the social elite class. He died on 6 March 1785. Work life Carlin worked at first in the shop of Jean-François Oeben, whose sister he married. The marriage contract reveals that "Carlin was still a day-worker living on the quai des Célestins". Yet soon after Oeben's death, Carlin started to sell furniture to the marchands-merciers when setting up i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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