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John Reed Clubs
The John Reed Clubs (1929–1935), often referred to as John Reed Club (JRC), were an American federation of local organizations targeted towards Marxist writers, artists, and intellectuals, named after the American journalist and activist John Reed. Established in the fall of 1929, the John Reed Clubs were a mass organization of the Communist Party USA which sought to expand its influence among radical and liberal intellectuals. The organization was terminated in 1935. History 1929 In October 1929, the John Reed Club was founded by eight staff members of the ''New Masses'' magazine to support leftist and Marxist artists and writers. They included: Mike Gold, Walt Carmon, William Gropper, Keene Wallis, Hugo Gellert, Morris Pass, and Joseph Pass. According to Alan M. Wald, The John Reed Clubs were not founded by the Communist Party. ''New Masses'' managing editor Walt Carmon became frustrated with a group of young writers who were hanging out in the office and getting in his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Reed (journalist)
John Silas Reed (October 22, 1887 – October 17, 1920) was an American journalist, poet, and communist activist. Reed first gained prominence as a war correspondent during the Mexican Revolution for '' Metropolitan'' and World War I for '' The Masses''. He is best known for his coverage of the October Revolution in Petrograd, Russia, which he wrote about in his 1919 book '' Ten Days That Shook the World''. Reed supported the Soviet takeover of Russia, even briefly taking up arms to join the Red Guards in 1918. He hoped for a similar communist revolution in the United States, and co-founded the short-lived Communist Labor Party of America in 1919. He died in Moscow of spotted typhus in 1920. At the time of his death, he may have soured on the Soviet leadership, but he was given a hero's burial by the Soviet Union and is one of only three Americans buried at the Kremlin Wall Necropolis. Early life and education Reed was born on October 22, 1887, in his maternal grandparent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Masses
''New Masses'' (1926–1948) was an American Marxist magazine closely associated with the Communist Party USA (CPUSA). It was the successor to both '' The Masses'' (1911–1917) and ''The Liberator'' (1918–1924). ''New Masses'' was later merged into '' Masses & Mainstream'' (1948–1963). With the widespread economic hardships brought on by the Great Depression of 1929, many Americans were more receptive to socialist and leftist ideas. As a result, ''New Masses'' grew in circulation and became highly influential in literary, artistic, and intellectual circles. The magazine has been called "the principal organ of the American cultural left from 1926 onwards." History Early years ''New Masses'' was launched in New York City in 1926 as part of the Workers (Communist) Party of America's stable of publications, produced by a communist leadership but making use of the work of an array of independent writers and artists.Paul Buhle, ''Marxism in the USA: From 1870 to the Present D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sarah Norcliffe Cleghorn
Sarah Norcliffe Cleghorn (February 4, 1876 – April 4, 1959) was an educator, author, social reformer and poet whose work was associated with the American Naturalist literary movement. Early years Born in Norfolk, Virginia, Cleghorn spent her early childhood in Wisconsin and Minnesota, then moved to Manchester, Vermont after the death of her mother to live with her father's sisters. Although she regularly traveled and was tenured both with the Brookwood Labor College and the Manumit School, Cleghorn is largely associated with Manchester, which was her primary home. She graduated from Burr and Burton Seminary in Manchester, Vermont in 1895 then spent a year at Radcliffe College. During her early years in southern Vermont, Cleghorn came to know Dorothy Canfield Fisher, who also became a noted writer and educator. The two women maintained a close relationship throughout their lifetimes and collaborated on several books. Writer and social reformer Cleghorn's poetry is largely di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nicolai Cikovsky
Nicolai Stepanovich Cikovsky (December 10, 1894 – May 6, 1985) was an American painter. His work is held at the Whitney, MoMA, the Brooklyn Museum and the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. He also had three New Deal-era Treasury Section of Fine Arts commissions for public buildings: two murals at Maryland post offices and a set of the murals at the Interior Building in Washington, D.C. Born "near the Polish border," Cikovsky emigrated from Pinsk to the United States in 1923. He published a number of pieces in proletarian (Communist) journals like ''New Masses'' and ''International'' ''Literature'' in the 1930s. He was a member of the John Reed Club and showed landscapes at the Whitney. Cikovsky was a resident at Yaddo in 1931. Cikovsky was one of the Soviet émigré painters who formed the Hampton Bays Art Group.Jacobson, Aileen. "ON THE ISLE Painting a Story of Friendships." Newsday, Feb 24, 2008. Other members of the group were David Burliuk, Arshile Gorky, Moses Soye ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David Burliuk
David Davidovich Burliuk (; 21 July 1882 – 15 January 1967) was a Russian poet, artist and publicist of Ukrainian origin associated with the Futurism (art), Futurist and Neo-Primitivist movements. Burliuk has been described as "the father of Russian Futurism." Biography Early life David Burliuk was born on 21 July 1882 in the village of in the Kharkov Governorate of the Russian Empire. Burliuk's family was artistically inclined; two of his brothers were talented artists as well, Nikolai Burliuk, Nikolai and Vladimir Burliuk. The Burliuk family partly descended from Ukrainian Cossacks on their father's side, who held premier positions in the Cossack Hetmanate, Hetmanate. His mother, Ludmyla Mikhnevich, was of ethnic Belarusian descent.Pg. 77, ''Nabokov and his fiction: new perspectives'' by Julian W. Connolly Education, career From 1898 to 1904, he studied at Kazan and Grekov Odessa Art school, Odessa art schools, as well as at the Royal Academy in Munich. His exuberant, ex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacob Burck
Jacob Burck (née Yankel Boczkowsky, January 10, 1907 – May 11, 1982) was a Polish-born Jewish-American painter, sculptor, and award-winning editorial cartoonist. Active in the Communist movement from 1926 as a political cartoonist and muralist, Burck quit the Communist Party after a visit to the Soviet Union in 1936, deeply offended by political demands there to manipulate his work. Upon his return to the United States, Burck drew political cartoons for two large mainstream dailies, the '' St. Louis Post Dispatch'' and then, for 44 years, the '' Chicago Daily Times'' (later as the ''Chicago Sun-Times''). Burck was awarded the 1941 Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartooning. Biography Early years Jacob Burck was born Yankel Boczkowsky on January 10, 1907, in Wysokie Mazowieckie, Poland (then Russia), the son of ethnic Jewish parents, Abraham Burke, a bricklayer, and Rebecca Lew Burke. Burck emigrated to the United States at age six and lived in Cleveland until 1924. He attend ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Franz Boas
Franz Uri Boas (July 9, 1858 – December 21, 1942) was a German-American anthropologist and ethnomusicologist. He was a pioneer of modern anthropology who has been called the "Father of American Anthropology". His work is associated with the movements known as historical particularism and cultural relativism. Studying in Germany, Boas was awarded a doctorate in 1881 in physics while also studying geography. He then participated in a geographical expedition to northern Canada, where he became fascinated with the culture and language of the Baffin Island Inuit. He went on to do field work with the indigenous cultures and languages of the Pacific Northwest. In 1887 he emigrated to the United States, where he first worked as a museum curator at the Smithsonian, and in 1899 became a professor of anthropology at Columbia University, where he remained for the rest of his career. Through his students, many of whom went on to found anthropology departments and research programmes inspired ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Helen Marie Black
Helen Marie Black (June 2, 1896 – January 31, 1988) was an American cultural and civic leader, journalist, and publicist. She was a co-founder of the Denver Symphony Orchestra and served as its business manager for more than 30 years, being the first female symphony manager in the United States. She was posthumously inducted into the Colorado Women's Hall of Fame in 1991. Early life and education Helen Marie Black was born in Washington, D.C. to Henry Mortimer Black, a mining engineer, and his wife, Palma Lanier Black. She had a brother and a sister. Her mother, who had a medical degree from Johns Hopkins University, nurtured her love of music, literature, and the arts. After Helen's birth, the family relocated first to New York City and then to Chicago, where her father established a brokerage firm. Several years later they moved again to Utah, where her father invested all his savings in a mineral wax mine near Salt Lake City. When the investment collapsed, her parents separ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emjo Basshe
Emjo Basshe (born Emmanuel Iode Abarbanel Basshe or Emanuel Joseph Jochelman; January 20, 1898 – October 29, 1939) was a Lithuanian-born Jewish American playwright of Spanish ancestry and theatre director who co-founded New York City's New Playwrights Theatre in 1926. A recipient of 1931 Guggenheim Fellowship for creative work in theatre and drama, and one of the initial members, in 1935, of the Communist Party-founded League of American Writers, he won first prize for ''Thunderbolt'', also referenced as ''Thunder-Clock'', which was judged in a University of Chicago competition to be the "best unproduced long play of the year 1935". Work with Provincetown Playhouse Born in Vilnius, the capital of Lithuania, then a part of the Russian Empire, Emjo Basshe immigrated to the United States in 1912, at the age of 14. Graduating from Columbia University in 1919, he began his theatrical career with the Provincetown Playhouse on Greenwich Village's MacDougal Street and, in 1920, went ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sherwood Anderson
Sherwood Anderson (September 13, 1876 – March 8, 1941) was an American novelist and short story writer, known for subjective and self-revealing works. Self-educated, he rose to become a successful copywriter and business owner in Cleveland and Elyria, Ohio. In 1912, Anderson had a nervous breakdown that led him to abandon his business and family to become a writer. At the time, he moved to Chicago and was eventually married three additional times. His most enduring work is the short-story sequence '' Winesburg, Ohio,'' which launched his career. Throughout the 1920s, Anderson published several short story collections, novels, memoirs, books of essays, and a book of poetry. Though his books sold reasonably well, '' Dark Laughter'' (1925), a novel inspired by Anderson's time in New Orleans during the 1920s, was his only bestseller. Early life Sherwood Berton Anderson was born on September 13, 1876, at 142 S. Lafayette Street in Camden, Ohio, a farming town with a population of a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Workers International Relief
The Workers International Relief (WIR) — also known as Internationale Arbeiter-Hilfe (IAH) in German and as Международная рабочая помощь (Mezhdunarodny Rabochy Komitet Pomoshchi Golodayushchim Rossii − Mezhrabpom) in Russian — was an adjunct of the Communist International initially formed to channel relief from international working class organizations and communist parties to famine-stricken Soviet Russia. The organization, based in Berlin, later produced films and coordinated propaganda efforts on behalf of the USSR. Organizational history Formation The ''Internationale Arbeiter-Hilfe'' (IAH), also known as International Workers' Aid or Workers International Relief (WIR) was created in Berlin on August 12, 1921, in response to a call by Lenin, in order to recruit international support in response to a drought and famine in the Volga area, particularly those lands occupied by the Volga Germans. The drought and reduced crop production in the area ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New York Workers School
The New York Workers School, colloquially known as "Workers School", was an ideological training center of the Communist Party USA (CPUSA) established in New York City for adult education in October 1923. For more than two decades the facility played an important role in the teaching of party doctrine to the organization's functionaries, as well as offering a more general educational program to trade union activists. The Workers School was a model for local CPUSA training centers in the area (e.g., the Jewish Workers University, founded in New York City in 1926) and in other American cities (e.g., the Chicago Workers School). It also provided the direct inspiration for the New Workers School, established by the breakaway Communist Party (Majority Group) headed by Jay Lovestone and Benjamin Gitlow (supported by Bertram D. Wolfe and Ben Davidson) after they left the Communist Party in 1929. The Workers School was dissolved through merger in 1944, becoming part of the CPUSA's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
