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John Kendal
John Kendal (sometimes ''John Kendall'') (c. 1400 – 1485) was secretary to Richard III of England. A devout adherent of the Yorkist affinity, and personal friend of Richard of Gloucester. He was killed in the Battle of Bosworth in 1485 whilst fighting in the King's army. Although little is known of his immediate family, he is possibly a direct descendant of the famous Westmorland grammarian Richard Kendal (sometimes Richard de Kendall or Richard de Kendal). He is believed to be born in Appleby-in-Westmorland, England. Modern research suggests that he may have been the son of John Kendall of Gloucester. Another theory concentrates on a possible link to Jean de Foix, Earl of Kendal (a descendant of Bordeaux ally of Edward III, Gaston de Foix), through a manorial fee at Stonor, through the tenant-in-chief, a Gascon descendant of Jean de Grailly, Captal de Buch. In 1481 whilst campaigning on the Scots Borders, Kendall transacted some land on the Manor of Wynsnowe for Richard of G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Richard III Of England
Richard III (2 October 1452 – 22 August 1485) was King of England from 26 June 1483 until his death in 1485. He was the last king of the Plantagenet dynasty and its cadet branch the House of York. His defeat and death at the Battle of Bosworth Field marked the end of the Middle Ages in England. Richard was created Duke of Gloucester in 1461 after the accession to the throne of his older brother Edward IV. This was during the period known as the Wars of the Roses, an era when two branches of the royal family contested the throne; Edward and Richard were Yorkists, and their side of the family faced off against their Lancastrian cousins. In 1472, Richard married Anne Neville, daughter of Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick, and widow of Edward of Westminster, son of Henry VI. He governed northern England during Edward's reign, and played a role in the invasion of Scotland in 1482. When Edward IV died in April 1483, Richard was named Lord Protector of the realm for Ed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Bosworth
The Battle of Bosworth or Bosworth Field ( ) was the last significant battle of the Wars of the Roses, the civil war between the houses of Lancaster and York that extended across England in the latter half of the 15th century. Fought on 22 August 1485, the battle was won by an alliance of Lancastrians and disaffected Yorkists. Their leader Henry Tudor, Earl of Richmond, became the first English monarch of the Tudor dynasty by his victory and subsequent marriage to a Yorkist princess. His opponent Richard III, the last king of the House of York, was killed during the battle, the last English monarch to fall in battle. Historians consider Bosworth Field to mark the end of the Plantagenet dynasty, making it one of the defining moments of English history. Richard's reign began in 1483 when he ascended the throne after his twelve-year-old nephew, Edward V, was declared illegitimate. The boy and his younger brother Richard soon disappeared, and their fate remains a mystery. A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Appleby-in-Westmorland
Appleby-in-Westmorland is a market town and civil parish in Westmorland and Furness, Cumbria, England, with a population of 3,048 at the 2011 Census. Crossed by the River Eden, Appleby is the county town of the historic county of Westmorland. It was known just as Appleby until 1974–1976, when the council of the successor parish to the borough changed it to retain the name Westmorland, which was abolished as an administrative area under the Local Government Act 1972, before being revived as Westmorland and Furness in 2023. It lies south-east of Penrith, south-east of Carlisle, north-east of Kendal and west of Darlington. History The town's name derives from the Old English ''æppel-by'', meaning "farm or settlement with apple trees". St Lawrence's Parish Church is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building. Appleby Castle was founded by Ranulf le Meschin in the early 12th century. The Borough followed by royal charter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Secretary Of State (England)
In the Kingdom of England, the title of Secretary of State came into being near the end of the reign of Elizabeth I, the usual title before that having been King's Clerk, King's Secretary, or Principal Secretary. From the time of Henry VIII, there were usually two secretaries of state. After the restoration of the monarchy of 1660, the two posts were specifically designated as the Secretary of State for the Northern Department and the Secretary of State for the Southern Department. Both dealt with home affairs and they divided foreign affairs between them. History The medieval kings of England had a clerical servant, at first known as their ''Clerk'', later as their ''Secretary''. The primary duty of this office was carrying on the monarch's official correspondence, but in varying degrees the holder also advised the Crown, and by the early fourteenth century, the position was in effect the third most powerful office of state in England, ranking after the Lord Chancellor. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cofferer Of The Household
The cofferer of the Household was formerly an office in the English and British Royal Household. Next in rank to the Comptroller, the holder paid the wages of some of the servants above and below stairs, was a member of the Board of Green Cloth, and sat with the Lord Steward in the Court of the Verge. The cofferer was usually of political rank and always a member of the Privy Council. The office dates from the 13th century, when it was known as Cofferer of the Wardrobe. The Keeper of the Wardrobe was at this time increasingly occupied with matters of state, and so his chief clerk gradually took on additional responsibilities for accounting and bookkeeping, and came to be referred to as the Cofferer. As such, he became in effect the working head of the Wardrobe, and acted when required as ''locum tenens'' to the Keeper. The Cofferer had his own staff of clerks, who later came to be known as the Clerks of the Green Cloth (after the green cloth covering of the table in the acc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Freeman Of The City Of York
Freeman, free men, Freeman's or Freemans may refer to: Places United States * Freeman, Georgia, an unincorporated community * Freeman, Illinois, an unincorporated community * Freeman, Indiana, an unincorporated community * Freeman, South Dakota, a city * Freeman, Virginia, an unincorporated community * Freeman, Washington, an unincorporated community * Freeman, Wisconsin, a town * Freeman, Langlade County, Wisconsin, an unincorporated community * Freeman Island, an island in the state of Washington * Freeman Peak, a mountain in Idaho * Freeman Township, Michigan * Freeman Township, Freeborn County, Minnesota Norway * Freeman Strait (Freemansundet), a body of water People and fictional characters * Freeman (surname), includes a list of people and fictional characters * Freeman (given name), includes a list of people and fictional characters * A member of the Third Estate in medieval society (commoners) * Freeman, a member or an apprentice who has been granted freedom of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Assayer Of The Mint , an investigative (analytic) procedure
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Assayer may refer to: * a person carrying out a metallurgical assay * ''The Assayer'', a 1623 book by Galileo See also * Assay An assay is an investigative (analytic) procedure in laboratory medicine, mining, pharmacology, environmental biology and molecular biology for qualitatively assessing or quantitatively measuring the presence, amount, or functional activity ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Comptroller Of The Exchange
A comptroller (pronounced either the same as ''controller'' or as ) is a management-level position responsible for supervising the quality of accounting and financial reporting of an organization. A financial comptroller is a senior-level executive who acts as the head of accounting, and oversees the preparation of financial reports, such as balance sheets and income statements. In most Commonwealth countries, the comptroller general, auditor general, or comptroller and auditor general is the external auditor of the budget execution of the government and of government-owned companies. Typically, the independent institution headed by the comptroller general is a member of the International Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions. In American government, the comptroller is effectively the chief financial officer of a public body. In business management, the comptroller is closer to a chief audit executive, holding a senior role in internal audit functions. Generally, the title ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Freeman Of York
Freeman, free men, Freeman's or Freemans may refer to: Places United States * Freeman, Georgia, an unincorporated community * Freeman, Illinois, an unincorporated community * Freeman, Indiana, an unincorporated community * Freeman, South Dakota, a city * Freeman, Virginia, an unincorporated community * Freeman, Washington, an unincorporated community * Freeman, Wisconsin, a town * Freeman, Langlade County, Wisconsin, an unincorporated community * Freeman Island, an island in the state of Washington * Freeman Peak, a mountain in Idaho * Freeman Township, Michigan * Freeman Township, Freeborn County, Minnesota Norway * Freeman Strait (Freemansundet), a body of water People and fictional characters * Freeman (surname), includes a list of people and fictional characters * Freeman (given name), includes a list of people and fictional characters * A member of the Third Estate in medieval society (commoners) * Freeman, a member or an apprentice who has been granted freedom of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People Of The Wars Of The Roses
The term "the people" refers to the public or common mass of people of a polity. As such it is a concept of human rights law, international law as well as constitutional law, particularly used for claims of popular sovereignty. In contrast, a people is any plurality of persons considered as a whole. Used in politics and law, the term "a people" refers to the collective or community of an ethnic group or nation. Concepts Legal Chapter One, Article One of the Charter of the United Nations states that "peoples" have the right to self-determination. Though the mere status as peoples and the right to self-determination, as for example in the case of Indigenous peoples (''peoples'', as in all groups of indigenous people, not merely all indigenous persons as in ''indigenous people''), does not automatically provide for independent sovereignty and therefore secession. Indeed, judge Ivor Jennings identified the inherent problems in the right of "peoples" to self-determination, as i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Knights Of Malta
The Sovereign Military Order of Malta (SMOM), officially the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes and of Malta, and commonly known as the Order of Malta or the Knights of Malta, is a Catholic Church, Catholic Catholic laity, lay Religious order (Catholic), religious order, traditionally of a military order (religious society), military, chivalry, chivalric, and nobility, noble nature. Though it possesses no territory, the order is often considered a Sovereign state, sovereign entity under international law. The Order traces its institutional continuity with the Knights Hospitaller, a order of chivalry, chivalric order that was founded about 1099 by the Blessed Gerard in the Kingdom of Jerusalem. The order is led by an elected List of Princes and Grand Masters of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, prince and grand master. Its motto is ("Defence of the faith and assistance to the poor"). The government of the Sovereign Order of Malta has ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
