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John Hepburn (soldier)
Sir John Hepburn (c. 1598 – 8 July 1636) was a professional soldier from East Lothian, who served with the Swedish Empire, Swedish and Kingdom of France, French armies. He was killed in action near Saverne in Alsace. Biography Early life John Hepburn was the 2nd son of George Hepburn of Athelstaneford, near the town of Haddington, East Lothian, Haddington and his wife Helen Hepburn, daughter of Adam Hepburn of Smeaton, Scotland, Smeaton. He probably studied at St Andrews in 1615, and then travelled to France with his friend, Robert Monro visiting Paris and Poitiers. Hepburn was one of the many thousands of Scots who served in the Thirty Years' War. 1620s In 1620 Sir Andrew Gray began to levy forces for the support of Elizabeth of Bohemia (1292–1330), Queen Elizabeth of Bohemia, and he established his camp on Hepburn family property at Monkrig. John joined Gray's forces, leaving Scotland in May 1620, and thereafter commanded a company of pikes who served as the pe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toul Cathedral
Toul Cathedral or Cathedral of Saint Stephen of Toul (''Cathédrale Saint-Étienne de Toul'') is a Roman Catholic church in Toul, Lorraine, France. It is a classic example of late Gothic architecture in the Flamboyant style. The cathedral has one of the biggest cloisters in France. The cathedral was formerly the seat of the Diocese of Toul. Established in 365, it was annexed in 1824 to the Diocese of Nancy, which in 1777 had been formed from the Diocese of Toul. Since 1824, the diocese has been known as the Diocese of Nancy-Toul, Architecture The cathedral has significant elements of the late Gothic Flamboyant style of architecture. Floorplan The towers of the facade measuring 65 meters high, the nave, 100 m long and a vault height of 30 meters and a transept 56 meters wide. Despite construction over more than three centuries, the building's facade has a homogeneity of style. The 13th century saw the construction of the choir, the transept, the last section of the nave and th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Swedish Empire
The Swedish Empire or the Great Power era () was the period in Swedish history spanning much of the 17th and early 18th centuries during which Sweden became a European great power that exercised territorial control over much of the Baltic region. During this period it also held territories on the North Sea and some Swedish overseas colonies, overseas colonies, including New Sweden. The beginning of the period is usually taken as the reign of Gustavus Adolphus, who ascended the throne in 1611, and its end as the loss of territories in 1721 following the Great Northern War. After the death of Gustavus Adolphus in 1632, the empire was controlled for lengthy periods by part of the high Swedish nobility, nobility, such as the Oxenstierna family, acting as regents for minor monarchs. The interests of the high nobility contrasted with the uniformity policy (i.e., upholding the traditional equality in status of the Swedish estates favoured by the kings and peasantry). In territories ac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander Leslie
Alexander Leslie, 1st Earl of Leven (4 April 1661) was a Scottish army officer. Born illegitimate and raised as a foster child, he subsequently advanced to the rank of field marshal in Swedish Army, and in Scotland became Lord General in command of the Army of the Covenanters, a privy councillor, captain of Edinburgh Castle, Lord Balgonie and Earl of Leven. In England he commanded the Army of the Solemn League and Covenant and was senior commander of the Army of Both Kingdoms (1642–1647). Leslie served in the Thirty Years' War, the Bishops' Wars, and most of the English Civil War, fighting primarily in the First English Civil War. Leslie would live a long life, dying roughly at the age of 80 or 81. Early life Alexander Leslie was born circa 1580 as an illegitimate son of George Leslie, a captain of Blair Castle, and a mother sometimes described as "a wench in Rannoch". He was a member of the Clan Leslie. At an early age, Alexander was fostered out to the Campbells of Gleno ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Patrick Ruthven, 1st Earl Of Forth
Patrick Ruthven, 1st Earl of Forth and Earl of Brentford ( – 2 February 1651) was a professional soldier and diplomat from Perthshire in Scotland. He spent nearly 30 years in the Swedish army, reaching the rank of lieutenant general before returning home in 1637. During the War of the Three Kingdoms, he served as Lord General of the Royalist Army from 1642 to 1644, and later accompanied the future Charles II of England into exile. He is thought to have died outside Buxtehude, Germany, in February 1651, and was buried nearby. Personal details Patrick Ruthven was born between 1572 and 1573, second son of William Ruthven (d. 1603) of Ballindean, Perthshire, and Katherine Stewart. His father was a grandson of the 1st Lord Ruthven, and his mother a daughter of the 5th Lord Innermeath. His siblings included an elder brother, William Ruthven (1569–1634). In 1600, the head of the Ruthven family, the 3rd Earl of Gowrie, became involved in the Gowrie conspiracy, an alleged plo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gniew
Gniew (; ) is a historic town situated on the left bank of the Vistula River, in the Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It has 6,870 inhabitants (2016). It is one of the oldest towns in Eastern Pomerania, and is renowned for its medieval Brick Gothic Gniew Castle, Castle, which has become one of the region's most recognizable monuments. The town also has other medieval Gothic monuments, and in early modern times it was a centre for the wine trade and the seat of local starosts, most notably John III Sobieski, who was elected King of Poland. Gniew is located in the ethnocultural region of Kociewie in the historic region of Pomerania. History The first recorded mentions of Gniew appear in written documents of the first half of the 13th century, which refer to the region as ''Terra Gymeu'' (Gmewan, Gimen, Gymen) in 1229, ''terra Mewe'' in 1250, and terra Gemewe in 1283, terra Mewa. The name ''Gniew'' is of native, Polish origin. The name Wansca (''Wońsk'') was also used. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prussia
Prussia (; ; Old Prussian: ''Prūsija'') was a Germans, German state centred on the North European Plain that originated from the 1525 secularization of the Prussia (region), Prussian part of the State of the Teutonic Order. For centuries, the House of Hohenzollern ruled Prussia, expanding its size with the Prussian Army. Prussia, with its capital at Königsberg and then, when it became the Kingdom of Prussia in 1701, History of Berlin, Berlin, decisively shaped the history of Germany. Prussia formed the German Empire when it united the German states in 1871. It was ''de facto'' dissolved by 1932 Prussian coup d'état, an emergency decree transferring powers of the Prussian government to German Chancellor Franz von Papen in 1932 and ''de jure'' by Abolition of Prussia, an Allied decree in 1947. The name ''Prussia'' derives from the Old Prussians who were conquered by the Teutonic Knightsan organized Catholic medieval Military order (religious society), military order of Pru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Count Ernst Mansfeldt
Count (feminine: countess) is a historical title of nobility in certain European countries, varying in relative status, generally of middling rank in the hierarchy of nobility. Pine, L. G. ''Titles: How the King Became His Majesty''. New York: Barnes & Noble, 1992. p. 73. . Especially in earlier medieval periods the term often implied not only a certain status, but also that the ''count'' had specific responsibilities or offices. The etymologically related English term "county" denoted the territories associated with some countships, but not all. The title of ''count'' is typically not used in England or English-speaking countries, and the term ''earl'' is used instead. A female holder of the title is still referred to as a ''countess'', however. Origin of the term The word ''count'' came into English from the French ', itself from Latin '—in its accusative form ''comitem''. It meant "companion" or "attendant", and as a title it indicated that someone was delegated to rep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elizabeth Of Bohemia (1292–1330)
Elizabeth of Bohemia () (20 January 1292 – 28 September 1330) was a princess of the Bohemian Přemyslid dynasty who became Queen of Bohemia as the first wife of King John the Blind. She was the mother of Emperor Charles IV, King of Bohemia, and a daughter of Judith of Habsburg, member of the House of Habsburg. Childhood Elizabeth was the daughter of Wenceslaus II of Bohemia and Judith of Habsburg. Her mother died when she was five years old, and of her ten children only four of them lived to adulthood: Wenceslaus, Anne, Elizabeth and Margaret. Elizabeth and her siblings also had a half-sister called Agnes. Six years after the death of her mother, her father remarried, to a Polish princess called Elizabeth Richeza, from the Piast dynasty. Elizabeth's father then gained the Crown of Poland. Many notable events occurred during Elizabeth's youth, including a devastating fire at Prague Castle in 1303, the death of her father, and the assassination of her brother Wenceslaus. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poitiers
Poitiers is a city on the river Clain in west-central France. It is a commune in France, commune, the capital of the Vienne (department), Vienne department and the historical center of Poitou, Poitou Province. In 2021, it had a population of 90,240. Its conurbation had 134,397 inhabitants in 2021 and is the municipal center of an urban area of 281,789 inhabitants. It is a city of art and history, still known popularly as "Ville aux cent clochers" (literal translation: "City of hundred bell towers"). With more than 30,000 students, Poitiers has been a major university town since the creation of its University of Poitiers, university in 1431, having hosted world-renowned figures and thinkers such as René Descartes, Joachim du Bellay and François Rabelais, among others. The plaza of the town is picturesque; its streets including predominantly preserved historical architecture and half-timbered houses, especially religious edifices, commonly from the Romanesque architecture, Roma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
St Andrews
St Andrews (; ; , pronounced [kʰʲɪʎˈrˠiː.ɪɲ]) is a town on the east coast of Fife in Scotland, southeast of Dundee and northeast of Edinburgh. St Andrews had a recorded population of 16,800 , making it Fife's fourth-largest settlement and List of towns and cities in Scotland by population, 45th most populous settlement in Scotland. The town is home to the University of St Andrews, the third oldest university in the English-speaking world and the oldest in Scotland. It was ranked as the best university in the UK by the 2022 Good University Guide, which is published by ''The Times'' and ''The Sunday Times''. According to other rankings, it is ranked as one of the best universities in the United Kingdom. The town is named after Andrew the Apostle, Saint Andrew the Twelve apostles, Apostle. The settlement grew to the west of St Andrew's Cathedral, St Andrews, St Andrews Cathedral, with the southern side of the Scores to the north and the Kinness Burn to the south. The b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Smeaton, Scotland
Smeaton is a village and country estate in East Lothian, Scotland. It is off the B1407, near East Linton, and very close to Prestonkirk Parish Church as well as the National Trust for Scotland properties Preston Mill Preston Mill is a watermill on the River Tyne at the eastern edge of East Linton on the B1407 Preston Road, in East Lothian, Scotland, UK. It is situated close to Prestonkirk Parish Church, the Smeaton Hepburn Estate, Smeaton Lake, and Phan ... and Phantassie Doocot. The Estate The Smeaton Estate belonged to the Hepburn family for 400 years, until 1934. It is now owned by the Gray family, but it remains to be called "Smeaton-Hepburn Estate". The mansion no longer exists. (Smeaton House, which is 19 miles away and located within the Dalkeith Palace Estate, is not an adjacent or related property.) Smeaton Lake and parkland Smeaton Lake is one of a handful of "lakes" in Scotland - most are referred to as lochs. With the exception of the Lake of Menteith, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
