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John Cadbury
John Cadbury (12 August 1801 – 11 May 1889) was an English Quaker and businessperson, who founded the Cadbury chocolate company in Birmingham, England. He was also involved in activism and philanthropy, championing workers' rights, environmental and industrial reform, temperance, animal welfare, education, and healthcare, while actively opposing cruelty, exploitation, and indulgent practices. Biography Early life and education John Cadbury was born on 12 August 1801 in Birmingham to Richard Tapper, a linen draper, and his wife Elizabeth Head Cadbury. He was from a wealthy Quaker family that moved to the area from the west of England. Cadbury attended Joseph Crosfield's Quaker School at Hartshill, Warwickshire. Quakerism Cadbury was deeply involved in the Birmingham Friends Meeting, where he served as an elder for many years. At the age of 29, he was appointed clerk of the Warwickshire North Friends Monthly Meeting, and a year later, he took on the role of Overseer. He ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Birmingham
Birmingham ( ) is a City status in the United Kingdom, city and metropolitan borough in the metropolitan county of West Midlands (county), West Midlands, within the wider West Midlands (region), West Midlands region, in England. It is the List of English districts by population, largest local authority district in England by population and the second-largest city in Britain – commonly referred to as the second city of the United Kingdom – with a population of million people in the city proper in . Birmingham borders the Black Country to its west and, together with the city of Wolverhampton and towns including Dudley and Solihull, forms the West Midlands conurbation. The royal town of Sutton Coldfield is incorporated within the city limits to the northeast. The urban area has a population of 2.65million. Located in the West Midlands (region), West Midlands region of England, Birmingham is considered to be the social, cultural, financial and commercial centre of the Midland ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poor Law
In English and British history, poor relief refers to government and ecclesiastical action to relieve poverty. Over the centuries, various authorities have needed to decide whose poverty deserves relief and also who should bear the cost of helping the poor. Alongside ever-changing attitudes towards poverty, many methods have been attempted to answer these questions. Since the early 16th century legislation on poverty enacted by the Parliament of England, poor relief has developed from being little more than a systematic means of punishment into a complex system of government-funded support and protection, especially following the creation in the 1940s of the welfare state. Tudor era In the late 15th century, Parliament took action on the growing problem of poverty, focusing on punishing people for being " vagabonds" and for begging. In 1495, during the reign of King Henry VII, Parliament enacted the Vagabonds and Beggars Act 1494. This provided for officers of the law to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barclay College
Barclay College is a private Quaker college in Haviland, Kansas. It is known for ministry degrees but offers degrees in other professional fields. Since the fall of 2007, the college has offered full-tuition scholarships to students who enroll full-time and pay to live in the residence halls. History In 1917, evangelist and teacher Scott T. Clark founded the Kansas Central Bible Training School on the site of Haviland Friends Academy, a Quaker high school in Haviland, Kansas. A two-year junior college course was added in 1925, and the name was changed in 1930 to Friends Bible College to more fully reflect the growing mission of the institution. By 1968, the school's vision put an emphasis on the four-year institution, leading to closure of the high school program and an effort to secure necessary faculty and facilities. This effort received general recognition in 1975 with the granting of full accreditation by the Association for Biblical Higher Education The Association for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Model Village
A model village is a mostly self-contained community, built from the late 18th century onwards by landowners and business magnates to house their workers. "Model" implies an ideal to which other developments could aspire. Although the villages are located close to the workplace, they are generally physically separated from them and often consist of relatively high-quality housing, with integrated community amenities and attractive physical environments. Great Britain and Ireland According to Jeremy Burchardt, the term model village was first used by the Victorian era, Victorians to describe the new settlements created on the rural estates of the landed gentry in the eighteenth century. As landowners sought to improve their estates for aesthetic reasons, new landscapes were created and the cottages of the poor were demolished and rebuilt out of sight of their country house vistas. However, according to the ''Oxford English Dictionary'' (2024), the first use of the term model vi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edgbaston
Edgbaston () is a suburb of Birmingham, West Midlands (county), West Midlands, England. It lies immediately south-west of Birmingham city centre, and was historically in Warwickshire. The Ward (electoral subdivision), wards of Edgbaston and North Edgbaston had a combined population of 42,295 at the 2021 census. Edgbaston is the location of Edgbaston Cricket Ground, the University of Birmingham, Birmingham Botanical Gardens, England, Birmingham Botanical Gardens, and the Edgbaston Archery and Lawn Tennis Society, the oldest Tennis, lawn tennis club in the world. Etymology Edgbaston means "village of a man called Ecgbald", from the Old English language, Old English personal name + ''tun'' "farm". The personal name'' Ecgbald'' means "bold sword" (literally "bold edge"). The name was recorded as a village known as ''Celboldistane'' in the Hundred (county division), Hundred of Hemlingford (hundred), Coleshill in the 1086 Domesday Book until at least 1139, wrongly suggesting that Old ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lancaster, Lancashire
Lancaster (, ) is a city in Lancashire, England, and the main cultural hub, economic and commercial centre of City of Lancaster district. The city is on the River Lune, directly inland from Morecambe Bay. Lancaster is the county town, although Lancashire County Council has been based at County Hall, Preston, County Hall in Preston, Lancashire, Preston since its formation in 1889. The city's long history is marked by Lancaster Roman Fort, Lancaster Castle, Lancaster Priory, Lancaster Priory Church, Lancaster Cathedral and the Ashton Memorial. It is the seat of Lancaster University and has a campus of the University of Cumbria. It had a population of 52,234 in the 2011 census, compared to the district, which had a population of 138,375. The House of Lancaster was a branch of the List of English monarchs, English royal family. The Duchy of Lancaster still holds large estates on behalf of Charles III, who is the Duke of Lancaster. The Port of Lancaster and the 18th-century Lancas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Foto Keluarga John Cadbury Tahun 1847
Foto may refer to: *Fotö, an island and locality in Öckerö municipality, Västra Götaland county, Sweden *Foto language, a Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of Congo *Foto Strakosha (born 1965), an Albanian retired football goalkeeper *Foto Çami (born 1925), a former Albanian politician *To Lua Foto (died 614), Abbot of Clonmacnoise * Fot, sometimes known as Foto, a runemaster in mid-11th century Sweden *Forecasting Of Traffic Objects (FOTO), software tool for Three-phase traffic theory See also *Photograph A photograph (also known as a photo, or more generically referred to as an ''image'' or ''picture'') is an image created by light falling on a photosensitivity, photosensitive surface, usually photographic film or an electronic image sensor. Th ... or photo, an image created by light falling on a light-sensitive surface * Fotos, a German indie rock band {{disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Kingdom Alliance
The United Kingdom Alliance (UKA) was a British temperance organisation. It was founded in 1853 in Manchester to work for the prohibition of the trade in alcohol in the United Kingdom. This occurred in a context of support for the type of law passed by General Neal Dow in Maine, United States, in 1851, prohibiting the sale of intoxicants. Early history The idea was initiated by Nathaniel Card (1805–1856), an Irish cotton manufacturer and member of the Society of Friends. He had earlier been a member of the Manchester and Salford Temperance Society, and had taken his inspiration from the success of what later became known as the Maine law. At a private meeting at Card's house on 20 July 1852, the National League for the Total and Legal Suppression of Intemperance was formed. Those present included Joseph Brotherton Member of Parliament for Salford and his cousin Alderman William Hervey, also of Salford. At a subsequent meeting of the League they formed a Provisional Commi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Drinking Chocolate
Hot Chocolate are a British soul band formed by Errol Brown and Tony Wilson. The group had at least one hit song every year on the UK Singles Chart from 1970 to 1984. Their hits include "You Sexy Thing", a UK number two which also made the top 10 in three decades, reached number three on the US ''Billboard'' Hot 100, and also featured in the film ''The Full Monty'' (1997); "So You Win Again", which topped the UK Charts; " Every 1's a Winner" which reached number six in the US; " It Started with a Kiss", which reached the UK top five, and " Emma", which charted at number three in the UK and number 8 in the US. In 2004, Brown received the Ivor Novello Award for Outstanding Contribution to British Music from the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors. Beginnings Formed in 1968, the band initially consisted of vocalist Errol Brown, guitarist Franklyn De Allie, drummer Jim King (shortly thereafter replaced by the unrelated Ian King), percussionist Patrick Olive, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sunday School
] A Sunday school, sometimes known as a Sabbath school, is an educational institution, usually Christianity, Christian in character and intended for children or neophytes. Sunday school classes usually precede a Sunday church service and are used to provide catechesis to Christians, especially children and teenagers, and sometimes adults as well. Churches of many Christian denominations have classrooms attached to the church (building), church used for this purpose. Many Sunday school classes operate on a set curriculum, with some teaching attendees a catechism. Members often receive certificates and awards for participation, as well as attendance. Sunday school classes may provide a light breakfast. On days when Eucharist, Holy Communion is being celebrated, however, some Christian denominations encourage fasting#Christianity, fasting before receiving the Eucharistic elements. Early history Sunday schools in Europe began with the Catholic Church's Confraternity of Christian D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peace Society
The Peace Society, International Peace Society or London Peace Society, originally known as the Society for the Promotion of Permanent and Universal Peace, was a British pacifist organisation that was active from 1816 until the 1930s. History Foundation The Society for the Promotion of Permanent and Universal Peace was founded after a meeting at the premises of William Allen, in Plough Court, Lombard Street in the City of London on 14 June 1816. Following the Battle of Waterloo the previous year and the decades of European conflict with Napoleon Bonaparte, it advocated a gradual, proportionate, and simultaneous disarmament of all nations and the principle of arbitration.Peter Barberis, John McHugh, Mike Tyldesley, ''Encyclopedia of British and Irish Political Organizations'', Continuum International Publishing Group, 2000, p.345. Many of the founders came together under the banner of Christian abolitionism and a number were Quakers. The society in London helped establish auxi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Animals' Friend Society
The Animals' Friend Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals was an animal welfare organisation founded in 1832 by Lewis Gompertz and T. Forster. Along with the RSPCA, it was a pioneering organisation advocating for animal welfare in the United Kingdom. After Gompertz's retirement in 1846, the society disbanded. In 1910, an organisation of the same name was founded by Ernest Bell. History Original society Lewis Gompertz was one of the founding members of the RSPCA. After a dispute with them, Gompertz resigned and established the Animals' Friend Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals with his friend T. Forster, in 1832. It was headquarter at 18 West Strand, London. Its chief officer was T. B. Gibbins. The Society was nonsectarian, while other animal organisations of the time were. By 1841, it had at least ten local branches and was experiencing financial difficulties. In 1844, the Society reported that since their formation they had prosecuted no less tha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
