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Johann Grüninger
Johannes (Hans) Grüninger (1455–1533) was a German printer whose career spanned from 1482 to 1533 and produced up to 500 publications. Grüninger was one of the single most prolific printers of Strasbourg, printing up to 80 books a year. While a great deal of his publications were Catholic, he managed to print a great variety of works ranging from humanist to scientific texts. His work was fairly equally representative of both Latin and the vernacular; about 39% of his works were printed in Latin and the remaining 61% in German. Grüninger was born as Johannes Reinhart in 1455 in the town of Markgröningen, Württemberg (from which he took his name "Grüninger"). He learned about the printing trade in Basel before he moved to Strasbourg which was experiencing a boom in the printing industry. Between 1508 and 1528 about 70 printers had established themselves in Strasbourg. Grüninger had a head start on this competition and in 1481 he moved to Strasbourg. A year later bought his p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Markgröningen Federzeichnung Jakob Gottfried Hegler
Markgröningen () is a town in the district (Kreis) of Ludwigsburg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is known for its fine historic buildings, many in the ''Fachwerk'' German architectural style, and its annual Shepherds' Run. Markgröningen is on the ''Deutsche Fachwerkstraße'' (German Timber-Frame Road). Geography Markgröningen is in the Strohgäu, on the River Glems, about 15 km northwest of Stuttgart and 10 km west of Ludwigsburg. Constituent communities In addition to Markgröningen itself, the town now includes the following formerly independent settlements: * Talhausen, a hamlet on the Glems abandoned in the 17th century and resettled around 1790 * Unterriexingen, a town at the confluence of the Glems and the Enz, incorporated into Markgröningen in 1973 * Hardthof and Schönbühlhof, founded as agricultural hamlets in the 18th century on the border with Schwieberdingen History Markgröningen (or simply “Gröningen,” as some older residents may call it) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
16th-century Printers
The 16th century began with the Julian calendar, Julian year 1501 (represented by the Roman numerals MDI) and ended with either the Julian or the Gregorian calendar, Gregorian year 1600 (MDC), depending on the reckoning used (the Gregorian calendar introduced a lapse of 10 days in October 1582). The Renaissance in Italy and Europe saw the emergence of important artists, authors and scientists, and led to the foundation of important subjects which include accounting and political science. Copernicus proposed the Copernican heliocentrism, heliocentric universe, which was met with strong resistance, and Tycho Brahe refuted the theory of celestial spheres through observational measurement of the SN 1572, 1572 appearance of a Milky Way supernova. These events directly challenged the long-held notion of an immutable universe supported by Ptolemy and Aristotle, and led to major revolutions in astronomy and science. Galileo Galilei became a champion of the new sciences, invented the first ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
15th-century Printers
The 15th century was the century which spans the Julian calendar dates from 1 January 1401 (represented by the Roman numerals MCDI) to 31 December 1500 (MD). In Europe, the 15th century includes parts of the Late Middle Ages, the Early Renaissance, and the early modern period. Many technological, social and cultural developments of the 15th century can in retrospect be seen as heralding the " European miracle" of the following centuries. The architectural perspective, and the modern fields which are known today as banking and accounting were founded in Italy. The Hundred Years' War ended with a decisive French victory over the English in the Battle of Castillon. Financial troubles in England following the conflict resulted in the Wars of the Roses, a series of dynastic wars for the throne of England. The conflicts ended with the defeat of Richard III by Henry VII at the Battle of Bosworth Field, establishing the Tudor dynasty in the later part of the century. Constanti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1533 Deaths
Year 1533 ( MDXXXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. Events January–March * January 25 – King Henry VIII of England formally but secretly marries Anne Boleyn, who becomes his second queen consort. * January 26 – Thomas Audley, 1st Baron Audley of Walden, is appointed Lord Chancellor of England. * February 4 – The Reformation Parliament is summoned into session by King Henry VIII of England, and meets until April 7. * February 8 – (15th waxing of Tabaung 894 ME) King Min Bin of Burma begins receiving tributes from the local lords of Bengal. * February 14 – By a treaty between the German city of Münster and the Holy Roman Empire, Münster is recognized as a Lutheran city. * February 18 – The order of the Clerics Regular of Saint Paul, more commonly called the Barnabites, is given papal approval by Pope Clement VII in the brief ''Vota per quae vos''. * March 30 – Thomas Cranmer becomes Arch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1455 Births
Year 1455 ( MCDLV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (full) of the Julian calendar. Events January–December * January 8 – Pope Nicholas V publishes ''Romanus Pontifex'', an encyclical addressed to King Afonso V of Portugal, which sanctions the conquest of non-Christian lands, and the reduction of native non-Christian populations to 'perpetual slavery'. (Later there will be a dramatic reversal when, in 1537, the bull ''Sublimis Deus'' of Pope Paul III forbids the enslavement of non-Christians.) * February 23 – The Gutenberg Bible is the first book printed with movable type. * April 8 – Pope Calixtus III succeeds Pope Nicholas V, as the 209th pope. * Spring – The Wars of the Roses begin in England. * May 1 – Battle of Arkinholm: Forces loyal to King James II of Scotland defeat the supporters of the Earl of Douglas. * May 22 – First Battle of St Albans: Richard, Duke of York, defeats and captures King Henry VI of England. * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Martin Waldseemüller
Martin Waldseemüller ( – 16 March 1520) was a German cartographer and humanist scholar. Sometimes known by the Hellenized form of his name, Hylacomylus, his work was influential among contemporary cartographers. His collaborator Matthias Ringmann and he are credited with the first recorded usage of the word ''America'' to name a portion of the New World in honour of Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci, coming from the Old High German name Emmerich, in a world map they delineated in 1507. The same map also first showed the Pacific Ocean, separating the Americas from Asia. Waldseemüller was also the first to map South America as a continent separate from Asia, the first to produce a printed globe, and the first to create a printed wall map of Europe. A set of his maps printed as an appendix to the 1513 edition of Ptolemy's ''Geography'' is considered to be the first example of a modern atlas. Life and works Details of Waldseemüller's life are scarce. He was born around 1470 in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ptolemy's Geography
The ''Geography'' (, , "Geographical Guidance"), also known by its Latin names as the ' and the ', is a gazetteer, an atlas, and a treatise on cartography, compiling the geographical knowledge of the 2nd-century Roman Empire. Originally written by Claudius Ptolemy in Greek at Alexandria around 150 AD, the work was a revision of a now-lost atlas by Marinus of Tyre using additional Roman and Persian gazetteers and new principles. Its translation – Kitab Surat al-Ard – into Arabic by Al-Khwarismi in the 9th century was highly influential on the geographical knowledge and cartographic traditions of the Islamic world. Alongside the works of Islamic scholars – and the commentary containing revised and more accurate data by Alfraganus – Ptolemy's work was subsequently highly influential on Medieval and Renaissance Europe. Manuscripts Versions of Ptolemy's work in antiquity were probably proper atlases with attached maps, although some scholars believe that the refer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Claudius Ptolemy
Claudius Ptolemy (; , ; ; – 160s/170s AD) was a Greco-Roman mathematician, astronomer, astrologer, geographer, and music theorist who wrote about a dozen scientific treatises, three of which were important to later Byzantine, Islamic, and Western European science. The first was his astronomical treatise now known as the '' Almagest'', originally entitled ' (, ', ). The second is the ''Geography'', which is a thorough discussion on maps and the geographic knowledge of the Greco-Roman world. The third is the astrological treatise in which he attempted to adapt horoscopic astrology to the Aristotelian natural philosophy of his day. This is sometimes known as the ' (, 'On the Effects') but more commonly known as the ' (from the Koine Greek meaning 'four books'; ). The Catholic Church promoted his work, which included the only mathematically sound geocentric model of the Solar System, and unlike most Greek mathematicians, Ptolemy's writings (foremost the ''Almagest'') never ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ship Of Fools (satire)
''Ship of Fools'' (Modern German: ; ; original medieval German title: ) is a satirical allegory in German verse published in 1494 in Basel, Switzerland, by the humanist and theologian Sebastian Brant. It is the most famous treatment of the ship of fools trope and circulated in numerous translations. Overview The ''Ship of Fools'' was published in 1494 in Basel, Switzerland, by Sebastian Brant. It was printed by Michael Furter for Johann Bergann von Olpe. The book consists of a prologue, 112 brief satires, and an epilogue, all illustrated with woodcuts. Brant takes up the ship of fools trope, popular at the time, lashing with unsparing vigor the weaknesses and vices of his time. He conceives Saint Grobian, whom he imagines to be the patron saint of vulgar and coarse people. The concept of foolishness was a frequently used trope in the pre-Reformation period to legitimize criticism, as also used by Erasmus in his '' Praise of Folly'' and Martin Luther in his "" (''Addr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sebastian Brant
Sebastian Brant (also Brandt; 1457/1458 – 10 May 1521) was a German humanist and satirist. He is best known for his satire '' Das Narrenschiff'' (''The Ship of Fools''). Early life and education Brant was born in either 1457 or 1458 in Strasbourg, Holy Roman Empire, to innkeeper Diebold Brant and Barbara Brant (née Rickler). He entered the University of Basel in October 1475 and as an assistant to Jacobus Hugonius he did not pay the matriculation. For five years he lived in the dorm of magister Hieronymus Berlin, initially studying philosophy and then transferring to the school of law. He was taught Latin by Johann Matthias von Gengenbach, who also lectured philosophy at the Faculty of Philosophy. Initially studying at the Faculty of Philosophy he later studied law. It is assumed he began his law studies in 1476, as his bachelor is already mentioned in the winter of 1477-1478 and in 1484 Brant obtained a licentiate.Wilhelmi, Thomas (ed.).p.14 In 1483 he began teaching at the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
