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Johan Willem Crolius
Johan Willem Crolius (d. 1779) , also known as William Crolius, was a German-born American potter who owned kilns in New York City. The business he started operated in New York City from 1730s - 1850s and originally was located on Potbaker's Hill, an underdeveloped area of Lower Manhattan. He established a dynasty of potters in New York that existed until the 1850s. The Crolius has been called the most important stoneware makers in the history of the USA. As his workshop created some of the earliest known examples of stoneware in the USA, he may have introduced salt-glaze stoneware to North America. Crolius products were widely distributed across several states. Crolius was born in Neuwird in the Westerwald region of present-day Germany. Crolius migrated from Eifel to New York City around 1718. In 1724 he married Veronica Cortselius, also born in Neuwird, at the Dutch Reformed Church, New York. Crolius started his workshop Manhattan sometime before 1730. He was a member of the D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stoneware
Stoneware is a broad class of pottery fired at a relatively high temperature, to be impervious to water. A modern definition is a Vitrification#Ceramics, vitreous or semi-vitreous ceramic made primarily from stoneware clay or non-refractory fire clay.Arthur Dodd & David Murfin. ''Dictionary of Ceramics''; 3rd edition. The Institute of Minerals, 1994. This definition excludes stone vessels that are carving, carved from a solid chunk of rock (geology), stone. End applications of stoneware include tableware and ceramic art, decorative ware such as vases. Stoneware is fired at between about to . Historically, reaching such temperatures was a long-lasting challenge, and temperatures somewhat below these were used for a long time. It was developed independently in different locations around the world, after earthenware and before porcelain. Stoneware is not recognised as a category in traditional East Asian terminology, and much Asian stoneware, such as Chinese Ding ware for exampl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salt Glaze Pottery
Salt-glaze or salt glaze pottery is pottery, usually stoneware, with a ceramic glaze of glossy, translucent and slightly orange-peel-like texture which was formed by throwing common salt into the kiln during the higher temperature part of the firing process. Sodium from the salt reacts with silica in the clay body to form a glassy coating of sodium silicate. The glaze may be colourless or may be coloured various shades of brown (from iron oxide), blue (from cobalt oxide), or purple (from manganese oxide).''Dictionary Of Ceramics''. Arthur Dodd & David Murfin. 3rd edition. The Institute Of Minerals. 1994. Except for its use by a few studio potters, the process is obsolete. Before its demise, in the face of environmental clean air restrictions, it was last used in the production of salt-glazed sewer-pipes. The only commercial pottery in the UK currently licensed to produce salt glaze pottery is Errington Reay at Bardon Mill in Northumberland which was founded in 1878. History ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neuwied
Neuwied (, ) is a town in the north of the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate, capital of the Neuwied (district), District of Neuwied. Neuwied lies on the east bank of the Rhine, 12 km northwest of Koblenz, on the railway from Frankfurt am Main to Cologne. The town has 13 suburban administrative districts: Heimbach-Weis, Gladbach, Engers, Oberbieber, Niederbieber, Torney, Segendorf, Altwied, Block, Irlich, Feldkirchen, Heddesdorf and Rodenbach. The largest is Heimbach-Weis, with approximately 8000 inhabitants. History Near Neuwied, one of the largest Roman ''castra'' on the Rhine has been excavated by archeologists. Caesar's Rhine bridges are believed to have been built nearby. Neuwied was founded in 1653 by Count Frederick III of County of Wied, Wied, initially as a fortress on the site of the village of Langendorf, which had been destroyed in the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648). It was to serve as the new residence of the lower county, secure its only access to the Rh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Westerwald
The Westerwald (; literally 'Western forest') is a low mountain range on the right bank of the river Rhine in the States of Germany, German federal states of Rhineland-Palatinate, Hesse and North Rhine-Westphalia. It is a part of the Rhenish Massif ( or Rhenish Slate Mountains). Its highest elevation, at 657 m above sea level, is the Fuchskaute in the High Westerwald. Tourist attractions include the (394 metres), site of some Celts, Celtic ruins from La Tène culture, La Tène times (5th to 1st century BC), found in the Dornburg, Hesse, community of the same name, and Limburg an der Lahn, a town with a Middle Ages, mediaeval centre. The Geology, geologically old, heavily Erosion, eroded range of the Westerwald is in its northern parts overlaid by a Volcano, volcanic upland made of Neogene basalt layers. It covers an area of some , and therefore roughly , making the Westerwald one of Germany's biggest mountain ranges by area. In areas of subsidence, it has in its flatter w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eifel
The Eifel (; , ) is a low mountain range in western Germany, eastern Belgium and northern Luxembourg. It occupies parts of southwestern North Rhine-Westphalia, northwestern Rhineland-Palatinate and the southern area of the German-speaking Community of Belgium. The Eifel is part of the Rhenish Massif; within its northern portions lies the Eifel National Park. The Eifelian stage in geological history is named after the region because rocks of that period reach the surface in the Eifel at the Wetteldorf Richtschnitt outcrop. The inhabitants of the Eifel are known as Eiflers or Eifelers. Geography Location The Eifel lies between the cities of Aachen to the north, Trier to the south and Koblenz to the east. It descends in the northeast along a line from Aachen via Düren to Bonn into the Lower Rhine Bay. In the east and south it is bounded by the valleys of the Rhine and the Moselle. To the west it transitions in Belgium and Luxembourg into the geologically related Ardenn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dutch Reformed Church
The Dutch Reformed Church (, , abbreviated NHK ) was the largest Christian denomination in the Netherlands from the onset of the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century until 1930. It was the traditional denomination of the Dutch royal family and the foremost Protestant denomination until 2004, the year it helped found and merged into the Protestant Church in the Netherlands (the largest Protestant and second largest Christian communion in the Netherlands). It was the larger of the two major Reformed tradition, Reformed denominations, after the Reformed Churches in the Netherlands (''Gereformeerde kerk'') was founded in 1892. It spread to the United States, South Africa, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Brazil, and various other world regions through Dutch Colonial Empire, Dutch colonization. Allegiance to the Dutch Reformed Church was a common feature among Dutch immigrant communities around the world and became a Afrikaner Calvinism, crucial part of Afrikaner nationalism in South Afric ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thomas Commeraw
Thomas W. Commeraw (–1823), also known erroneously as Thomas H. Commereau, was an early 19th century Black American potter and businessman. Commeraw operated his pottery workshop in the Corlears Hook area of lower Manhattan in the from the 1790s to 1819. He was a member of the free Black community in Manhattan and was involved in local and national campaigns for abolition of slavery. In 1820 he travelled to Sierra Leone as part of the settlement of the American Colonization Society. He returned to the USA after the death of his wife during a forced relocation in the colony. His pots are in a number of major collections including the Metropolitan Museum of Art, National Museum of American History, National Museum of African American History and Culture, and Colonial Williamsburg. In 2024 the New York Historical held the first major solo exhibition about his work: ''Crafting Freedom: The Life and Legacy of Free Black Potter Thomas W. Commeraw.'' Mistaken ethnic identity and name ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
