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Jofa
The Jewish Orthodox Feminist Alliance (JOFA) is an Orthodox Jewish organization providing educational services on women's issues, with the aim of expanding "the spiritual, ritual, intellectual, and political opportunities for women within the framework of ''Halakha''." It was incorporated on April 14, 1998, with Jewish-American writer Blu Greenberg as its first president.Jewish Orthodox Feminist Alliance, Inc. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Internal Revenue Service
The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) is the revenue service for the Federal government of the United States, United States federal government, which is responsible for collecting Taxation in the United States, U.S. federal taxes and administering the Internal Revenue Code, the main body of the federal statutory tax law. It is an agency of the United States Department of the Treasury, Department of the Treasury and led by the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, who is appointed to a five-year term by the President of the United States. The duties of the IRS include providing tax assistance to taxpayers; pursuing and resolving instances of erroneous or fraudulent tax filings; and overseeing various benefits programs, including the Affordable Care Act. The IRS originates from the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, a federal office created in 1862 to assess the nation's first income tax to fund the American Civil War. The temporary measure funded over a fifth of the Union's war expens ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Niddah
A niddah (alternative forms: nidda, nida, or nidah; ''nidá''), in traditional Judaism, is a woman who has experienced a uterine discharge of blood (most commonly during menstruation), or a woman who has menstruated and not yet completed the associated requirement of immersion in a ''mikveh'' (ritual bath). In the Book of Leviticus, the Torah prohibits sexual intercourse with a ''niddah''. The prohibition has been maintained in traditional Jewish law and by the Samaritans. It has largely been rejected by adherents of Reform Judaism and other liberal branches. In rabbinic Judaism, additional stringencies and prohibitions have accumulated over time, increasing the scope of various aspects of niddah, including: duration (12-day minimum for Ashkenazim, and 11 days for Sephardim); expanding the prohibition against sex to include: sleeping in adjoining beds, any physical contact, and even passing objects to spouse; and requiring a detailed ritual purification process. Since t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jewish Religious Organizations
Jews (, , ), or the Jewish people, are an ethnoreligious group and nation, originating from the Israelites of ancient Israel and Judah. They also traditionally adhere to Judaism. Jewish ethnicity, religion, and community are highly interrelated, as Judaism is their ethnic religion, though it is not practiced by all ethnic Jews. Despite this, religious Jews regard converts to Judaism as members of the Jewish nation, pursuant to the long-standing conversion process. The Israelites emerged from the pre-existing Canaanite peoples to establish Israel and Judah in the Southern Levant during the Iron Age. John Day (2005), ''In Search of Pre-Exilic Israel'', Bloomsbury Publishing, pp. 47.5 8'In this sense, the emergence of ancient Israel is viewed not as the cause of the demise of Canaanite culture but as its upshot'. Originally, Jews referred to the inhabitants of the kingdom of JudahCf. Marcus Jastrow's ''Dictionary of the Targumim, Talmud Babli, Talmud Yerushalmi and Mid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chochmat Nashim
Chochmat Nashim (Hebrew: ) is an Israeli organisation that promotes women's rights in the Orthodox Jewish community in Israel and the United States. Their work aims to raise awareness of trends and policies within Orthodoxy that might harm women and girls. The group's activities include the establishment of a photo bank which includes the images of Orthodox women, and the use of satirical publications which mimic Jewish Torah study aimed at educating Orthodox men about the unequal treatment of Jewish women in religious divorce proceedings. Activities The work of Chochmat Nashim focuses on contemporary social issues facing Orthodox Jewish women including divorce refusal under Jewish law and the erasure of women from public spaces in Israel. The group also promotes public health information campaigns to inform Haredi women of breast cancer treatments. The group hosts a regular podcast on a range of topics featuring the Rachel Stomel, Anne Gordon, and the group's co-founder, Sh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Women In Judaism
Women in Judaism have affected the course of Judaism over millennia. Their role is reflected in the Hebrew Bible, the Oral Law (the corpus of rabbinic literature), by custom, and by cultural factors. Although the Hebrew Bible and rabbinic literature present various female role models, religious law treats women in specific ways. According to a 2017 study by the Pew Research Center, women account for 52% of the worldwide Jewish population. Gender has a bearing on familial lines: in traditional Rabbinic Judaism, Jewish affiliation is passed down through the mother, although the father's name is used to describe sons and daughters in the Torah and in traditional Hebrew names, e. g., "Dinah, daughter of Jacob". A growing movement advocates for increased inclusion of women in positions such as rabbis, cantors, and communal leaders. This challenges historic practices. Perspectives on women's roles evolved over time due to discussion and reinterpretation of religious texts. Lev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shira Hadasha
Shira Hadasha () is a Modern Orthodox Jewish congregation and Synagogue, located at 12 Emek Refaim, in the German Colony neighbourhood of Jerusalem, Israel. The congregation emphasizes a more expansive role for women in the synagogue. It was founded in 2002 by a group of local residents, including Tova Hartman. Shira Hadasha's prayer service format has been adopted by a number of congregations in Israel, the United States, Canada, Europe, and Australia. Practices Shira Hadasha was the first Jewish congregation to implement the ''Halakhic'' opinions of Rabbis Mendel Shapiro and Daniel Sperber on the role of women in the synagogue. The congregation combines a traditional liturgy with certain prayer leadership opportunities for women, including leading ''Kabbalat Shabbat'', reciting ''Pesukei DeZimra'', removing and replacing the Torah in the Ark, and reading the Torah on Saturday mornings. A ''mechitza'' separating men and women runs down the middle of the room. Parts of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Partnership Minyan
Partnership minyan (pl. partnership minyanim) is a religious Jewish prayer group that seeks to maximize women's participation in services within the confines of Jewish law as understood by Orthodox Judaism. This includes enabling women to lead parts of service, read from the Torah, serve in lay leadership positions, sit in a more gender-balanced format, and in some cases count as part of a minyan ("quorum") of ten men and ten women. Partnership minyanim began in 2002 simultaneously in New York and Jerusalem, and have now spread to over 30 communities in at least five countries around the world. Definition The Jewish Orthodox Feminist Alliance (JOFA) defines a partnership minyan as: : prayer group that is both committed to maintaining halakhic standards and practices and also committed to including women in ritual leadership roles to the fullest extent possible within the boundaries of Jewish Law. This means that the minyan is made up of 10 men, men and women are separated by a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kolech
Kolech (), also known as Kolech: Religious Women's Forum (), is an Israeli women's organization associated with Orthodox Judaism. The group's stance is aligned with Orthodox Jewish feminism and religious Zionism. Founding The group was established in 1998, and it describes its mission as advancing the status and rights of Jewish women in the areas of religious law, leadership, and community life. The group's founder was Chana Kehat, a history and Jewish studies professor, who led the group from 1998 to 2004. The group was founded after Kehat attended the inaugural conference of Jewish Orthodox Feminist Alliance (JOFA) based in the United States (founded by Blu Greenberg in 1997). Other leadership associated with the group include Yael Rockman, an attorney, who served as Kolech Executive Director from 2015 until 2020. The organization is currently led by Efrat Shapira-Rosenberg, the granddaughter of Rabbi Shlomo Goren, a religious Zionist leader and former Chief Rabbi of Isr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orthodox Jewish Feminism
Orthodox Jewish feminism (also known as Orthodox feminism amongst Jews) is a movement in Orthodox Judaism which seeks to further the cause of a more egalitarian approach to Jewish practice within the bounds of Jewish Law. The major organizations of this movement is the Jewish Orthodox Feminist Alliance (JOFA) in North America, and Women of the Wall (WOW) and its affiliates in Israel and internationally, known as The International Committee for Women of the Wall (ICWOW). In Israel, the leading Orthodox feminist organization is Kolech, founded by Dr. Chana Kehat. In Australia, there is one Orthodox partnership minyan, Shira Hadasha, in Melbourne. The movement relies on liberal interpretations of Jewish Law, by both modern and classical rabbinic scholars, taking advantage of the lack of universal consensus on legal interpretations amongst rabbis in different eras. In 2016, Lila Kagedan officially became the first female Orthodox rabbi, while serving in Melbourne, Australia. L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Torah Judaism
Torah Judaism refers to schools of thought in Judaism perceived to be most adherent to the Torah and ''mitzvot.'' The term is often used by Orthodox Jewish groups to refer to their own system of beliefs. These ''mitzvot'' include both the biblical and rabbinic ''mitzvot''. The phrase ''Torah Judaism'' implies a belief and practice of Judaism that is based on the inclusion of the entire Tanakh and Talmud, as well as later rabbinic authorities, as sources of conducting oneself in life, and on the premise that the Torah emanates directly from God, as revealed at biblical Mount Sinai. The term "Torah Judaism" is consciously intended to label non-Orthodox Jewish religious movements as being divorced from the Torah. Torah Judaism is also an ideological concept used by many Orthodox thinkers to describe their movement as the sole Jewish denomination faithful to traditional Jewish values. Followers of Torah Judaism may also follow the ''Da'as Torah'', i.e., the guidelines of rabbis or ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yeshivat Maharat
Yeshivat Maharat is a Jewish educational institution in The Bronx, New York, which is the first Orthodox-affiliated yeshiva in North America to ordain women. The word ''Maharat'' () is a Hebrew acronym for phrase ''manhiga hilkhatit rukhanit Toranit'' (), denoting a female "leader of Jewish law spirituality and Torah." Semikha is awarded to graduates after a 3- or 4-year-long program composed of intensive studies of Jewish law, Talmud, Torah, Jewish thought, leadership training, and pastoral counseling. The ordination functions as a credentialed, albeit controversial, pathway for women in the Orthodox Jewish community to serve as clergy members. History In 2009, Rabbi Avi Weiss and Rabbi Daniel Sperber ordained Rabba Sara Hurwitz. She was the first woman to receive Orthodox-affiliated semikha. That same year, Hurwitz and Weiss founded Yeshivat Maharat with the intent to be an Orthodox rabbinical school for women in New York, with Hurwitz as President. Four years later, the firs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
