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Joche Albert Ly
Brother Joche Albert Ly (8 February 1910 – 21 April 1951), also known as Andrew Ly, was a Chinese Marist Brother born in Hejian (Hokienfu), Hebei, and was martyred in Xichang (Sichang), Sichuan, China by members of the People's Liberation Army (PLA) for denouncing Communism. Early life and Brotherhood Joche Albert was born to a Christian family, and upon baptism was given the name "Andrew". He entered the Marist Brothers juniorate in Beijing in 1921. He went on to make his first vows in 1931, and his perpetual profession in 1935, whereupon he took the name ''Joche Albert''. Then, from 1940 to 1944, he studied at Fu Jen Catholic University, where he was a keen student of Chinese literature, while in his free time he would study both French and English until he mastered them both. Living under the PLA He then moved to Yantai (Chefoo), where he enjoyed teaching Science until the PLA conquered that city, forcing him to study Marxism in the makeshift university of Laiyang. In Marc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a prominent role in the history and development of Western civilization. O'Collins, p. v (preface). The church consists of 24 ''sui iuris'' churches, including the Latin Church and 23 Eastern Catholic Churches, which comprise almost 3,500 dioceses and eparchies located around the world. The pope, who is the bishop of Rome, is the chief pastor of the church. The bishopric of Rome, known as the Holy See, is the central governing authority of the church. The administrative body of the Holy See, the Roman Curia, has its principal offices in Vatican City, a small enclave of the Italian city of Rome, of which the pope is head of state. The core beliefs of Catholicism are found in the Nicene Creed. The Catholic Church teaches that it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhongba County
Drongpa County or Zhongba County (; ) is a county of Shigatse Prefecture in China's Tibet Autonomous Region. Located in the western part of Central Tibet (sometimes referred to as "western Tibet"), it is the birthplace of the Tsangpo River (Brahmaputra). Zhongba is said to mean "place of wild yaks" in Tibetan. The county seat is at Labrang, which is also called the "Drongpa Township". Geography Drongpa County is the largest county in the Shigatse Prefecture by geographical area. It has a population of approximately 18,000 and covers 43,594 square kilometers. It is prone to earthquakes and suffered a large one, 6.8 on the Richter scale, on 30 August 2008. Although the temblor left a north-south crack at the epicenter located at 31° north and 83.6° east, and houses were damaged and roads blocked by falling rocks, there were no reported injuries. The county is dotted with lakes such as Taro Tso, Nganglha Ringtso and Rinchen Shubtso. Drongpa County shares the Tibet Autono ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christianity In Hebei
Christianity is a minority in Hebei province of China. The Shouters are present in the province. China has persecution of Christians. A significant minority of the Catholics of China is in Hebei. Bishop Yao Liang was from Hebei. Guo Jincai has been made a bishop of Chengde in Hebei without consent of the pope. Roman Catholic bishop Jia Zhiguo was arrested in 2008. Catholic bishops Su Zhimin and Shi Enxiang from Hebei have been sent to prison by 2010. Beifang Jinde is a charitable Catholic institution in Shijiazhuang. Roman Catholic dioceses with seat in Hebei * Roman Catholic Diocese of Anguo * Roman Catholic Diocese of Baoding *Roman Catholic Diocese of Chengde *Roman Catholic Diocese of Daming *Roman Catholic Diocese of Jingxian * Roman Catholic Diocese of Xianxian * Roman Catholic Diocese of Xuanhua * Roman Catholic Diocese of Yongnian *Roman Catholic Diocese of Zhaoxian * Roman Catholic Diocese of Zhengding References {{Reflist See also * Mentuhui *Spirit Church *Chris ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Martyrs
Chinese Martyrs ( zh, t=中華殉道聖人, s=中华圣烈士, first=t, w=Chung1-hua2 shêng4-lieh4-shih4, p=Zhōnghuá shéng lièshì) is the name given to a number of members of the Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church who were killed in China during the 19th and early 20th centuries. They are celebrated as martyrs by their respective churches. Most were Chinese laity, but others were missionaries from various other countries; many of them died during the Boxer Rebellion. Eastern Orthodox The Eastern Orthodox Church recognizes 222 Orthodox Christians who died during the Boxer Rebellion as "Holy Martyrs of China". On the evening of 11 June 1900 leaflets were posted in the streets, calling for the massacre of the Christians and threatening anyone who would dare to shelter them with death. They were mostly members of the Chinese Orthodox Church, which had been under the guidance of the Russian Orthodox since the 17th century and maintained close relations with th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spanish Redemptorist Missions In Sichuan
The Spanish Redemptorist missions in Sichuan were Catholic missions carried out by Spaniards, Spanish Missionary, missionaries of the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer (Redemptorists) between 1934 and 1952 in Sichuan (formerly romanised as ''Szechuan''), a province located in southwestern China. The Mission of Sichuan was the first permanent foundation of the Redemptorists in that country, whose missionary area was in the Apostolic vicariate, Apostolic Vicariates of Roman Catholic Diocese of Chengdu, Chengtu and Roman Catholic Diocese of Ningyuan, Ningyüanfu. Background In the 1920s, Pope Pius XI invited the Redemptorists to help Celso Benigno Luigi Costantini, Celso Costantini with the founding of the Congregatio Discipulorum Domini, Congregation of the Disciples of the Lord for the Apostolic Vicariate of Süanhwafu (now Roman Catholic Diocese of Xuanhua, Diocese of Xuanhua) in Hebei province. The charge was entrusted to the Redemptorist Province of Spain (), and conseque ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Angelus
The Angelus (; Latin for "angel") is a Catholic devotion commemorating the Incarnation of Christ. As with many Catholic prayers, the name ''Angelus'' is derived from its incipit—the first few words of the text: ("The Angel of the Lord declared unto Mary"). The devotion is practiced by reciting as versicle and response three Biblical verses narrating the mystery, alternating with the prayer " Hail Mary". The Angelus exemplifies a species of prayers called the "prayer of the devotee".''Prayer: a history'' by Philip Zaleski, 2005 p. 128 The devotion is traditionally recited in Roman Catholic churches, convents, monasteries and by the faithful three times a day: in the morning, at noon and in the evening (usually just before or after Vespers). The devotion is also observed by some Anglican, Western Rite Orthodox, and Lutheran churches. The Angelus is usually accompanied by the ringing of the Angelus bell, which is a call to prayer and to spread goodwill to everyone. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holy Communion
The Eucharist (; from Greek , , ), also known as Holy Communion and the Lord's Supper, is a Christian rite that is considered a sacrament in most churches, and as an Ordinance (Christianity), ordinance in others. According to the New Testament, the rite was instituted by Jesus Christ during the Last Supper; giving his Disciple (Christianity), disciples bread and wine during a Passover meal, he commanded them to "do this in memory of me" while referring to the bread as "my body" and the cup of wine as "the blood of my covenant, which is poured out for many". The elements of the Eucharist, sacramental bread (Leavened bread, leavened or Unleavened bread, unleavened) and sacramental wine, wine (or non-alcoholic grape juice), are consecrated on an altar or a communion table and consumed thereafter, usually on Sundays. Communicants, those who consume the elements, may speak of "receiving the Eucharist" as well as "celebrating the Eucharist". Christians generally recognize a special ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Religious Habit
A religious habit is a distinctive set of religious clothing worn by members of a religious order. Traditionally some plain garb recognizable as a religious habit has also been worn by those leading the religious eremitic and anchoritic life, although in their case without conformity to a particular uniform style. Uniformity and distinctiveness by order often evolved and changed over time. Interpretation of terms for clothes in religious rules could change over centuries. Furthermore, every time new communities gained importance in a cultural area the need for visual separation increased for new as well as old communities. Thus, modern habits are rooted in historic forms, but do not necessarily resemble them in cut, colour, material, detail or use. In Christian monastic orders of the Catholic, Lutheran and Anglican Churches, the habit often consists of a tunic covered by a scapular and cowl, with a hood for monks or friars and a veil for nuns; in apostolic orders it may ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protestantism In Sichuan
The Protestant mission began in the Chinese province of Sichuan (formerly romanized as Szechwan, Szechuan, or Ssuchuan; also referred to as "West China" or "Western China") in 1877, when premises were rented by the China Inland Mission in Chungking. However, it grew rather slowly, it was not until the late 1980s that Protestantism experienced rapid growth. The two largest denominations in the province before 1949 were Anglicanism and Methodism. History 19th century Previous to the year 1868, the Protestant Churches of Europe and North America knew little or nothing about the province of Sichuan located in western China. The first Protestant missionaries to visit the province were Griffith John of the London Missionary Society (LMS) and Alexander Wylie of the British and Foreign Bible Society (BFBS). However, this journey did not attempt to establish mission stations in any of the many cities or towns visited. Griffith John's report of the journey was undoubtedly instrumen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catholic Patriotic Association
The Catholic Patriotic Association (), abbreviated CPA, is a state-sanctioned organization of Catholicism in the People's Republic of China. It was established in 1957 after a group of Chinese Catholics met in Beijing with officials from the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the Religious Affairs Bureau. It is the main organizational body of Catholics in China officially recognized by the Chinese government. It is not recognized by the Vatican. The organization is overseen by the CCP's United Front Work Department (UFWD) following the State Administration for Religious Affairs' absorption into the UFWD in 2018. The CPA does not oversee Catholics in Macau and Hong Kong. History After the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the Chinese Communist Party sought for ways to bring religions in alignment with the communist cause. While all religions were seen as superstitious, Christianity had the added challenge of being foreign. Efforts were made by Chinese ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Three-self Formula
The three-self formula or three-self principle is a missiological strategy to establish indigenous churches. Its principles are: self-governance, self-support (i.e., financial independence from foreigners), and self-propagation (i.e., indigenous missionary work). It was first coined in the late-19th century by various missions theorists, and is still used today in certain contexts such as in the Three-Self Patriotic Movement in mainland China. History The three principles of self-governance, self-support (i.e., financial independence from foreigners), and self-propagation (i.e., indigenous missionary work) were first articulated by Henry Venn, General Secretary of the Church Missionary Society from 1841 to 1873, and Rufus Anderson, foreign secretary of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. The "Nevius Method," named for John Livingstone Nevius, a missionary to China and Korea, developed the three-self principle of Venn and Anderson into a plan for establ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catholic Action
Catholic Action is the name of groups of lay Catholics who advocate for increased Catholic influence on society. They were especially active in the nineteenth century in historically Catholic countries under anti-clerical regimes such as Spain, Italy, Bavaria, France, and Belgium. In 1934, Adolf Hitler ordered the murder of Erich Klausener, head of a Catholic Action group in Nazi Germany, during the Night of the Long Knives. Catholic Action is not a political party in and of itself; however, in many times and places, the distinction between a lay organization of the faithful and a political movement has blurred. Since World War II the concept has often been supplanted by Christian Democrat parties that were organised to combat Communist parties and promote Catholic social justice principles in places such as Italy and West Germany. Catholic Action generally includes various subgroups for youth, women, workers, etc. In the postwar period, the various national Catholic Acti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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