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Joan Donoghue
Joan E. Donoghue (born December 12, 1956) is an American lawyer, international legal scholar, former U.S. State Department official, and former president of the International Court of Justice (ICJ). She was first elected to the court in 2010, re-elected in 2014, and elected by the ICJ judges to be president of the ICJ in 2021.International Court of Justice biography . Accessed December 4, 2010. She was the third woman to be elected to the ICJ and the first American woman elected as president of the court. Education and career Donoghue graduated from the , with honors deg ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
President Of The International Court Of Justice
The International Court of Justice (ICJ; , CIJ), or colloquially the World Court, is the only international court that adjudicates general disputes between nations, and gives advisory opinions on international legal issues as interpretation of international treaties, borders disputes and human rights cases. It is one of the six organs of the United Nations (UN), and is located in The Hague, Netherlands. The ability to file a case before the ICJ is limited exclusively to recognized governments of states. The ICJ is the successor of the Permanent Court of International Justice (PCIJ), which was established in 1920 by the League of Nations. After the Second World War, the League and the PCIJ were replaced by the United Nations and ICJ, respectively. The Statute of the ICJ, which sets forth its purpose and structure, draws heavily from that of its predecessor, whose decisions remain valid. All member states of the UN are party to the ICJ Statute and may initiate contentiou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of California, Berkeley School Of Law
The University of California, Berkeley School of Law (Berkeley Law) is the law school of the University of California, Berkeley. The school was commonly referred to as "Boalt Hall" for many years, although it was never the official name. This came from its initial building, the Boalt Memorial Hall of Law, named for John Henry Boalt. This name was transferred to an entirely new law school building in 1951 but was removed in 2020. In 2019, 98 percent of graduates obtained full-time employment within nine months, with a median salary of $190,000. Of all the law schools in California, Berkeley had the highest bar passage rates in 2021 (95.5%) and 2022 (92.2%). The school offers J.D., LL.M., J.S.D. and Ph.D. degrees, and enrolls approximately 320 to 330 J.D. students in each entering class, annually, with each class being further broken down into smaller groups that take courses together. Berkeley Law alumni include notable federal judges, politicians, Fortune 500 executives, not ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chagos Archipelago Sovereignty Dispute
Sovereignty over the Chagos Archipelago was disputed between Mauritius and the United Kingdom. Mauritius has repeatedly claimed the Chagos Archipelago as part of its territory and that the British claim is a violation of United Nations resolutions banning the dismemberment of colonial territories before independence. Given the absence of any progress with the UK, Mauritius took up the matter at various legal and political forums. Between 1967 and 1973, the entire population of the Chagos Archipelago was either prevented from returning or forcibly removed by the United Kingdom. The main forcible removal of Diego Garcia’s population took place in July and September 1971. On 18 March 2015, the Permanent Court of Arbitration unanimously held that the Chagos Marine Protected Area, marine protected area (MPA) which the United Kingdom declared around the Chagos Archipelago in April 2010 was created in violation of international law. The UK had argued that those undertakings were not bi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Legal Consequences Of The Separation Of The Chagos Archipelago From Mauritius In 1965
The Legal Consequences of the Separation of the Chagos Archipelago from Mauritius in 1965 is an advisory opinion issued by the International Court of Justice (ICJ) on the Chagos Archipelago sovereignty dispute in response to a request from the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA). In a 13–1 ruling (with only Judge Joan Donoghue dissenting), the Court deemed the United Kingdom's separation of the Chagos Islands from the rest of Mauritius in 1965, when both were colonial territories, to be unlawful and found that the United Kingdom is obliged to end "its administration of the Chagos Islands as rapidly as possible." Request On 23 June 2017, the UNGA voted in favour of referring the territorial dispute between Mauritius and the UK to the ICJ in order to clarify the legal status of the Chagos Islands archipelago in the Indian Ocean. The motion was approved by a majority vote with 94 voting for and 15 against. Aftermath On 22 May 2019, the UNGA voted 116 to 6 (Australia, Hungar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Court Of Justice Judges Election, 2014
The 2014 International Court of Justice election began on 6 November 2014 at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. In the set of triennial elections, the General Assembly and the Security Council concurrently elect five judges to the Court for nine-year terms, in this case beginning on 6 February 2015. Background The International Court of Justice (ICJ), based in The Hague, is one of the principal organs of the United Nations. Also known as the World Court, it adjudicates legal disputes between states, and provides advisory opinions on legal questions submitted by other UN organs or agencies. The court consists of 15 judges, with five judges elected every three years. (In the case of death or other vacancy, a judge is elected for the remainder of the term.) Judges are required to be independent and impartial; they may not exercise any political or administrative function, and do not act as a representative of their home state. Elections of members of the Court are gover ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Permanent Court Of Arbitration
The Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) is an intergovernmental organization headquartered at the Peace Palace, in The Hague, Netherlands. Unlike a judicial court in the traditional sense, the PCA provides administrative support in international arbitrations involving various combinations of States, State entities, international organizations and private parties. The cases span a range of legal issues involving territorial and maritime boundary, maritime boundaries, sovereignty, human rights, international investment, and international and regional trade. The PCA is constituted through two separate multilateral conventions with a combined membership of 125 Contracting Parties. The PCA is not a United Nations agency, but has been a United Nations observer since 1993. The PCA was established by the Convention for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes, concluded at The Hague in 1899 during the first Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907, Hague Peace Conference of 1899. The Co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hilary Charlesworth
Hilary Christiane Mary Charlesworth (born 28 February 1955) is an Australian international lawyer. She has been a Judge of the International Court of Justice since 5 November 2021, and is Harrison Moore Professor of Law and Melbourne Laureate Professor at the University of Melbourne, and Distinguished Professor at the Australian National University. Education and career Charlesworth holds degrees from Melbourne and Harvard Law Schools, and is a barrister and solicitor of the Supreme Court of Victoria. She has served as editorial board member of many legal publications, including the American Journal of International Law, Melbourne University Law Review and the Asian Journal of International Law. In addition to her academic appointments, she is active in civil society organisations. In 2011, she was appointed as an ad hoc judge of the International Court of Justice in the ''Whaling in the Antarctic Case (Australia v. Japan)''. In 2020, Guyana appointed Charlesworth as an a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Julia Sebutinde
Julia Sebutinde (born 28 February 1954) is a Ugandan jurist. She is currently serving her second term on the International Court of Justice (ICJ) following her re-election on 12 November 2020. She also is the current chancellor of Muteesa I Royal University, a university owned by Buganda kingdom. She has been a judge on the court since March 2012. She is the first African woman to sit on the ICJ. Before being elected to the ICJ, Sebutinde was a judge of the Special Court for Sierra Leone. She was appointed to that position in 2007. On 6 February 2024, Julia Sebutinde was elected Vice-President of the International Court of Justice. On 14 January 2025, she became the acting president upon president Nawaf Salam's resignation in accordance with the acting line of succession until Yuji Iwasawa's election as president on 3 March 2025. Background Sebutinde was born in February 1954 in Kampala, Uganda, to a civil servant and a housewife with the Semambo surname. She attended the L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xue Hanqin
Xue Hanqin (; born 15 September 1955) is a Chinese jurist at the International Court of Justice. On 29 June 2010, she was elected to fill the vacancy created by Shi Jiuyong's resignation on 28 May 2010. She is one of four female judges serving on the International Court of Justice (ICJ). Xue is the fifth Chinese judge at the ICJ, and the third representing the People's Republic of China (see Judges of the International Court of Justice). As Xue was re-elected to the Court in 2011 and 2020, her term will expire on 5 February 2030. On the 6 February 2018, Xue was elected Vice President of the International Court of Justice for a three-year term. Education Xue Hanqin received a Bachelor of Arts from Beijing Foreign Studies University in 1980 and a graduate diploma in international law from Peking University in 1982. She received a Master of Laws and a Doctor of the Science of Law from Columbia Law School in 1983 and 1995, respectively. Career From 1980 to 2003, Xue served in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Statute Of The International Court Of Justice
The Statute of the International Court of Justice is an integral part of the United Nations Charter, as specified by Chapter XIV of the United Nations Charter, which established the International Court of Justice (replacing the Permanent Court of International Justice). Structure The Statute is divided into 5 chapters and consists of 70 articles. The Statute begins with Article 1 proclaiming: The 69 Articles are grouped in 5 Chapters: *Chapter I: Organization of the Court (Articles 2 - 33) *Chapter II: Competence of the Court (Articles 34 - 38) *Chapter III: Procedure (Articles 39 - 64) *Chapter IV: Advisory Opinions (Articles 65 - 68) *Chapter V: Amendment (Articles 69 & 70) Article 38.1 lists sources that the court may apply to decide a case, including: treaties, customary international law, general principles of law, and (as subsidiary means) judicial decisions and academic writing. These sources are qualified by Article 59 which states that ICJ decisions are binding ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Court Of Justice
The International Court of Justice (ICJ; , CIJ), or colloquially the World Court, is the only international court that Adjudication, adjudicates general disputes between nations, and gives advisory opinions on International law, international legal issues as interpretation of international treaties, borders disputes and human rights cases. It is one of the United Nations System#Six principal organs, six organs of the United Nations (UN), and is located in The Hague, Netherlands. The ability to file a case before the ICJ is limited exclusively to recognized governments of states. The ICJ is the successor of the Permanent Court of International Justice (PCIJ), which was established in 1920 by the League of Nations. After the World War II, Second World War, the League and the PCIJ were replaced by the United Nations and ICJ, respectively. The Statute of the ICJ, which sets forth its purpose and structure, draws heavily from that of its predecessor, whose decisions remain valid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States Department Of State
The United States Department of State (DOS), or simply the State Department, is an United States federal executive departments, executive department of the U.S. federal government responsible for the country's foreign policy of the United States, foreign policy and foreign relations of the United States, relations. Equivalent to the ministry of foreign affairs of other nations, its primary duties are advising the U.S. president on international relations, administering List of diplomatic missions of the United States, diplomatic missions, negotiating international treaties and agreements, protecting citizens abroad and representing the U.S. at the United Nations. The department is headquartered in the Harry S Truman Building, a few blocks from the White House, in the Foggy Bottom, Washington, D.C., Foggy Bottom neighborhood of Washington, D.C.; "Foggy Bottom" is thus sometimes used as a metonym. Established in 1789 as the first administrative arm of the U.S. executive branch, th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
