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Joachimites
The Joachimites, also known as Joachites, a millenarian group, arose from the Franciscans in the thirteenth century. They based their ideas on the prior works of Joachim of Fiore (c. 1135 – 1202), though rejecting the Church of their day more strongly than he had. Joachimite beliefs were condemned by the Fourth Council of the Lateran and Joachimite interpretations became popular during the Protestant Reformation, and even influenced some Protestant interpretations. He also divided history into three ages: the ages of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. Beliefs of Joachim Joachim of Fiore believed in a historicist interpretation of eschatology, and mysticism. Joachim's works divide history into three ages. The first age was of the Father. The age of the Father was the age of the Old Covenant. The second age was of the Son and therefore the world of Christianity. The third and final age would be that of the Holy Spirit. In this new age an "Eternal Gospel" would be reveal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joachim Of Fiore
Joachim of Fiore, also known as Joachim of Flora (; ; 1135 – 30 March 1202), was an Italian Christian theologian, Catholic abbot, and the founder of the monastic order of San Giovanni in Fiore. According to theologian Bernard McGinn, "Joachim of Fiore is the most important apocalyptic thinker of the whole medieval period." The ''Divine Comedy'' of Dante Alighieri is one of the most famous works possibly inspired by his ideas. Later followers, inspired by his works in Christian eschatology and historicist theories, are called Joachimites. Biography Born in the small village of Celico near Cosenza, in Calabria (at the time part of the Kingdom of Sicily), Joachim was the son of Mauro de Celico, a well-placed notary, and Gemma, his wife. He was educated at Cosenza, where he became first a clerk in the courts, and then a notary himself. In 1166–1167 he worked for Stephen du Perche, archbishop of Palermo (c. 1167–1168) and counsellor of Margaret of Navarre, regent for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fourth Council Of The Lateran
The Fourth Council of the Lateran or Lateran IV was convoked by Pope Innocent III in April 1213 and opened at the Lateran Palace in Rome on 11 November 1215. Due to the great length of time between the council's convocation and its meeting, many bishops had the opportunity to attend this council, which is considered by the Catholic Church to be the twelfth ecumenical council. The council addressed a number of issues, including the sacraments, the role of the laity, the treatment of Jews and heretics, and the organization of the church. The decree mandating annual confession has been called "pehaps the most important legislative act in the history of the church." In the case of Jews and Muslims, this included compelling them to wear distinctive badges to prevent social contact "through error". The council is viewed by medievalists as both opening up many reforms, and as formalising and enforcing intolerance in European society, both to heretics and Jews, and thus playing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Historicism (Christianity)
In Christian eschatology, historicism is a method of interpretation of Biblical prophecy, biblical prophecies which associates symbols with historical persons, nations or events. The main primary texts of interest to Christian historicists include apocalyptic literature, such as the Book of Daniel and the Book of Revelation. It sees the prophecy, prophecies of Daniel as being fulfilled throughout history, extending from the past through the present to the future. It is sometimes called the continuous historical view. Commentators have also applied historicist methods to ancient Jewish history, to the Roman Empire, to Islam, to the History of the papacy, Papacy, to the Modern era, and to the Eschatology, end time. The historicist method starts with Daniel 2 and works progressively through consecutive prophecies of the book—chapters Daniel 7, 7, Daniel 8, 8 and Daniel 11, 11—resulting in a view of Daniel's prophecies very different from preterism and Futurism (Christianity), futu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gioacchino Da Fiore, Miniatura Sec
Gioacchino is a masculine Italian given name, equivalent to the English Joachim. Notable people with the name include: * Gioacchino Assereto (1600–1649), Italian painter * Gioacchino Cocchi (1720–1804), Italian composer * Gioacchino Colombo (1903–1988), Italian automobile engine designer * Gioacchino Conti (1714–1761), Italian soprano castrato opera singer * Gioacchino La Barbera (born 1959), member of the Mafia who became a pentito * Gioacchino La Lomia (1831–1905), priest of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin, a missionary and a preacher * Gioacchino Livigni, tenor opera singer * Gioacchino Navarro (1748–1813), the Conventional Parish Priest of the Order of St. John, Malta * Gioacchino Pecci (1810–1903), Italian pope * Gioacchino Prati (1790–1863), Italian revolutionary and patriot * Gioacchino Toma Gioacchino Toma (24 January 1836 12 January 1891) was an Italian art instructor and painter, noted primarily for historic, realistic and Genre painting, g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heresy
Heresy is any belief or theory that is strongly at variance with established beliefs or customs, particularly the accepted beliefs or religious law of a religious organization. A heretic is a proponent of heresy. Heresy in Heresy in Christianity, Christianity, Heresy in Judaism, Judaism, and Bid‘ah, Islam has at times been met with censure ranging from excommunication to the death penalty. Heresy is distinct from apostasy, which is the explicit renunciation of one's religion, principles or cause; and from blasphemy, which is an impious utterance or action concerning God or sacred things. Heresiology is the study of heresy. Etymology Derived from Ancient Greek ''haíresis'' (), the English ''heresy'' originally meant "choice" or "thing chosen". However, it came to mean the "party, or school, of a man's choice", and also referred to that process whereby a young person would examine various philosophies to determine how to live. The word ''heresy'' is usually used within a C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Premillennialism
Premillennialism, in Christian eschatology, is the belief that Jesus will physically return to the Earth (the Second Coming) before the Millennium, heralding a literal thousand-year messianic age of peace. Premillennialism is based upon a literal interpretation of Revelation 20 () in the New Testament, which describes Jesus's reign in a period of a thousand years. Premillennialism is in contrast to amillennialism and postmillennialism beliefs. Amillennialism interprets as pertaining to the present time, and holds that Christ currently reigns in Heaven with the departed saints. This interpretation views the symbolism of Revelation as referring to a spiritual conflict between Heaven and Hell rather than a physical conflict on Earth. Amillennialists do not view the thousand years mentioned in Revelation as a literal thousand years, but see the number "thousand" as symbolic and numerological and see the kingdom of Christ as already present in the church beginning with the Pe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trinity
The Trinity (, from 'threefold') is the Christian doctrine concerning the nature of God, which defines one God existing in three, , consubstantial divine persons: God the Father, God the Son (Jesus Christ) and God the Holy Spirit, three distinct persons ('' hypostases'') sharing one essence/substance/nature ('' homoousion''). As the Fourth Lateran Council declared, it is the Father who s, the Son who is , and the Holy Spirit who proceeds. In this context, one essence/nature defines God is, while the three persons define God is. This expresses at once their distinction and their indissoluble unity. Thus, the entire process of creation and grace is viewed as a single shared action of the three divine persons, in which each person manifests the attributes unique to them in the Trinity, thereby proving that everything comes "from the Father", "through the Son", and "in the Holy Spirit". This doctrine is called Trinitarianism, and its adherents are called Trinitarians, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peter Lombard
Peter Lombard (also Peter the Lombard, Pierre Lombard or Petrus Lombardus; 1096 – 21/22 August 1160) was an Italian scholasticism, scholastic theologian, Bishop of Paris, and author of ''Sentences, Four Books of Sentences'' which became the standard textbook of theology, for which he earned the scholastic accolade, accolade ''Magister Sententiarum''. Biography Early years Peter Lombard was born in Lumellogno (then a rural commune, now a ''quartiere'' of Novara, Piedmont), in northwestern Italy, to a poor family. His date of birth was likely between 1095 and 1100. His education most likely began in Italy at the cathedral schools of Novara Cathedral, Novara and Lucca and at the University of Bologna. The patronage of Odo of Lucca, Odo, bishop of Lucca, who recommended him to Bernard of Clairvaux, allowed him to leave Italy and further his studies at Reims and Paris. Lombard studied first in the cathedral school at Reims, where Magister Alberich and Lutolph of Novara were teach ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Celestine V
Celestine is a given name and a surname. People Given name * Pope Celestine I (died 432) * Pope Celestine II (died 1144) * Pope Celestine III (c. 1106–1198) * Pope Celestine IV (died 1241) * Pope Celestine V (1215–1296) * Antipope Celestine II, antipope for one day: December 16, 1124 * Celestine Babayaro (born 1978), Nigerian former footballer * Celestine Damiano (1911-1967), American Roman Catholic prelate * Célestine Galli-Marié (1840–1905), French mezzo-soprano who created the title role in the opera ''Carmen'' * Célestine Guynemer de la Hailandière (1798–1882), French-born American Roman Catholic prelate * Celestine Tate Harrington (1956–1998), quadriplegic street musician known for playing the keyboard with her lips and tongue * Célestine N'Drin (born 1963), Côte d'Ivoire runner who specialized in the 400 and 800 metres * Celestine Omehia (born 1959), Nigerian politician * Celestine Sibley (1914–1999), Southern American au ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dante Alighieri
Dante Alighieri (; most likely baptized Durante di Alighiero degli Alighieri; – September 14, 1321), widely known mononymously as Dante, was an Italian Italian poetry, poet, writer, and philosopher. His ''Divine Comedy'', originally called (modern Italian: ) and later christened by Giovanni Boccaccio, is widely considered one of the most important poems of the Middle Ages and the greatest literary work in the Italian language. Dante chose to write in the vernacular, specifically, his own Tuscan dialect, at a time when much literature was still written in Latin, which was accessible only to educated readers, and many of his fellow Italian poets wrote in French or Provençal dialect, Provençal. His ' (''On Eloquence in the Vernacular'') was one of the first scholarly defenses of the vernacular. His use of the Florentine dialect for works such as ''La Vita Nuova, The New Life'' (1295) and ''Divine Comedy'' helped establish the modern-day standardized Italian language. His wo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Simon Studion, 010
Simon may refer to: People * Simon (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters with the given name Simon * Simon (surname), including a list of people with the surname Simon * Eugène Simon, French naturalist and the genus authority ''Simon'' * Tribe of Simeon, one of the twelve tribes of Israel Places * Şimon (), a village in Bran Commune, Braşov County, Romania * Șimon, a right tributary of the river Turcu in Romania Arts, entertainment, and media Films * ''Simon'' (1980 film), starring Alan Arkin * ''Simon'' (2004 film), Dutch drama directed by Eddy Terstall * ''Simón'' (2018 film), Venezuelan short film directed by Diego Vicentini * ''Simón'' (2023 film), Venezuelan feature film directed by Diego Vicentini Games * ''Simon'' (game), a popular computer game * Simon Says, children's game Literature * ''Simon'' (Sutcliff novel), a children's historical novel written by Rosemary Sutcliff * Simon (Sand novel), an 1835 novel by George Sand * ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fraticelli
The ''Fraticelli'' (Italian language, Italian for “Little Brethren”) or Spiritual Franciscans opposed changes to the Monastic rule, rule of Saint Francis of Assisi, especially with regard to poverty, and regarded the wealth of the Catholic Church as scandalous, with the riches of individual churchmen as invalidating their status. The Fraticelli were declared heresy, heretical in 1296 by Pope Boniface VIII, Boniface VIII. The name ''Fraticelli'' is used for various sects, which appeared in the thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, principally in Italy, that split from the Franciscan Order on account of the disputes concerning poverty. It is necessary to differentiate the various groups of Fraticelli, although the term may be applied to all. The main groups were the ''Fraticelli de Paupere Vita'' and the ''Fraticelli de Opinione'' (also called Michaelites). The Apostolics (also known as Pseudo-Apostles or Apostolic Brethren) are excluded from the category, because ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
