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Jim Jones (journalist)
James Warren Jones (May 13, 1931 – November 18, 1978) was an American cult leader, preacher and mass murderer who founded and led the Peoples Temple between 1955 and 1978. Jones and the members of his inner circle planned and orchestrated a mass murder–suicide which he described as “revolutionary suicide”, in his remote jungle commune at Jonestown, Guyana on November 18, 1978, including the assassination of U.S. congressman Leo Ryan. Jones and the events that occurred at Jonestown have had a defining influence on society's perception of cults. As a child, Jones developed an affinity for Pentecostalism and a desire to preach. He was ordained as a Christian minister in the Independent Assemblies of God, attracting his first group of followers while participating in the Pentecostal Latter Rain movement and the Healing Revival during the 1950s. Jones's initial popularity arose from his joint campaign appearances with the movement's prominent leaders William Branham ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crete, Indiana
Crete is an Unincorporated area, unincorporated community in Greensfork Township, Randolph County, Indiana, Greensfork Township, Randolph County, Indiana, Randolph County, in the U.S. state of Indiana. History A post office was established at Crete in 1882, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1918. The community may have been named after the pet name of Lucretia, a local young woman. Geography Crete is located about east of the town of Lynn, Indiana, Lynn. Notable person Jim Jones, leader of the Peoples Temple cult, was born in Crete in 1931. References [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Independent Assemblies Of God, International
The Independent Assemblies of God International (IAOGI) is a pentecostal Christian association with roots in a revival of the 1890s among the Scandinavian Baptist and Pietist communities in the United States. ''Independent Assemblies of God International'' is a member of the Pentecostal/Charismatic Churches of North America. International offices are located in Laguna Hills, California. History In 1907, the Mission of William Howard Durham inspired many congregations and individuals to learn about the Pentecostal movement through Mission in Chicago. One of his assistant elders, F. A. Sandgren, published the ''Folke-Vennena'' a periodical for Scandinavians and many Midwest churches joined the Pentecostal movement. In 1918, the denomination was organized as the ''Scandinavian Assemblies of God in the United States of America, Canada and Foreign Lands'' with A. W. Rasmussen. In 1935, at the annual convention in Minneapolis, Minnesota, they merged with another group named the ''Ind ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War I
World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting took place mainly in European theatre of World War I, Europe and the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I, Middle East, as well as in parts of African theatre of World War I, Africa and the Asian and Pacific theatre of World War I, Asia-Pacific, and in Europe was characterised by trench warfare; the widespread use of Artillery of World War I, artillery, machine guns, and Chemical weapons in World War I, chemical weapons (gas); and the introductions of Tanks in World War I, tanks and Aviation in World War I, aircraft. World War I was one of the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflicts in history, resulting in an estimated World War I casualties, 10 million military dead and more than 20 million wounded, plus some 10 million civilian de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cherokee
The Cherokee (; , or ) people are one of the Indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands of the United States. Prior to the 18th century, they were concentrated in their homelands, in towns along river valleys of what is now southwestern North Carolina, southeastern Tennessee, southwestern Virginia, edges of western South Carolina, northern Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia and northeastern Alabama with hunting grounds in Kentucky, together consisting of around 40,000 square miles. The Cherokee language is part of the Iroquoian languages, Iroquoian language group. In the 19th century, James Mooney, an early American Ethnography, ethnographer, recorded one oral tradition that told of the Tribe (Native American), tribe having migrated south in ancient times from the Great Lakes region, where other Iroquoian Peoples, Iroquoian peoples have been based. However, anthropologist Thomas R. Whyte, writing in 2007, dated the split among the peoples as occurring earlier. He believes that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyanide Poisoning
Cyanide poisoning is poisoning that results from exposure to any of a number of forms of cyanide. Early symptoms include headache, dizziness, fast heart rate, shortness of breath, and vomiting. This phase may then be followed by seizures, slow heart rate, low blood pressure, loss of consciousness, and cardiac arrest. Onset of symptoms usually occurs within a few minutes. Some survivors have long-term neurological problems. Toxic cyanide-containing compounds include hydrogen cyanide gas and a number of cyanide salts, such as potassium cyanide. Poisoning is relatively common following breathing in smoke from a house fire. Other potential routes of exposure include workplaces involved in metal polishing, certain insecticides, the medication sodium nitroprusside, and certain seeds such as those of apples and apricots. Liquid forms of cyanide can be absorbed through the skin. Cyanide ions interfere with cellular respiration, resulting in the body's tissues being unable to use ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flavor Aid
Flavor Aid is a non-carbonated soft drink beverage made by the Jel Sert Company in West Chicago, Illinois. It is sold as an unsweetened, powdered concentrate drink mix, and is frequently compared to the similar Kool-Aid brand drink mix. Jonestown massacre The drink became infamous for being linked to the Jonestown mass murder-and-suicide when it was learned that the cyanide poison taken by or forcibly administered to the commune's members was placed in Flavor Aid. Large barrels filled with the grape variety, laced with the cyanide and a variety of tranquillizer drugs, were found half-consumed amidst the hundreds of bodies. Kool-Aid, rather than Flavor Aid, is usually erroneously referred to as the drink used in the massacre. The association with Kool-Aid has spawned the figure of speech " drink the Kool-Aid". Criminal investigators testifying at the Jonestown inquest spoke of finding packets of "Kool aid" (''sic The Latin adverb ''sic'' (; ''thus'', ''so'', and ''in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peoples Temple In San Francisco
The Peoples Temple, the new religious movement which came to be known for the mass killings at Jonestown, was headquartered in San Francisco, California, United States from the early to mid-1970s until the Temple's move to Guyana in 1977. During this period, the Temple and its founder, Reverend Jim Jones, rose to national prominence thanks to Jones' interest in social and political causes, and wielded a significant amount of influence in San Francisco's city government. History The Peoples Temple began in 1955 as a racial integration, racially integrated Christian church founded by Reverend Jim Jones. While the Temple originated in suburban Indiana, the congregation moved to Redwood Valley, California, Redwood Valley, California in the late 1960s after Jones predicted a nuclear apocalypse that would facilitate the beginning of a socialism, socialist Eden on earth. By the mid-1970s, the organization possessed over a dozen locations in California, including in San Francisco and Lo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Disciples Of Christ
The Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) is a mainline Protestant Christian denomination in the United States and Canada. The denomination started with the Restoration Movement during the Second Great Awakening, first existing during the 19th century as a loose association of churches working toward Christian unity. These slowly formed quasi-denominational structures through missionary societies, regional associations, and an international convention. In 1968, the Disciples of Christ officially adopted a denominational structure. At that time, Christian churches and churches of Christ, a group of churches left in order to remain nondenominational. The denomination is referred to by several versions of its full name, including "Disciples of Christ", "Disciples", "Christian Church", "CC(DOC)", and "DOC". The Christian Church was a charter participant in the formation of the World Council of Churches (WCC) and of the Federal Council of Churches (now the National Council of Church ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Father Divine
Father Divine (September 10, 1965), also known as Reverend M. J. Divine, was an American spiritual leader from about 1907 until his death in 1965. His full self-given name was Reverend Major Jealous Divine, and he was also known as "the Messenger" early in his life. He founded the International Peace Mission movement, formed its doctrine and oversaw its growth from a small and predominantly black congregation into a multiracial and international church. Many consider him to be a cult leader since he claimed to be God. Life and career Prior to 1912: Early life and original name Little is known about Father Divine's early life, or even his real given name. Father Divine and the peace movement he started did not keep many records. Father Divine declined several offers to write his biography, saying that "the history of God would not be useful in mortal terms". He also refused to acknowledge his relationship with any family. Newspapers in the 1930s had to dig up his probable give ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indianapolis
Indianapolis ( ), colloquially known as Indy, is the List of capitals in the United States, capital and List of municipalities in Indiana, most populous city of the U.S. state of Indiana and the county seat of Marion County, Indiana, Marion County. Indianapolis is situated in the state's central till plain region along the west fork of the White River (Indiana), White River. The city's official slogan, "Crossroads of America", reflects its historic importance as a transportation hub and its relative proximity to other major North American markets. At the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, the Indianapolis (balance), balance population was 887,642. Indianapolis is the List of United States cities by population, 16th-most populous city in the U.S., the third-most populous city in the Midwestern United States, Midwest after Chicago and Columbus, Ohio, and the fourth-most populous state capital in the nation after Phoenix, Arizona, Phoenix, Austin, Texas, Austin, and Columbu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph Mattsson-Boze
Joseph D. Mattsson-Boze (February 7, 1905 – January 22, 1989) was a Swedish-American minister and pastor of Chicago's Philadelphia Church from 1933 to 1958, with the exception of 1939–1941 when he pastored the Rock Church in New York. He was publisher and editor of the ''Herald of Faith'' magazine, which had wide circulation among Pentecostals in the United States. Biography Boze was a native of Sweden born in Marstrand. He got saved in 1922 at a meeting in Göteborg. In 1926, he became member of Smyrna Church in Göteborg who was a part of the Swedish Pentecostal Movement. He later became pastor in the pentecostal church in Uddevalla 1929-1931. Later he returned to Göteborg where he became assistant pastor under pastor Ivar Claesson. In 1933 he immigrated to the United States to become pastor of the Swedish Pentecostal church Filadelfia församlingen (later the Philadelphia Church) in Chicago. The church was part of the Independent Assemblies of God (IAOG) a loose organiz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
