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Jiao (commercial Guild)
Jiao (Chinese character: 郊; ; pinyin: Jiao), also known as Jiao-shang (郊商), Hang-jiao (行郊), and also known as Ding-shou (頂手) and Jiu-Ba-hang (九八行),Originating from entrusting suburban merchants to sell goods, they are usually given a "commission" of 2% of the value of the goods as a "commission", and their own party only receives 98% of the total selling price of the goods. Therefore, the entrusted suburban merchants are called "98xing". However, the 2% commission rate is not a fixed number, and different commission rates may arise depending on the market situation of the product. was a commercial guild organization that spread throughout Taiwan during the Qing dynasty. The members of the organization were mostly ship merchants or merchants who settled in ports. In the middle of the Qing dynasty, the commercial function of Jiao was gradually declining due to the sedimentationof the Taiwan River mouth and the establishment of foreign businesses by Western forces ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pinyin
Hanyu Pinyin, or simply pinyin, officially the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet, is the most common romanization system for Standard Chinese. ''Hanyu'' () literally means 'Han Chinese, Han language'—that is, the Chinese language—while ''pinyin'' literally means 'spelled sounds'. Pinyin is the official romanization system used in China, Singapore, Taiwan, and by the United Nations. Its use has become common when transliterating Standard Chinese mostly regardless of region, though it is less ubiquitous in Taiwan. It is used to teach Standard Chinese, normally written with Chinese characters, to students in mainland China and Singapore. Pinyin is also used by various Chinese input method, input methods on computers and to lexicographic ordering, categorize entries in some Chinese dictionaries. In pinyin, each Chinese syllable is spelled in terms of an optional initial (linguistics), initial and a final (linguistics), final, each of which is represented by one or more letters. Initi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qing Dynasty
The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing, was a Manchu-led Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China and an early modern empire in East Asia. The last imperial dynasty in Chinese history, the Qing dynasty was preceded by the Ming dynasty and succeeded by the Republic of China (1912–1949), Republic of China. At its height of power, the empire stretched from the Sea of Japan in the east to the Pamir Mountains in the west, and from the Mongolian Plateau in the north to the South China Sea in the south. Originally emerging from the Later Jin (1616–1636), Later Jin dynasty founded in 1616 and proclaimed in Shenyang in 1636, the dynasty seized control of the Ming capital Beijing and North China in 1644, traditionally considered the start of the dynasty's rule. The dynasty lasted until the Xinhai Revolution of October 1911 led to the abdication of the last emperor in February 1912. The multi-ethnic Qing dynasty Legacy of the Qing dynasty, assembled the territoria ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tianjin
Tianjin is a direct-administered municipality in North China, northern China on the shore of the Bohai Sea. It is one of the National Central City, nine national central cities, with a total population of 13,866,009 inhabitants at the time of the 2020 Chinese census. Its metropolitan area, which is made up of 12 central districts (other than Baodi District, Baodi, Jizhou District, Tianjin, Jizhou, Jinghai District, Jinghai and Ninghe District, Ninghe), was home to 11,165,706 inhabitants and is also the world's 29th-largest agglomeration (between Chengdu and Rio de Janeiro) and 11th-List of cities proper by population, most populous city proper. Tianjin is governed as one of the four municipalities (alongside Beijing, Shanghai, and Chongqing) under the direct-administered municipalities of China, direct administration of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, State Council of Government of China, China. The city borders Hebei Province and Beijing Municipality, bounded ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xinzhuang District
Xinzhuang District () is a district in the western part of New Taipei in northern Taiwan. It has an area of and a population of 421,248 people (February 2023). History A former name of the area is ''Pulauan'' (). On 15 January 1980, Xinzhuang was upgraded from an urban township to be a county-administered city of Taipei County. On 25 December 2010, Taipei County was upgraded to New Taipei City, and Xinzhuang City was upgraded to a district. Overview The district is bordered by Wugu and Taishan to the north, Sanchong to the east, Banqiao and Shulin to the south, and Taoyuan City to the west. Government agencies * Council of Indigenous Peoples * Hakka Affairs Council * Ministry of Culture Educational institutions Colleges *Fu Jen Catholic University (天主教輔仁大學) Senior High Schools * New Taipei Municipal DanFeng High School * New Taipei Municipal Hsinchuang Senior High School * Heng Yee Catholic High School (天主教恆毅中學) * National X ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hsinchu
Hsinchu (, ), officially Hsinchu City, is a city located in northwestern Taiwan. It is the most populous city in Taiwan that is not a special municipality, with estimated 450,655 inhabitants. Hsinchu is a coastal city bordering the Taiwan Strait to the west, Hsinchu County to the north and east, and Miaoli County to the south. Hsinchu is nicknamed the ''Windy City'' for its strong northeastern monsoon during the autumn and winter seasons. The area was originally settled by the Austronesian Taiwanese indigenous peoples, with the settlement being named "Tek-kham" by the Hoklo immigrants. The city was founded by Han Chinese settlers in 1711, and renamed "Hsinchu" in 1878. During Japanese rule, the city was named "Shinchiku" and was the seat of Shinchiku Prefecture. The prefecture encompassed present-day Hsinchu City and County, as well as entire Taoyuan and Miaoli. After the ROC rule in 1945, the urban area of Hsinchu was organized as a provincial city. In 1980, the Ta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taiwan Under Japanese Rule
The Geography of Taiwan, island of Taiwan, together with the Penghu, Penghu Islands, became an annexed territory of the Empire of Japan in 1895, when the Qing dynasty ceded Taiwan Province, Fujian-Taiwan Province in the Treaty of Shimonoseki after the Japanese victory in the First Sino-Japanese War. The consequent Republic of Formosa resistance movement on Taiwan was Japanese invasion of Taiwan (1895), defeated by Japan with the Capitulation of Tainan (1895), capitulation of Tainan. Japan ruled Taiwan for 50 years. Its capital was located in Taipei, Taihoku (Taipei), the seat of the Governor-General of Taiwan. Taiwan was Japan's first colony and can be viewed as the first step in implementing their "Nanshin-ron, Southern Expansion Doctrine" of the late 19th century. Japanese intentions were to turn Taiwan into a showpiece "model colony" with much effort made to improve the island's economy, public works, Industrial sector, industry, cultural Japanization (1937 to 1945), and sup ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Min Nan Language
Southern Min (), Minnan (Mandarin pronunciation: ) or Banlam (), is a group of linguistically similar and historically related Chinese languages that form a branch of Min Chinese spoken in Fujian (especially the Minnan region), most of Taiwan (many citizens are descendants of settlers from Fujian), Eastern Guangdong, Hainan, and Southern Zhejiang. Southern Min dialects are also spoken by descendants of emigrants from these areas in diaspora, most notably in Southeast Asia, such as Singapore, Malaysia, the Philippines, Indonesia, Brunei, Southern Thailand, Myanmar, Cambodia, Southern and Central Vietnam, as well as major cities in the United States, including in San Francisco, in Los Angeles and in New York City. Minnan is the most widely-spoken branch of Min, with approximately 34 million native speakers as of 2025. The most widely spoken Southern Min language is Hokkien, which includes Taiwanese. Other varieties of Southern Min have significant differences from Hokkien, so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xuande Emperor
The Xuande Emperor (16 March 1399 31 January 1435), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Xuanzong of Ming, personal name Zhu Zhanji, was the fifth emperor of the Ming dynasty, reigning from 1425 to 1435. He was the son and successor of the Hongxi Emperor. The Xuande Emperor ascended to the throne following his father's brief reign. He had a passion for poetry and literature, and was also known for his skill in painting and warfare. Upon taking power, he made the decision to reverse his father's plan to relocate the capital from Beijing to Nanjing. His uncle Zhu Gaoxu rebelled against the young emperor but was ultimately unsuccessful. With the guidance of capable advisors, the Xuande Emperor personally led his army against his uncle and easily defeated him. Early in the Xuande Emperor's reign, a prolonged war in Jiaozhi (present-day northern Vietnam) ended with Ming defeat and the Viet's independence. Relations with Southeast Asian nations stayed peaceful. Communication ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minnan Region
Minnan, Banlam or Minnan Golden Triangle (), refers to the coastal region in South Fujian Province, China, which includes the prefecture-level cities of Xiamen, Quanzhou and Zhangzhou. The region accounts for 40 percent of the GDP of Fujian Province. It is the native homeland of the Hokkien people who speak the Hokkien language or Minnan language, a variety of Southern Min.http://www.fjfao.gov.cn/english/foreignersinfujian/fujianintheeyesofforeigners/201112/t20111222_625021.htm Other terms used on the Minnan region include the one sinologist Sinology, also referred to as China studies, is a subfield of area studies or East Asian studies involved in social sciences and humanities research on China. It is an academic discipline that focuses on the study of the Chinese civilizatio ... G. William Skinner used, which was the term Zhang-Quan () to describe the region in his guide to the physiographic macroregions of China. References Fujian Regions of China ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quanzhou
Quanzhou is a prefecture-level city, prefecture-level port city on the north bank of the Jin River, beside the Taiwan Strait in southern Fujian, China, People's Republic of China. It is Fujian's largest most populous metropolitan region, with an area of and a population of 8,782,285 as of the 2020 Chinese census, 2020 census. Its City proper, built-up area is home to 6,669,711 inhabitants, encompassing the Licheng District, Quanzhou, Licheng, Fengze District, Fengze, and Luojiang District, Quanzhou, Luojiang district (PRC), urban districts; Jinjiang, Fujian, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Fujian, Nan'an, and Shishi, Fujian, Shishi County-level city, cities; Hui'an county (PRC), County; and the Quanzhou District for Taiwanese Investment. Quanzhou was China's 12th-largest extended metropolitan area in 2010. Quanzhou was China's major port for foreign traders, who knew it as Zaiton, during the 11th through 14th centuries. It was visited by both Marco Polo and Ibn Battuta; both travelers pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lukang, Changhua
Lukang, formerly romanized as Lugang and also known by #Name, other names, is an township (Taiwan), urban township in northwestern Changhua County, Taiwan. The township is on the west coast of Taiwan, facing the Taiwan Strait. Lukang was an important sea port in the 18th century and 19th century. It was the most populous city in central Taiwan until the early 20th century. In March 2012, it was named one of the ''Top 10 Small Tourist Towns'' by the Tourism Bureau of Taiwan. Name The township's name, which means "Deer Port", came from its deerskin trade during the Dutch Formosa, Dutch period. Its old Taiwanese Hokkien, Taiwanese name was Lok-a-kang () and its shortened version is seen in English texts and maps as variants such as Lok-kang, Lokang and Lo-kiang. In 2011, the Ministry of Interior decided to keep the historical Wade-Giles spelling "Lukang" and abandon the change to the Pinyin spelling "Lugang" consistent with the switch to Tongyong Pinyin in 2002 and later Hanyu Pin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qianlong Emperor
The Qianlong Emperor (25 September 17117 February 1799), also known by his temple name Emperor Gaozong of Qing, personal name Hongli, was the fifth Emperor of China, emperor of the Qing dynasty and the fourth Qing emperor to rule over China proper. He reigned officially from 1735 until his abdication in 1796, but retained ultimate power subsequently until his death in 1799, making him one of the longest-reigning monarchs in history as well as one of the longest-lived. The fourth and favourite son of the Yongzheng Emperor, Qianlong ascended the throne in 1735. A highly ambitious military leader, he led Ten Great Campaigns, a series of campaigns into Inner Asia, Burma, Nepal and Vietnam and suppressed rebellions in Jinchuan County, Jinchuan and Taiwan. During his lifetime, he was given the deified title Emperor Manjushri by the Qing's Tibetan subjects. Domestically, Qianlong was a major patron of the arts as well as a prolific writer. He sponsored the compilation of the ''Siku Qu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
