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Jianguo (era)
Jianguo Lu () (16 February 1646 – 29 March 1653),錢海岳《南明史》卷5：「〔弘光元年七月〕癸丑，群臣三奉箋勸進，不許。頒監國諭，大赦，祭告天地祖宗，仍用弘光年號，以明年為監國魯元年。……隆武二年丙戌，春正月己酉朔，王在紹興，稱監國魯元年……永曆七年癸巳，春正月戊辰朔，王在金門，稱監國魯八年。三月丁印朔，自去監國號。。」 also known as Lu Jianguo (), was the regnal year of the Southern Ming during the regency of Zhu Yihai, Prince of Lu. Comparison table Other eras contemporaneous with Jianguo Lu * China ** ''Shunzhi'' (順治, 1644–1661): Qing dynasty — era name of the Shunzhi Emperor ** ''Longwu'' (隆武, 1645–1646): Southern Ming — era name of the Longwu Emperor ** ''Yongli'' (永曆, 1647–1683): Southern Ming — era name of the Yongli Emperor ** '' Dongwu'' (東武, 1648): Southern Ming — era name of Zhu Changqing, Prince of Huai ** ''D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Regnal Year
A regnal year is a year of the reign of a sovereign, from the Latin ''regnum'' meaning kingdom, rule. Regnal years considered the date as an ordinal, not a cardinal number. For example, a monarch could have a first year of rule, a second year of rule, a third year of rule, and so on, but not a zeroth year of rule. Applying this ancient epoch system to modern calculations of time, which include zero, is what led to the debate over when the third millennium began. Regnal years are "finite era names", contrary to "infinite era names" such as Christian era, Jimmu era, ''Juche'' era, and so on. Early use In ancient times, calendars were counted in terms of the number of years of the reign of the current monarch. Reckoning long periods of times required a king list. The oldest such reckoning is preserved in the Sumerian king list. Ancient Egyptian chronology was also dated using regnal years. The Zoroastrian calendar also operated with regnal years following the reform of Ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhang Xianzhong
Zhang Xianzhong (张献忠 or Chang Hsien-chung; 18 September 1606 – 2 January 1647), nickname Huanghu (literally 'Yellow Tiger'), was a Chinese peasant leader who led a peasant revolt from Yan'an wei, Shaanxi (today Yulin, Shaanxi province). He conquered Sichuan in 1644, and named himself king and later emperor of the Xi dynasty (西朝 or Great Xi 大西). His rule in Sichuan was brief, and he was killed by the invading Qing army. He is commonly associated with the massacres in Sichuan that depopulated the region. However, the extent of his killings is disputed. Biography Early life Zhang was born in liushujian (literally 'willow spring', modern Dingbian, Shaanxi province), into a poor family. He was described as tall in stature, had a yellow complexion and a "tiger chin" (), and hence was given the nickname "Yellow Tiger". He served in the Ming army, and while in the army he was sentenced to death for violations of military rules, but was reprieved after an intervention b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Chinese Era Names
This is a list of the Chinese era names used by the various dynasties and regimes in the history of China, sorted by monarch. The English renditions of the era names in this list are based on the Hanyu Pinyin system. However, some academic works utilize the Wade–Giles romanization. For instance, the era of ''Zhenguan'' () during the reign of the Emperor Taizong of Tang is rendered as ''Chen-kuan'' in Wade–Giles. Han dynasty Western Han Xin dynasty Xuan Han Eastern Han Other regimes contemporaneous with Han dynasty Three Kingdoms Cao Wei Shu Han Eastern Wu Other regimes contemporaneous with Three Kingdoms Jin dynasty Western Jin Eastern Jin Huan Chu Other regimes contemporaneous with Jin dynasty Sixteen Kingdoms Han Zhao Cheng Han Later Zhao Former Liang Former Yan Former Qin Later Yan Later Qin Western Qin Later Liang Southern Liang Northern Liang Southern Yan Western Liang Hu Xia Northern Yan Dai Ran Wei We ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emperor Go-Sai
, also known as , was the 111th emperor of Japan,Imperial Household Agency (''Kunaichō'') 後西天皇 (111)/ref> according to the traditional order of succession.Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959). ''The Imperial House of Japan'', pp. 116. Go-Sai's reign spanned the years from 1655 through 1663.Titsingh, Isaac. (1834) ''Annales des empereurs du japon'', p. 413./ref> This 17th-century sovereign was named after the 9th-century Emperor Junna and ''go-'' (後), translates as ''later'', and thus, he could have been called the "Later Emperor Junna". Emperor Go-Sai could not pass the throne onto his descendants. For this reason, he was known as the ''Go-Saiin'' emperor, after an alternate name of Emperor Junna, who had confronted and reached an accommodation with similar issues. This emperor was also called . The Japanese word ''go'' has also been translated to mean ''the second one'', and thus, this emperor might be identified as "Junna II". During the Meiji era, the name became ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jōō (Edo Period)
, alternatively romanized as Jō-ō or Shōō, was a after '' Keian'' and before '' Meireki''. This period spanned the years from September 1652 through April 1655. The reigning emperors were and . Change of era * 1652 : The era name was changed to ''Jōō'' (meaning "receiving answers"), which was to mark the death of the third '' shōgun'', Tokugawa Iemitsu. The previous era ended and a new one commenced in ''Keian'' 5, on the 18th day of the 9th month. The name of this new era came from the Book of the Jin: "The Xia and the Shang dynasties follow their destinies, so the House of Zhou came when it was time." (夏商承運、周氏応期) Events of the ''Jōō'' era * October 3, 1653 (''Jōō 2, 12th day of the 8th month''): A violent fire destroyed a large part of the Imperial palace and many temples which were nearby. Shortly thereafter, several girls, aged 12–14 years, were imprisoned for having started this fire and others in Heian-kyō.Titsingh p. 412./ref> * Augus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Keian
: ''For the Zen Buddhist monk, see Keian Genju (1427–1508).'' was a after '' Shōhō'' and before '' Jōō.'' This period spanned the years from February 1648 through September 1652. The reigning emperor was .Titsingh, Isaac. (1834) ''Annales des empereurs du japon'', p. 412./ref> Change of era * 1648 : The new era name was created in response to criticism that ''Shōhō'' was too closely related to ''Shōbō'' (焼亡, meaning "death by burning"). The previous era ended and a new one commenced in ''Shōhō'' 5, on the 5th day of the 2nd month. The new era name was drawn from the Chinese classic, The I Ching: "At the end happiness, joy of quiet righteousness, answer the world unlimited" (乃終有慶、安貞之吉、応地無疆): Events of the ''Keian'' era * April 1, 1649 (''Keian 2, 20th day of the 2nd month''): There was a major earthquake in Edo. * 1651 (''Keian 4''): Keian Uprising. Plans by well-organized ''rōnin'' to attack several Tokugawa strongholds simultaneousl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emperor Go-Kōmyō
was the 110th emperor of Japan,Imperial Household Agency (''Kunaichō'') 後光明天皇 (110)/ref> according to the traditional order of succession. Go-Kōmyō's reign spanned the years from 1643 through 1654. This 17th-century sovereign was named after the 14th-century Nanboku-chō Emperor Kōmyō and ''go-'' (後), translates as ''later'', and thus, he could be called the "Later Emperor Kōmyō". The Japanese word ''go'' has also been translated to mean ''the second one'', and in some older sources, this emperor may be identified as "Kōmyō, the second", or as Kōmyō II". Genealogy Before Go-Kōmyō's accession to the Chrysanthemum Throne, his personal name (his ''imina'') was ; and his pre-accession title was .Titsingh p. 412./ref> He was the fourth son of Emperor Go-Mizunoo. His mother was Fujiwara no Mitsuko, the daughter of the Minister of the Left (''Sadaijin''); but he was raised as if he were the son of Tōfuku-mon'in. His predecessor, Empress Meishō, was hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shōhō
was a after ''Kan'ei'' and before ''Keian''. This period spanned the years from December 1644 through February 1648. The reigning emperor was .Titsingh, Isaac. (1834) ''Annales des empereurs du japon'', p. 412./ref> Change of era * 1644 : The era name was changed to Shōhō to mark the enthronement of the new emperor Go-Kōmyō. The previous era ended and a new one commenced in ''Kan'ei'' 21, on the 16th day of the 12th month.Hall, John Whitney. ''The Cambridge History of Japan.'' p. xx. Events of the ''Shōhō'' era * 1644 (''Shōhō 1''): The third major map of Japan was ordered by the Shogunate—the first having been completed in ''Keichō'' 10—at a scale of 1:432,000 (based on maps of the provinces drawn to a scale of 1:21,600).Traganeou, Jilly. (2004). ''The Tokaido Road: Traveling and Representation in Edo and Meiji Japan'', p. 230. * May 18, 1645 (''Shōhō 2, 23rd day of the 4th month''): The Shōgun was elevated the court role of . * June 13, 1645 (''Shōhō 2, 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lê Thần Tông
Lê Thần Tông (黎神宗, 19 November 1607 – 2 November 1662) was the 17th emperor of Vietnamese Later Lê dynasty. Biography Lê Thần Tông's birth name is Lê Duy Kỳ (黎維祺). He was born in 1607 and reigned in 1619–1643 following Lê Kính Tông, was interrupted by the reign of Lê Chân Tông 1643–1649, then reigned again 1649–1662 and was succeeded by Lê Huyền Tông. He was a figurehead king under lords Trịnh Tùng, who ruled 1570–1623, then Trịnh Tráng who ruled in 1623–1657, and Trịnh Tạc who ruled 1657–1682. At this time the Tonkin was still engaged in military campaigns against Nguyễn Lords in the south. Family Consorts and their respective issues : # Empress consort Trịnh Thị Ngọc Trúc (ex-wife of duke Lê Trụ) # Noble consort Nguyễn Thị Ngọc Bạch ## Prince Lê Duy Hựu # Consort Phạm Thị Ngọc Hậu ## First crown prince Lê Duy Vũ # Consort Lê Thị Ngọc Hoàn ## Prince Lê Duy Cối # Lady Ng ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lê Chân Tông
Lê Chân Tông (黎真宗, 1630 – 2 October 1649) was the 18th monarch of Vietnamese Later Lê dynasty. Biography Lê Chân Tông's birth name is Lê Duy Hựu (黎維祐), courtesy name Duy Đề (維禔). He was born in 1630 and reigned from 1643 to 1649, interrupting the reign of his father Lê Thần Tông who reigned 1619–1643 and again 1649–1662. He was a figurehead king under the power of lord Trịnh Tráng Trịnh Tráng (Hán tự: 鄭梉, 6 August 1577 – 28 May 1657), posthumous name: Nghị Vương (誼王), temple name: Văn Tổ (文祖). He is the second lord of Trịnh ruled Tonkin from 1623 to 1657. He is one of the famous Trịnh lords wh ... who ruled 1623–1657. Family Consorts and their respective issues: * Queen Trịnh Thị《大越史記全書》續編卷之一·熙宗章皇帝。 (芳慈皇后鄭氏) References * * 1630 births 1649 deaths C Vietnamese monarchs {{Asia-royal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lê Dynasty
The Lê dynasty, also known as Later Lê dynasty ( vi, Hậu Lê triều, chữ Hán: 後黎朝 or vi, nhà Hậu Lê, link=no, chữ Nôm: 茹後黎), was the longest-ruling Vietnamese dynasty, ruling Đại Việt from 1428 to 1789. The Lê dynasty is divided into two historical periods – the Early period ( Vietnamese: Lê sơ triều, chữ Hán: 黎初朝, or Vietnamese: nhà Lê sơ, chữ Nôm: 茹黎初; 1428–1527) before usurpation by the Mạc dynasty (1527–1683), in which emperors ruled in their own right, and the restored period or Revival Lê ( Vietnamese: Lê Trung hưng triều, chữ Hán: 黎中興朝, or Vietnamese: nhà Lê trung hưng, chữ Nôm: 茹黎中興; 1533–1789), in which figurehead emperors reigned under the auspices of the powerful Trịnh family. The Restored Lê period is marked by two lengthy civil wars: the Lê–Mạc War (1533–1592) in which two dynasties battled for legitimacy in northern Vietnam and the Trịnh–Nguyễn War ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhu Benli
Zhu Benli (), or the Dingwu Emperor (), is claimed to be the last emperor of the Southern Ming. He inherited the title Prince of Han (韓王). His identity and existence however is of some dispute, and Zhu Youlang is generally taken to be the last emperor of the Southern Ming. Biography His original name was Zhu Danji, and he inherited his father's title of Prince of Han in 1611. During a military campaign against the rebel leader Li Zicheng (李自成) in Pingliang, Gansu in 1643, he was captured, but he was soon released. Li Zicheng then occupied and plundered the capital Beijing, the central government disintegrated, and the reigning Chongzhen Emperor committed suicide Suicide is the act of intentionally causing one's own death. Mental disorders (including depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, personality disorders, anxiety disorders), physical disorders (such as chronic fatigue syndrome), and s .... See also * List of emperors of the Ming dynasty R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
