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Jelek, Iraq
Jelek ( syr, ܟ̰ܠܟ, ku, چهلکێ, translit=Çelkê) is a village in Dohuk Governorate in Kurdistan Region, Iraq. It is located by the Little Khabur river in the district of Amadiya and the historical region of Barwari. The village is divided into upper and lower sections. In the village, there is a church of Mart Shmuni, and there was formerly a church of Mar Mushe. History The church of Mar Mushe was first constructed in 1100 AD. In 1850, 40-60 Assyrian families inhabited Jelek, and were served by a single priest and the church of Mar Mushe, which was restored in 1860. Amidst the Assyrian genocide in the First World War, Jelek was attacked by Turks and Kurds, and most of the village's population fled to Urmia in Iran in 1915-1916. Whilst in Iran, half of those who had fled died of wounds and hypothermia. Afterwards, Assyrian refugees from Lower Tiyari in Turkey were resettled at Jelek, and the village had a population of 210 people by 1933, in which year it was de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Sovereign States
The following is a list providing an overview of sovereign states around the world with information on their status and recognition of their sovereignty. The 206 listed states can be divided into three categories based on membership within the United Nations System: 193 member states of the United Nations, UN member states, 2 United Nations General Assembly observers#Present non-member observers, UN General Assembly non-member observer states, and 11 other states. The ''sovereignty dispute'' column indicates states having undisputed sovereignty (188 states, of which there are 187 UN member states and 1 UN General Assembly non-member observer state), states having disputed sovereignty (16 states, of which there are 6 UN member states, 1 UN General Assembly non-member observer state, and 9 de facto states), and states having a political status of the Cook Islands and Niue, special political status (2 states, both in associated state, free association with New Zealand). Compi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First World War
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fighting occurring throughout Europe, the Middle East, Africa, the Pacific, and parts of Asia. An estimated 9 million soldiers were killed in combat, plus another 23 million wounded, while 5 million civilians died as a result of military action, hunger, and disease. Millions more died in genocides within the Ottoman Empire and in the 1918 influenza pandemic, which was exacerbated by the movement of combatants during the war. Prior to 1914, the European great powers were divided between the Triple Entente (comprising France, Russia, and Britain) and the Triple Alliance (containing Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy). Tensions in the Balkans came to a head on 28 June 1914, following the assassination of Arch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1991 Uprisings In Iraq
The 1991 Iraqi uprisings were ethnic and religious uprisings in Iraq led by Shi'ites and Kurds against Saddam Hussein. The uprisings lasted from March to April 1991 after a ceasefire following the end of the Gulf War. The mostly uncoordinated insurgency was fueled by the perception that Iraqi President Saddam Hussein had become vulnerable to regime change. This perception of weakness was largely the result of the outcome of the Iran–Iraq War and the Gulf War, both of which occurred within a single decade and devastated the population and economy of Iraq. Within the first two weeks, most of Iraq's cities and provinces fell to rebel forces. Participants of the uprising were a diverse mix of ethnic, religious and political affiliations, including military mutineers, Shia Arab Islamists, Kurdish nationalists, and far-left groups. Following initial victories, the revolution was held back from continued success by internal divisions as well as a lack of anticipated A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zakho
Zakho, also spelled Zaxo ( ku, زاخۆ, Zaxo, syr, ܙܵܟ݂ܘܿ, Zākhō, , ) is a city in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, at the centre of the eponymous Zakho District of the Dohuk Governorate, located a few kilometers from the Iraq–Turkey border. The population of the town rose from about 30,000 in 1950 to 350,000 to 1992 due to Kurds fleeing other areas of the country. The original settlement may have been on a small island in the Little Khabur river, which flows through the modern city. The Khabur flows west from Zakho to form the border between Iraq and Turkey, continuing into the Tigris. The most important rivers in the area are the Zeriza, Seerkotik and the aforementioned Little Khabur. History Gertrude Bell, the renowned British archaeologist and Arabist who advised British governors in the region in the closing years of the British Mandate, was convinced that Zakho was the same place as the ancient town of Hasaniyeh. She also reported that one of the first Chri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iraq–Turkey Border
The Iraq–Turkey border ( ku, Sînorê raqê–Tirkiye, ar, الحدود العراقية التركية, translit= alhudud aleiraqiat alturkia, tr, Irak–Türkiye sınırı) is 367 km (228 mi) in length and runs from the tripoint with Syria in the west to the tripoint with Iran in the east. Description The border starts in the west at the tripoint with Syria at the confluence of Tigris river and Little Khabur river. It then follows the latter river eastwards, and then the Hezil Suyu river to the north-east. The border then turns eastwards overland via series of irregular lines over mountain crests and small streams, eventually turning southwards to connect to the Hajji Bak (Hacibey Suyu) river. It then follows this river north-eastwards to the Iranian tripoint. The border region is extremely mountainous and is populated almost exclusively by Kurds on both sides. History At the start of the 20th century the Ottoman Empire controlled what is now Turkey and Iraq. Dur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Village Head
A village head, village headman or village chief is the community leader of a village or a small town. Usage Brunei In Brunei, village head is called or in the Malay language. It is an administrative post which leads the community of a village administrative division, the third and lowest subdivision of the country. Malaysia Generally in Malaysia, the village head is called , except for the proto Malay village where the position is called . Ketua Kampung was appointed and assisted by (Village Community Management Board). In Sarawak, the head of a traditional long house is called . Indonesia The village head in Indonesia is called . China In China, village head () is a local government or tribal post. The village headman is the person appointed to administer an area that is often a single village. Duties and functions The headman has several official duties in the village, and is sometimes seen as a mediator in disputes and a general “fixer” of village or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muhtar (title)
A muhtar is the elected village head in villages of Turkey. In cities, likewise, each neighbourhood has a muhtar but with a slightly different status. Muhtars and their village councils ( tr, Azalar or İhtiyar heyeti) are elected during local elections for five years. However, political parties are not permitted to nominate candidates for these posts. Rural muhtars In each village, the muhtar is the highest elected authority of the village. (There is no mayor in a village.) According to the Village Law, tasks of the muhtars are in two groups: compulsory tasks are about public health, primary school education, security and notification of public announcements, etc. Noncompulsory tasks depend on the demands of village residents. Urban muhtars In each town A town is a human settlement. Towns are generally larger than villages and smaller than city, cities, though the criteria to distinguish between them vary considerably in different parts of the world. Origin and use T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First Iraqi–Kurdish War
The First Iraqi–Kurdish WarMichael G. Lortz. (Chapter 1, Introduction). ''The Kurdish Warrior Tradition and the Importance of the Peshmerga''. pp.39-42. (Arabic: الحرب العراقية الكردية الأولى) also known as Aylul revolts ( ku, شۆڕشی ئەیلوول) was a major event of the Iraqi–Kurdish conflict, lasting from 1961 until 1970. The struggle was led by Mustafa Barzani, in an attempt to establish an autonomous Kurdish administration in northern Iraq. Throughout the 1960s, the uprising escalated into a long war, which failed to resolve despite internal power changes in Iraq. During the war, 80% of the Iraqi army was engaged in combat with the Kurds. The war ended with a stalemate in 1970, resulting in between 75,000 to 105,000 casualties. A series of Iraqi–Kurdish negotiations followed the war in an attempt to resolve the conflict. The negotiations led to the Iraqi–Kurdish Autonomy Agreement of 1970. Background After the military coup by Abd ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iraqi Census (1957)
The Iraqi census of 1957 was the second census taken in the Kingdom of Iraq. The census took place after more than 25 years of the establishment of the Iraq. The census showed that the country had a total population of 6,339,960. Muslims made 95% of the total population, with Christians coming second at 3.3%, Yezidis with 0.88%, and Jews with 0.08%. The biggest city was the capital Baghdad, with a population of 490,496. {, class = class="wikitable sortable" !Governorate !Today part of !Muslims !Christians !Jewish !Mandaeans !Yezidis !Others !Unknown !Total , - , Amara , Maysan , 325,900 , 1,086 , 65 , 2,579 , 71 , 9 , 113 , 329,840 , - , Baghdad , Baghdad and Saladin , 1,235,538 , 68,775 , 3,634 , 3,768 , 311 , 431 , 555 , 1,313,012 , - , Basra , Basra , 489,117 , 11,238 , 352 , 2,182 , 59 , 94 , 288 , 503,330 , - , Erbil , Erbil , 265,984 , 7,198 , 1 , 41 , 20 , 2 , 137 , 273,383 , - , Diyala , Diyala , 328,410 , 816 , 67 , 223 , 12 , 195 , 113 , 329,836 , - , Diwaniya ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Simele Massacre
The Simele massacre, also known as the Assyrian affair, was committed by the Kingdom of Iraq, led by Bakr Sidqi, during a campaign systematically targeting the Assyrians in and around Simele in August 1933. An estimated 600 to 6,000 Assyrians were killed and over 100 Assyrian villages were destroyed and looted. Background Assyrians of the mountains The majority of the Assyrians affected by the massacres were adherents of the Church of the East (often dubbed Nestorian), who originally inhabited the mountainous Hakkari and Barwari regions covering parts of the modern provinces of Hakkâri, Şırnak and Van in Turkey and the Dohuk Governorate in Iraq, with a population ranging between 75,000 and 150,000. Most of these Assyrians were massacred during the 1915 Assyrian genocide, at the hands of the Ottoman Turks, while the rest endured two winter marches to Urmia in 1915 and to Hamadan in 1918. Many of them were relocated by the British to refugee camps in Baquba and later to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iraqi Army
The Iraqi Ground Forces ( Arabic: القوات البرية العراقية), or the Iraqi Army ( Arabic: الجيش العراقي), is the ground force component of the Iraqi Armed Forces. It was known as the Royal Iraqi Army up until the coup of July 1958. The Iraqi Army in its modern form was first created by the United Kingdom during the inter-war period of ''de facto'' British control of Mandatory Iraq. Following the invasion of Iraq by U.S. forces in 2003, the Iraqi Army was rebuilt along U.S. lines with enormous amounts of U.S. military assistance at every level. Because of the Iraqi insurgency that began shortly after the invasion, the Iraqi Army was later designed to initially be a counter-insurgency force. With the withdrawal of U.S. troops in 2010, Iraqi forces have assumed full responsibility for their own security. A '' New York Times'' article suggested that, between 2004 and 2014, the U.S. had provided the Iraqi Army with $25 billion in training and equipme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkey
Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a East Thrace, small portion on the Balkans, Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe. It shares borders with the Black Sea to the north; Georgia (country), Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Iran to the east; Iraq to the southeast; Syria and the Mediterranean Sea to the south; the Aegean Sea to the west; and Greece and Bulgaria to the northwest. Cyprus is located off the south coast. Turkish people, Turks form the vast majority of the nation's population and Kurds are the largest minority. Ankara is Turkey's capital, while Istanbul is its list of largest cities and towns in Turkey, largest city and financial centre. One of the world's earliest permanently Settler, settled regions, present-day Turkey was home to important Neol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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