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Jean Verdun
Jean Verdun (21 March 1931 – 21 October 2021) was a French writer. Biography Jean's father, Henri Verdun, was a judge who was killed in 1944. He was the nephew of politician André Diethelm. Verdun wrote numerous novels and plays on Freemasonry in France. From 1985 to 1988, he was Grand Master of the Grande Loge de France. In 1997, he left the Grand Orient de France The Grand Orient de France (GODF) is the oldest and largest of several Freemasonic organizations based in France and is the oldest in Continental Europe (as it was formed out of an older Grand Lodge of France in 1773, and briefly absorbed the ..., but returned in 2019. Verdun died on 21 October 2021 at the age of 90. Works *''Les Jeunes loups'' (1956) *''L’École de Paris'' (1959) *''Retournons rue Montorgueil'' (1960) *''Brumaire'' (1961) *''La Soirée chez Ramon'' (1963) *''L’Enfant nu'' (1966) *''Les Chroniques de l’abbaye'' (1973) *''Mille Matins d’été'' (1973) *''L’Amour de loin'' (1974) * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brackets
A bracket is either of two tall fore- or back-facing punctuation marks commonly used to isolate a segment of text or data from its surroundings. Typically deployed in symmetric pairs, an individual bracket may be identified as a 'left' or 'right' bracket or, alternatively, an "opening bracket" or "closing bracket", respectively, depending on the directionality of the context. Specific forms of the mark include parentheses (also called "rounded brackets"), square brackets, curly brackets (also called 'braces'), and angle brackets (also called 'chevrons'), as well as various less common pairs of symbols. As well as signifying the overall class of punctuation, the word "bracket" is commonly used to refer to a specific form of bracket, which varies from region to region. In most English-speaking countries, an unqualified word "bracket" refers to the parenthesis (round bracket); in the United States, the square bracket. Various forms of brackets are used in mathematics, with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marcq-en-Barœul
Marcq-en-Barœul (; pcd, Marke-in-Bareul; older nl, Marke) is a commune in the Nord department in the Hauts-de-France region in northern France. It is a suburb of the city of Lille, and is immediately adjacent to it on the northeast. It is the sixth-largest component of the Métropole Européenne de Lille. Marcq-en-Barœul is known as the most affluent suburb city of Lille, it is part of the 'Triangle d'or' (Golden triangle) of Lille. It features expensive real estate, especially alongside the Grand Boulevard and Hippodrome des Flandres racecourse. The city is also home to one of the campuses of the elite international private collège and lycée active bilingue Jeannine-Manuel. Heraldry Population Economy Groupe Holder and subsidiaries Ladurée and Paul have their head offices in the commune. Sport A racecourse field is located in the town where several races take place along the year. Two golf courses are opened : * Golf des Flandres, near the racecourse * Cité ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Third Republic
The French Third Republic (french: Troisième République, sometimes written as ) was the system of government adopted in France from 4 September 1870, when the Second French Empire collapsed during the Franco-Prussian War, until 10 July 1940, after the Fall of France during World War II led to the formation of the Vichy government. The early days of the Third Republic were dominated by political disruptions caused by the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–1871, which the Republic continued to wage after the fall of Emperor Napoleon III in 1870. Harsh reparations exacted by the Prussians after the war resulted in the loss of the French regions of Alsace (keeping the Territoire de Belfort) and Lorraine (the northeastern part, i.e. present-day department of Moselle), social upheaval, and the establishment of the Paris Commune. The early governments of the Third Republic considered re-establishing the monarchy, but disagreement as to the nature of that monarchy and the rightfu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
André Diethelm
André Diethelm (3 July 1896 – 11 January 1954) was born in Bourg-en-Bresse (Ain department) and was a French Resistance fighter and politician. As an Inspector General of Finance, he joined General de Gaulle and Free France during the Second World War, and presided over the Rally of the French People political party ( (RPF)) under the Fourth Republic. Early life and education He pursued a secondary education in Foix. He was admitted to the prestigious École normale supérieure in Paris in 1914, but the war interrupted his studies just as they began. Career Diethelm fought in the First World War, in Alsace, on the Eastern front, and in Greece. After the war, he returned to the École normale supérieure but in 1919 he gave up taking the competitive civil service exam, preferring to go for the competitive exam for the Inspectorate General of Finances, in which he came in second. He was in charge of the finances of Indochina, then became director of Georges Mandel's ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Freemasonry In France
Freemasonry in France (french: Franc-maçonnerie) has been influential on the worldwide Masonic movement due to its founding of Continental Freemasonry. There are many and varied Masonic rites and obediences in France. The main male-only masonic organisations are the Grande Loge de France and the Grande Loge Nationale Française, the main female-only organisation is the Women's Grand Lodge Of France, and the main mixed organisations are now the Grand Orient de France and Le Droit Humain. Historiography In the 18th century Paris and Lyon were the two major centers of the French Freemasonry. Each of them hosted more than 20 lodges. Until the mid 20th century, the history of Freemasonry was excluded from classic-style history syllabi in universities. Particularly in France, Masonic historiography was thus almost entirely divided between authors who were vehemently pro- or anti-Freemasonry (with the former often being masons themselves). Since then, Freemasonry's political in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grand Master (Freemasonry)
A Grand Master is a title of honour as well as an office in Freemasonry, given to a freemason elected to oversee a Masonic jurisdiction, derived from the office of Grand Masters in chivalric orders. He presides over a Grand Lodge and has certain rights in the constituent Lodges that form his jurisdiction. In most, but not all cases, the Grand Master is styled "Most Worshipful Grand Master." One example of a differing title exists in the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania, where the Grand Master is titled "Right Worshipful". Under the Grand Lodge of Scotland, the role is titled "Grand Master Mason". Deputies Just as the Worshipful Master of a Lodge annually appoints lodge officers to assist him, so the Grand Master of each Grand Lodge annually appoints Grand Lodge officers to assist him in his work. Grand Lodges often elect or appoint Deputy Grand Masters (sometimes also known as District Deputy Grand Masters) who can act on behalf of the Grand Master when he is unable to do so. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grande Loge De France
Grande Loge de France (G∴L∴D∴F∴) is a Masonic obedience based in France. Its conception of Freemasonry is spiritual, traditional and initiatory. Its ritual is centred on the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite. It sees itself as occupying a unique position in the landscape of French Freemasonry but maintains its closest relationships with obediences belonging to Continental Freemasonry. It is an independent and sovereign Masonic Power, and shares its motto Liberté, Egalité, Fraternité with France. History Origins of the name and Foundation The name ''Grande Loge de France'' was used by the first French Masonic grand body of which the oldest records are dated 14 May 1737. However, it dates back to 1728 when French Masons had decided to recognize Philip, Duke of Wharton (1698-1731) - who lived in Paris and Lyon in 1728 and 1729 and who had been Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of London and Westminster in 1723 - as Grand Master of all Masons in France. Two other jac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grand Orient De France
The Grand Orient de France (GODF) is the oldest and largest of several Freemasonic organizations based in France and is the oldest in Continental Europe (as it was formed out of an older Grand Lodge of France in 1773, and briefly absorbed the rump of the older body in 1799, allowing it to date its foundation to 1728 or 1733). The Grand Orient de France is generally regarded as the "mother lodge" of Continental Freemasonry. History Foundation In 1777, the Grand Orient de France recognised the antiquity of the ''Lodge of Perfect Equality'', said to have been formed in 1688. This, if it actually existed at that time, was a military lodge attached to the Earl of Granard's Royal Irish Regiment, formed by Charles II of England in Saint-Germain in 1661, just before his return to England. The regiment remained loyal to the Stuarts, and did not return to France until after the fall of Limerick in 1689. They returned to barracks in Saint-Germain in 1698, surviving to become the 92n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
La Provence
''La Provence'' is a French language daily newspaper published in Marseille, France. History and profile In 1997 ''La Provence'' was created in Marseille from the merger of two daily newspapers, '' Le Provençal'' of former Interior Minister Gaston Defferre and the '' Le Méridional'' of shipowner and congressman, Jean Alfred Fraissinet. ''La Provence'' was jointly owned by the Groupe Hersant Média and the Groupe Bernard Tapie until July 2013 when the latter became the sole owner of the paper. The publisher of the paper is Hachette Filipacchi Medias, a subsidiary of Lagardère. In 2020, the circulation of ''La Provence'' was of 81,858 copies. See also * List of newspapers in France Below is a list of newspapers in France. National Daily ; Online newspapers * ''Mediapart'' (internet only, investigative journalism) * ''La Tribune'' (switched to internet only since 2012, economics) * ''Slate'' * ''Atlantico'' * ''Cont ... References External links Official webs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1931 Births
Events January * January 2 – South Dakota native Ernest Lawrence invents the cyclotron, used to accelerate particles to study nuclear physics. * January 4 – German pilot Elly Beinhorn begins her flight to Africa. * January 22 – Sir Isaac Isaacs is sworn in as the first Australian-born Governor-General of Australia. * January 25 – Mohandas Gandhi is again released from imprisonment in India. * January 27 – Pierre Laval forms a government in France. February * February 4 – Soviet leader Joseph Stalin gives a speech calling for rapid industrialization, arguing that only strong industrialized countries will win wars, while "weak" nations are "beaten". Stalin states: "We are fifty or a hundred years behind the advanced countries. We must make good this distance in ten years. Either we do it, or they will crush us." The first five-year plan in the Soviet Union is intensified, for the industrialization and collectivization of agriculture. * February 10 – Official ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2021 Deaths
This is a list of deaths of notable people, organised by year. New deaths articles are added to their respective month (e.g., Deaths in ) and then linked here. 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1988 1987 See also * Lists of deaths by day * :Deaths by year, Deaths by year {{DEFAULTSORT:deaths by year Lists of deaths by year, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Writers
Chronological list of French language authors (regardless of nationality), by date of birth. For an alphabetical list of writers of French nationality (broken down by genre), see French writers category. Middle Ages * Turold (eleventh century) * Wace (1110 – c.1180) * Chrétien de Troyes (c.1135 – c.1183) * Richard the Lionheart (Richard Coeur de Lion) (1157–1199) * Benoît de Sainte-Maure (12th-century) * Herman de Valenciennes (12th-century) * Le Châtelain de Couci (d.1203) * Jean Bodel (12th century – c.1210) * Conon de Béthune (c.1150–1220) * Geoffroi de Villehardouin (c.1160 – c.1213) * Béroul (c.1170) * Thomas d'Angleterre (c.1170) * Aimeric de Peguilhan (c.1170 -c. 1230) * Gace Brulé (c.1170) * Marie de France (c.1175) * Gautier de Coincy (1177/8–1236) * Gautier de Dargies (c.1170–after 1236) * Gautier d'Espinal († before July 1272) * Gillebert de Berneville ( fl c.1255) * Gontier de Soignies ( fl c.1180–1220) * Guiot de Dijon ( fl c.1200� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
