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Jasta 11
Royal Prussian Jagdstaffel 11 ("No 11 Fighter Squadron"; commonly abbreviated to Jasta 11) was founded on 28 September 1916 from elements of 4 Armee's ''Kampfeinsitzerkommandos'' (or KEKs) 1, 2 and 3 and mobilized on 11 October as part of the German Air Service's expansion program, forming permanent specialised fighter squadrons, or "'' Jastas''". It became the most successful fighter squadron in the ''Luftstreitkräfte''. Founding Jasta 11's first commander was First Lieutenant (''Oberleutnant'') Rudolf Lang, from its mobilization at Brayelles, until 14 January 1917. ''Jasta'' 11's first months of operations were very undistinguished. It was not until the appointment of 24-year-old Cavalry Captain (''Rittmeister'') Manfred von Richthofen on 16 January 1917 as Commanding Officer that the unit commenced its path to fame and immortality. Von Richthofen, later known as the Red Baron (due to the practice of painting his aircraft red for easy identification during combat) wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Douai
Douai ( , , ; ; ; formerly spelled Douay or Doway in English) is a city in the Nord (French department), Nord département in northern France. It is a Subprefectures in France, sub-prefecture of the department. Located on the river Scarpe (river), Scarpe some from Lille and from Arras, Douai is home to one of the region's most impressive belfry (architecture), belfries. History Its site probably corresponds to that of a 4th-century Roman fortress known as Duacum. From the 10th century, the town was a Romance languages, romance fiefdom of the Count of Flanders, counts of County of Flanders, Flanders. The town became a flourishing textile market centre during the Middle Ages, historically known as Douay or Doway in English. In 1384, the county of Flanders passed into the domains of the Dukes of Burgundy and thence in 1477 into Habsburg possessions. In 1667, Douai was taken by the troops of Louis XIV of France, and by the 1668 Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1668), Treaty of Aix-la-C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Red Baron
Red is the color at the long wavelength end of the visible spectrum of light, next to orange and opposite violet. It has a dominant wavelength of approximately 625–750 nanometres. It is a primary color in the RGB color model and a secondary color (made from magenta and yellow) in the CMYK color model, and is the complementary color of cyan. Reds range from the brilliant yellow-tinged scarlet and vermillion to bluish-red crimson, and vary in shade from the pale red pink to the dark red burgundy. Red pigment made from ochre was one of the first colors used in prehistoric art. The Ancient Egyptians and Mayans colored their faces red in ceremonies; Roman generals had their bodies colored red to celebrate victories. It was also an important color in China, where it was used to color early pottery and later the gates and walls of palaces. In the Renaissance, the brilliant red costumes for the nobility and wealthy were dyed with kermes and cochineal. The 19th ce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sebastian Festner
'' Vizefeldwebel'' Sebastian Festner (30 June 1894 – 25 April 1917) was an air ace of the Luftstreitkräfte (German Air Force) during World War I, with 12 victories. He was only the second awardee of the Member's Cross of the House Order of Hohenzollern. Early life and service Festner was born in Holzkirchen, Kingdom of Bavaria, on 30 June 1894. He originally served with, and was wounded with, the infantry before switching to aviation.The Aerodrome website's page on Festner http://www.theaerodrome.com/aces/germany/festner.php Retrieved on 15 April 2010. He was a mechanic with ''Flieger Abtleilung Nr. 1'' in October 1914. Posted to ''Flieger Abtleilung Nr. 7b'' in February 1915 as a Gefreiter, Festner learned to fly unofficially, and then underwent training with ''Fliegerersatz-Abteilung 2b'' and ''Fliegerersatz-Abteilung 5b''.Franks et al 1993, pp. 105–106. He served briefly with two seater units ''Flieger-Abteilung'' 18 and ''Flieger-Abteilung'' 5b, arriving at FA 18 on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lothar Von Richthofen
Lothar Siegfried Freiherr von Richthofen (27 September 1894 – 4 July 1922) was a German First World War fighter ace credited with 40 victories. He was a younger brother of top-scoring ace Manfred von Richthofen (the ''Red Baron'') and a distant cousin of Luftwaffe Field Marshal Wolfram von Richthofen, who also became a flying ace. Following the war, Lothar worked for a while on a farm before taking an industrial position. He married in June 1919 and had two children. Yearning for aviation, he accepted a position as a pilot, conveying passengers and postal mail between Berlin and Hamburg. He died aged 27 on 4 July 1922 in a flying accident at Fuhlsbüttel. Early career Richthofen was born on 27 September 1894. He and his brothers, Manfred and Bolko,Not to be confused with the archaeologist Bolko von Richthofen, a distant cousin hunted wild boar, elk, birds, and deer. Like his brother Manfred, Lothar began the war as a cavalry officer with the 4th Dragoon Regiment. He ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karl Schäfer (World War I Ace)
Karl Schäfer may refer to: *Karl Schäfer (figure skater) Karl Schäfer (17 May 1909 – 23 April 1976) was an Austrian single skating, figure skater and swimmer. In figure skating, he became a two-time Olympic champion at the Figure skating at the 1932 Winter Olympics, 1932 Winter Olympics and the Figur ..., Austrian figure skater and swimmer * Karl Schäfer (SS-Brigadeführer), German SS officer * Karl Emil Schäfer, German pilot in the first world war See also * Karl Schaefer, American television producer {{hndis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kurt Wolff (World War I Ace)
''Oberleutnant'' Kurt Robert Wilhelm Wolff PlM (6 February 1895 – 15 September 1917) was one of Imperial Germany's highest-scoring fighter aces during World War I. The frail youthful orphan originally piloted bombers before being picked by Manfred von Richthofen to join ''Jagdstaffel 11'' (Fighter Squadron 11) in the burgeoning Imperial German Air Service. Under the tutelage of Richthofen, Wolff would shoot down 33 enemy aircraft in four months, including 22 victims during the Royal Flying Corps' disastrous Bloody April, 1917. Wolff scored victories so rapidly he outran the Prussian awards system; although the Pour le Merite was customarily awarded after a fighter ace's 20th victory, Wolff's was not received until after his 29th. On 6 May 1917, after this 29th victory, Wolff was transferred to command '' Jagdstaffel 29'' and score two victories. When Richthofen moved up from ''Jagdstaffel 11'' to become the wing commander of the Flying Circus, his replacement as ''Jagdstaff ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bloody April
Bloody April was the (largely successful) British air support operation during the Battle of Arras (1917), Battle of Arras in April 1917, during which particularly heavy casualties were suffered by the Royal Flying Corps at the hands of the German ''Luftstreitkräfte''. The tactical, technological, and training differences between the two sides ensured the British suffered a casualty rate nearly four times as great as their opponents. The losses were so disastrous that it threatened to undermine the morale of entire Squadron (aviation), squadrons. The RFC contributed to the success, limited as it finally proved, of the British Army during the five-week series of battles. Background In April 1917 the British Army began an offensive at Arras, planned in conjunction with the French High Command, who were simultaneously embarking on a massive attack (the ''Nivelle Offensive'') about to the south. The Royal Flying Corps (RFC) supported British operations by offering close air suppor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Royal Flying Corps
The Royal Flying Corps (RFC) was the air arm of the British Army before and during the First World War until it merged with the Royal Naval Air Service on 1 April 1918 to form the Royal Air Force. During the early part of the war, the RFC supported the British Army by artillery co-operation and photographic reconnaissance. This work gradually led RFC pilots into aerial battles with German pilots and later in the war included the strafing of enemy infantry and emplacements, the bombing of German military airfields and later the strategic bombing of German industrial and transport facilities. At the start of World War I the RFC, commanded by Brigadier-General Sir David Henderson, consisted of five squadrons – one observation balloon squadron (RFC No 1 Squadron) and four aeroplane squadrons. These were first used for aerial spotting on 13 September 1914 but only became efficient when they perfected the use of wireless communication at Aubers Ridge on 9 May 1915. Ae ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Arras (1917)
The Battle of Arras, also known as the Second Battle of Arras, was a British offensive on the Western Front (World War I), Western Front during the First World War. From 9 April to 16 May 1917, British troops attacked German defences near the French city of Arras on the Western Front. The British achieved the longest advance since trench warfare had begun, surpassing the record set by the French Sixth Army (France), Sixth Army on 1 July 1916. The British advance slowed in the next few days and the German defence recovered. The battle became a costly stalemate for both sides and by the end of the battle, the British Third Army (United Kingdom), Third Army and the First Army (United Kingdom), First Army had suffered about 160,000 casualties and the German 6th Army (German Empire), 6th Army about 125,000. For much of the war, the opposing armies on the Western Front were at a stalemate, with a continuous line of Trench warfare, trenches from the Belgian coast to the France-Switzerla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sesquiplane
A biplane is a fixed-wing aircraft with two main wings stacked one above the other. The first powered, controlled aeroplane to fly, the Wright Flyer, used a biplane wing arrangement, as did many aircraft in the early years of aviation. While a biplane wing structure has a structural advantage over a monoplane, it produces more drag than a monoplane wing. Improved structural techniques, better materials and higher speeds made the biplane configuration obsolete for most purposes by the late 1930s. Biplanes offer several advantages over conventional cantilever monoplane designs: they permit lighter wing structures, low wing loading and smaller span for a given wing area. However, interference between the airflow over each wing increases drag substantially, and biplanes generally need extensive bracing, which causes additional drag. Biplanes are distinguished from tandem wing arrangements, where the wings are placed forward and aft, instead of above and below. The term is also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arras
Arras ( , ; ; historical ) is the prefecture of the Pas-de-Calais department, which forms part of the region of Hauts-de-France; before the reorganization of 2014 it was in Nord-Pas-de-Calais. The historic centre of the Artois region, with a Baroque town square, Arras is in northern France at the confluence of the rivers Scarpe and Crinchon. The Arras plain is on a large chalk plateau bordered on the north by the Marqueffles fault, on the southwest by the Artois and Ternois hills, and on the south by the slopes of Beaufort-Blavincourt. On the east it is connected to the Scarpe valley. Saint Vedast (or St. Vaast) was the first Catholic bishop in the year 499 and tried to eliminate paganism among the Franks. By 843, Arras was seat of the County of Artois which became part of the Royal domain in 1191. The first mention of the name ''Arras'' appeared in the 12th century. Some hypothesize it is a contraction of '' Atrebates'', a Belgic tribe of Gaul and Britain that u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
6th Army (German Empire)
The 6th Army () was an army level command of the German Army in World War I. It was formed on mobilization in August 1914 from the IV Army Inspectorate. The army was disbanded in 1919 during demobilization after the war. History At the outbreak of World War I, command of the army was given to Rupprecht, Crown Prince of Bavaria (''Kronprinz Rupprecht von Bayern''). The 6th Army initially consisted of the units of the Bavarian Army (which had retained military sovereignty after the unification of Germany), with some additional Prussian units. During the execution of Plan XVII, the 6th Army was stationed in the Central sector, covering Lorraine. In August 1914, in the Battle of Lorraine, Rupprecht's 6th Army managed to hold against the French offensive, using a feigned withdrawal to lure the advancing armies onto prepared defensive positions. After the Western Front turned to stalemate and the opposing forces formed lines of trenches, the 6th Army was based in Northern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
