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Jan Kochanowski (politician)
Jan Kochanowski (; 1530 – 22 August 1584) was a Polish Renaissance List of Polish-language poets, poet who wrote in Neo-Latin, Latin and Polish and established poetic patterns that would become integral to Polish literature, Polish literary language. He has been called the greatest Polish poet before Adam Mickiewicz (the latter, a leading Romanticism in Poland, Romantic writer) and one of the most influential Slavs, Slavic poets prior to the 19th century. In his youth Kochanowski traveled to Italy, where he studied at the University of Padua, and to France. In 1559 he returned to Poland, where he made the acquaintance of political and religious notables including Jan Tarnowski (1550–1605), Jan Tarnowski, Piotr Myszkowski (bishop), Piotr Myszkowski (whom he briefly served as courtier), and members of the influential Radziwiłł family. From about 1563, Kochanowski served as secretary to King Sigismund II Augustus. He accompanied the King to several noteworthy events, includin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radziwiłł Family
The House of Radziwiłł (; lt, Radvila; be, Радзівіл, Radzivił; german: link=no, Radziwill) is a powerful magnate family originating from the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and later also prominent in the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland. The family was founded by Radvila Astikas, but over time it split into many branches, such as the Biržai-Dubingiai and Goniądz-Meteliai lines. However, most of the branches became extinct by the 18th century, with only the Nesvizh-Kleck-Ołyka line surviving to this day. Their descendants were highly prominent for centuries, first in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, later in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Kingdom of Prussia. The family produced many individuals notable in History of Lithuania, Lithuanian, history of Poland, Polish, history of Belarus, Belarusian, history of Germany, German as well as general history of Europe, European history and culture of Europe, culture. The Radziwiłł family received the title of ''Reichs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Verse Form
Poetry (derived from the Greek '' poiesis'', "making"), also called verse, is a form of literature that uses aesthetic and often rhythmic qualities of language − such as phonaesthetics, sound symbolism, and metre − to evoke meanings in addition to, or in place of, a prosaic ostensible meaning. A poem is a literary composition, written by a poet, using this principle. Poetry has a long and varied history, evolving differentially across the globe. It dates back at least to prehistoric times with hunting poetry in Africa and to panegyric and elegiac court poetry of the empires of the Nile, Niger, and Volta River valleys. Some of the earliest written poetry in Africa occurs among the Pyramid Texts written during the 25th century BCE. The earliest surviving Western Asian epic poetry, the ''Epic of Gilgamesh'', was written in Sumerian. Early poems in the Eurasian continent evolved from folk songs such as the Chinese ''Shijing'', as well as religious hymns (the Sanskrit ''R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Epigrams (Kochanowski)
''Fraszki'' (Polish: ; the title has been translated to English as ''Epigrams'', ''Trifles'', ''Facetious Verse'') is the 1584 three-book collection of 294 short, merry poems by Jan Kochanowski. They were written mostly during Kochanowski's courtier period, in the 1560s and 1570s. That work has been described as among his most popular, and spawned many imitators in Poland. Editions and translations The collection has been reprinted in Poland numerous times, including several times in the 17th century alone. Some reprints suffered from moral censorship; for example one poem alluding to clergy's homosexuality was often removed from subsequent editions. The first, if incomplete, translation of ''Fraszki'' was to Czech, by Bartosz Paprocki, published in Prague in 1598 (''Nova kratochvile''...). Some were translated to German; in fact Kochanowski has been said to be the first Polish poet to be translated to that language. translated over a hundred (138, to be exact) to that lang ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Homer
Homer (; grc, Ὅμηρος , ''Hómēros'') (born ) was a Greek poet who is credited as the author of the '' Iliad'' and the '' Odyssey'', two epic poems that are foundational works of ancient Greek literature. Homer is considered one of the most revered and influential authors in history. Homer's ''Iliad'' centers on a quarrel between King Agamemnon and the warrior Achilles during the last year of the Trojan War. The ''Odyssey'' chronicles the ten-year journey of Odysseus, king of Ithaca, back to his home after the fall of Troy. The poems are in Homeric Greek, also known as Epic Greek, a literary language which shows a mixture of features of the Ionic and Aeolic dialects from different centuries; the predominant influence is Eastern Ionic. Most researchers believe that the poems were originally transmitted orally. Homer's epic poems shaped aspects of ancient Greek culture and education, fostering ideals of heroism, glory, and honor. To Plato, Homer was simply t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Dismissal Of The Greek Envoys
''The Dismissal of the Greek Envoys'' (title also rendered as ''The Dismissal of the Grecian Envoys'', ''The Discharge of the Greek Envoys'', and ''The Envoys''; pl, Odprawa posłów greckich) is a tragedy written by Polish Renaissance poet Jan Kochanowski ca. 1565-66 and first published and performed in 1578. It recounts an incident leading up to the Trojan War, inspired by the writings of Homer. It is widely recognized as one of Kochanowski's finest works, and one of the most significant early plays written in Polish. History According to , Kochanowski wrote the play most likely around c.1565-66. However, Nobel Prize, Nobel laureate Czesław Miłosz implied it was commissioned by Jan Zamoyski for his wedding, an event that took part in the late 1570s. In either case, the play was not published or performed until it debuted at said wedding of Jan Zamoyski and Krystyna Radziwiłł at Ujazdów Castle in Warsaw on 12 January 1578, in front of the royal court and king Stephen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tragedy
Tragedy (from the grc-gre, τραγῳδία, ''tragōidia'', ''tragōidia'') is a genre of drama based on human suffering and, mainly, the terrible or sorrowful events that befall a main character. Traditionally, the intention of tragedy is to invoke an accompanying catharsis, or a "pain hatawakens pleasure", for the audience. While many cultures have developed forms that provoke this paradoxical response, the term ''tragedy'' often refers to a specific tradition of drama that has played a unique and important role historically in the self-definition of Western civilization. That tradition has been multiple and discontinuous, yet the term has often been used to invoke a powerful effect of cultural identity and historical continuity—"the Greeks and the Elizabethans, in one cultural form; Hellenes and Christians, in a common activity," as Raymond Williams puts it. From its origins in the theatre of ancient Greece 2500 years ago, from which there survives only a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elegy
An elegy is a poem of serious reflection, and in English literature usually a lament for the dead. However, according to ''The Oxford Handbook of the Elegy'', "for all of its pervasiveness ... the 'elegy' remains remarkably ill defined: sometimes used as a catch-all to denominate texts of a somber or pessimistic tone, sometimes as a marker for textual monumentalizing, and sometimes strictly as a sign of a lament for the dead". History The Greek term ἐλεγείᾱ (''elegeíā''; from , , ‘lament’) originally referred to any verse written in elegiac couplets and covering a wide range of subject matter (death, love, war). The term also included epitaphs, sad and mournful songs, and commemorative verses. The Latin elegy of ancient Roman literature was most often erotic or mythological in nature. Because of its structural potential for rhetorical effects, the elegiac couplet was also used by both Greek and Roman poets for witty, humorous, and satirical subject matter. Oth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Threnody
A threnody is a wailing ode, song, hymn or poem of mourning composed or performed as a memorial to a dead person. The term originates from the Greek word θρηνῳδία (''threnoidia''), from θρῆνος (''threnos'', "wailing") and ᾠδή (''oide'', "ode"), the latter ultimately from the Proto-Indo-European root *''h₂weyd-'' ("to sing") that is also the precursor of such words as "ode", "tragedy", "comedy", "parody", "melody" and "rhapsody". Similar terms include "dirge", " coronach", "lament" and "elegy". The '' Epitaphios Threnos'' is the lamentation chanted in the Eastern Orthodox Church on Holy Saturday. John Dryden commemorated the death of Charles II of England in the long poem '' Threnodia Augustalis'', and Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote a "Threnody" in memory of his son. Examples In written works: *Countee Cullen's "Threnody for a Brown Girl" *Bruce Dawe's poem "Homecoming" *Ralph Waldo Emerson's "Threnody" * Peter H. Gilmore's "Threnody for Humanity" * A. E. Hou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laments (Kochanowski)
The ''Laments'' (also '' Lamentations'' or '' Threnodies''; pl, Treny, originally spelled ''Threny'') are a series of nineteen threnodies ( elegies) by Jan Kochanowski. Written in Polish and published in 1580, they are a highlight of Polish Renaissance literature, and one of Kochanowski's signature achievements.Poet's Corner: "Jan Kochanowski's ''Threnodies'' ", in '''', no. 43 (470) (October 26, 1997). Includes ''Threnody V''. "Jan KOCHANOWSKI , by Prof. Edmund Kotarski, in the ''Virtual Library of Polish Literature''. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Czarnolas, Zwoleń County
Czarnolas is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Policzna, within Zwoleń County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately north-east of Zwoleń and south-east of Warsaw. The village's name translates to "blackwood" or "black forest". From 1975 to 1998, it was part of Radom Voivodeship. Czarnolas is famous as the residence of the Polish Renaissance poet, Jan Kochanowski. The village belonged to the Kochanowski family for a century, then frequently changed owners. In 1830, on the site of the poet's manor house, which had burned down, a Neogothic chapel was erected. In 1961, in the Jabłonowski family's 19th-century manor house, within a picturesque garden, was established the Jan Kochanowski Museum, before which stands a statue A statue is a free-standing sculpture in which the realistic, full-length figures of persons or animals are carved or cast in a durable material such as wood, metal or stone. Typical statues are life-s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poznań Cathedral
The Archcathedral Basilica of St. Peter and St. Paul in Poznań is one of the oldest churches in Poland and the oldest Polish cathedral, dating from the 10th century. It stands on the island of Ostrów Tumski north-east of the city centre. History The cathedral was originally built in the second half of the 10th century within the fortified settlement ''(gród)'' of Poznań, which stood on what is now called Ostrów Tumski. This was one of the main political centers in the early Polish state, and included a ducal palace (excavated by archaeologists since 1999, beneath the Church of the Virgin Mary which stands in front of the cathedral). The palace included a chapel, perhaps built for Dobrawa, the Christian wife of Poland's first historical ruler, Mieszko I. Mieszko himself was baptised in 966, possibly at Poznań – this is regarded as a key event in the Christianization of Poland and consolidation of the state. The cathedral was built around this time; it was raised to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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