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Jan Ferdynand Nax
Jan Ferdynand Nax (April 1736 – 19 January 1810) was an architect, economist, social reformer and adviser on the navigability and conservation of Poland's water resources. While he was born in Gdańsk, and was of German origin, Nax spent most of his life in Poland and was strongly assimilated into Polish society. As an economist, Nax based his thinking around the theory of mercantilism, which generally supported the development of a monetary-based economy instead of the system of servitude which then existed in Poland. He was a close adviser Poland's last king, Stanisław August Poniatowski, in the king's failed attempts reform which preceded the First Partition of Poland, among Russia, Prussia and Austria, in 1772. Nax supported the development of trade and production, stressed the need for reform in agriculture, and promoted enfranchisement of the peasant class. He was also an adviser on tax policy, and a supporter of protectionism in foreign trade. Also appointed as a roy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gdańsk
Gdańsk ( , also ; ; csb, Gduńsk;Stefan Ramułt, ''Słownik języka pomorskiego, czyli kaszubskiego'', Kraków 1893, Gdańsk 2003, ISBN 83-87408-64-6. , Johann Georg Theodor Grässe, ''Orbis latinus oder Verzeichniss der lateinischen Benennungen der bekanntesten Städte etc., Meere, Seen, Berge und Flüsse in allen Theilen der Erde nebst einem deutsch-lateinischen Register derselben''. T. Ein Supplement zu jedem lateinischen und geographischen Wörterbuche. Dresden: G. Schönfeld’s Buchhandlung (C. A. Werner), 1861, p. 71, 237.); Stefan Ramułt, ''Słownik języka pomorskiego, czyli kaszubskiego'', Kraków 1893, Gdańsk 2003, ISBN 83-87408-64-6. * , )Johann Georg Theodor Grässe, ''Orbis latinus oder Verzeichniss der lateinischen Benennungen der bekanntesten Städte etc., Meere, Seen, Berge und Flüsse in allen Theilen der Erde nebst einem deutsch-lateinischen Register derselben''. T. Ein Supplement zu jedem lateinischen und geographischen Wörterbuche. Dresden: G. Schönf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mercantilism
Mercantilism is an economic policy that is designed to maximize the exports and minimize the imports for an economy. It promotes imperialism, colonialism, tariffs and subsidies on traded goods to achieve that goal. The policy aims to reduce a possible current account (balance of payments), current account deficit or reach a current account surplus, and it includes measures aimed at accumulating foreign-exchange reserves, monetary reserves by a positive balance of trade, especially of finished goods. Historically, such policies frequently led to war and motivated colonialism, colonial expansion. Mercantilist theory varies in sophistication from one writer to another and has evolved over time. It promotes government regulation of a nation's economy for the purpose of augmenting state power at the expense of rival national powers. High tariffs, especially on manufactured goods, were almost universally a feature of mercantilist policy.John J. McCusker, ''Mercantilism and the Econom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stanisław August Poniatowski
Stanisław II August (born Stanisław Antoni Poniatowski; 17 January 1732 – 12 February 1798), known also by his regnal Latin name Stanislaus II Augustus, was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1764 to 1795, and the last monarch of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Born into wealthy Polish aristocracy, Poniatowski arrived as a diplomat at the Russian imperial court in Saint Petersburg in 1755 at the age of 22 and became intimately involved with the future empress Catherine the Great. With her connivance, he was elected King of Poland by the Polish Diet in September 1764 following the death of Augustus III. Contrary to expectations, Poniatowski attempted to reform and strengthen the large but ailing Commonwealth. His efforts were met with external opposition from neighbouring Prussia, Russia and Austria, all committed to keeping the Commonwealth weak. From within he was opposed by conservative interests, which saw the reforms as a threat to their traditiona ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Małachowski Palace In Nałęczów
Małachowski (feminine Małachowska) is a Polish surname, it may refer to: * Adrian Małachowski (born 1998), Polish footballer * Godzimir Małachowski (1852–1908), Polish lawyer * Jacek Małachowski (1737–1821), Polish nobleman and politician * Kazimierz Małachowski (1765–1845), Polish general * Nicole Malachowski (born 1974), American aviator * Piotr Małachowski (born 1983), Polish athlete * Ricardo de Jaxa Malachowski, Peruvian architect * Stanisław Małachowski (1736–1809), Polish nobleman and politician * Wilhelm von Malachowski (1914–1980), German military officer * The House of Małachowski (Nałęcz) A house is a single-unit residential building. It may range in complexity from a rudimentary hut to a complex structure of wood, masonry, concrete or other material, outfitted with plumbing, electrical, and heating, ventilation, and air condit ..., a noted Polish family {{surname Polish-language surnames ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Szczekociny
Szczekociny () is a town on the Pilica river, in Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland, with 3,612 inhabitants (2019). Even though Szczekociny administratively belongs to the Silesian Voivodeship, it is part of historic region of Lesser Poland. It was granted town rights in 1398. History Szczekociny was the location of a motte-and-bailey castle from the 13th-14th century, which is now an archaeological site. First mention of Szczekociny comes from 1307. At that time, the village belonged to the Odrowąż noble family. It was administratively located in the Lelów County in the Kraków Voivodeship in the Lesser Poland Province of the Kingdom of Poland. In the late 14th century Szczekociny became the seat of the Odrowąż family, emerging as a local trade and craft center. It was granted town rights in 1398. In the 16th century, the town, together with other locations of Lesser Poland, enjoyed the period of prosperity known as the Polish Golden Age. In the mid-17th cen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Palace At Nakło
The Palace at Nakło, located in the village of Nakło, administrative district of Lelów; Częstochowa County, province of Silesia, is an example of neoclassical architecture. It was designed by the architect Jan Ferdynand Nax (1736-1810). It is a downsized and simplified reflection of the much larger and grander neoclassical palace at Szczekociny, six kilometers to the east. Nax, who was also a prominent economist of the time, constructed the two palaces simultaneously between 1770 and 1780. The 8.5-hectare (21 acre) park surrounding the Nakło palace, of a classic Arcadian style, most likely also was designed by Nax. Eighty of the trees in the park have stood for more than 230 years; five of those are designated as Polish national treasures. For the Nakło palace's foundation, Nax used calcium-based stone, which is natural to the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland The Kraków-Częstochowa Upland, also known as the Polish Jurassic Highland or Polish Jura ( pl, Jura Krakowsko-Cz� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1736 Births
Events January–March * January 12 – George Hamilton, 1st Earl of Orkney, becomes the first Field Marshal of Great Britain. * January 23 – The Civil Code of 1734 is passed in Sweden. * January 26 – Stanislaus I of Poland abdicates his throne. * February 12 – Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor marries Maria Theresa of Austria, ruler of the Habsburg Empire. * March 8 – Nader Shah, founder of the Afsharid dynasty, is crowned Shah of Iran on a date selected by court astrologers. * March 31 – Bellevue Hospital is founded in New York. April–June * April 14 – The Porteous Riots erupt in Edinburgh (Scotland), after the execution of smuggler Andrew Wilson, when town guard Captain John Porteous orders his men to fire at the crowd. Porteous is arrested later. * April 14 – German adventurer Theodor Stephan Freiherr von Neuhoff is crowned King Theodore of Corsica, 25 days after his arrival on Corsica on March 20. His r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1810 Deaths
Year 181 ( CLXXXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Aurelius and Burrus (or, less frequently, year 934 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 181 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * Imperator Lucius Aurelius Commodus and Lucius Antistius Burrus become Roman Consuls. * The Antonine Wall is overrun by the Picts in Britannia (approximate date). Oceania * The volcano associated with Lake Taupō in New Zealand erupts, one of the largest on Earth in the last 5,000 years. The effects of this eruption are seen as far away as Rome and China. Births * April 2 – Xian of Han, Chinese emperor (d. 234) * Zhuge Liang, Chinese chancellor and regent (d. 234) Deaths * Aelius Aristides, Greek orator and w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish Economists
Polish may refer to: * Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe * Polish language * Poles, people from Poland or of Polish descent * Polish chicken * Polish brothers (Mark Polish and Michael Polish, born 1970), American twin screenwriters Polish may refer to: * Polishing, the process of creating a smooth and shiny surface by rubbing or chemical action ** French polishing, polishing wood to a high gloss finish * Nail polish * Shoe polish * Polish (screenwriting), improving a script in smaller ways than in a rewrite See also * * * Polonaise (other) A polonaise ()) is a stately dance of Polish origin or a piece of music for this dance. Polonaise may also refer to: * Polonaises (Chopin), compositions by Frédéric Chopin ** Polonaise in A-flat major, Op. 53 (french: Polonaise héroïque, ... {{Disambiguation, surname Language and nationality disambiguation pages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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