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James Cockburn (politician, Born 1819)
James W. Cockburn (February 13, 1819 – August 14, 1883) was a Canadian politician and a father of Canadian Confederation. He served as the first speaker of the House of Commons. Early life He was born in Berwick-Upon-Tweed on the English–Scottish border and immigrated to Canada with his father, James Cockburn Snr. (1787–1832), mother, Sarah Turnbull (1797–1866) and brother, Adam (1820–1860), at the age of 13. After attending Upper Canada College and Osgoode Hall, he established a law practice in Cobourg, Ontario. Career In the 1850s, Cockburn was elected to the town council. In 1861, he was elected to the Province of Canada's legislative assembly as a Reformer representing Northumberland West. Despite elected as an opponent of the Macdonald– Cartier administration, Cockburn switched allegiances and became a supporter of Macdonald's Liberal-Conservative Party. Cockburn attended the Quebec Conference of 1864 as a supporter of Confederation. After Confedera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Northumberland West
Northumberland West was a federal electoral district represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1917. It was located in the province of Ontario. It was created by the British North America Act 1867. The original definition of the riding is not known. In 1903, it was defined to consist of the townships of Alnwick, Haldimand and Hamilton, and the town of Cobourg. The electoral district was abolished in 1914 when it was merged into Northumberland riding. Members of Parliament This riding has elected the following members of Parliament: Election history , - , Conservative , James Cockburn , align="right", acclaimed , - , Conservative , James Cockburn , align="right", acclaimed , - , Liberal , William Kerr , align="right", 1,336 , Conservative , James Cockburn , align="right", 1,105 , - , Liberal , William Kerr , align="right", 1,315 , Unknown , Sidney Smith , align="right", 1,160 , - , Conservative , James ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Legislative Assembly Of The Province Of Canada
The Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada was the lower house of the Parliament of the Province of Canada. The Province of Canada consisted of the former province of Lower Canada, then known as Canada East (now Quebec), and Upper Canada, then known as Canada West (now Ontario). It was created by the Act of Union 1840. Canada East and Canada West each elected 42 members to the assembly for the first four parliaments. In 1853, following the 1851 Canadian census, the number of seats in the assembly was increased by the 4th Parliament of the Province of Canada from 84 to 130, 65 for each section, even though Canada West had a slightly larger population. The ''Parliamentary Representation Act'' of June 1853 was to take effect with the election for the 5th Parliament of the Province of Canada. The upper house of the legislature was called the Legislative Council of the Province of Canada, Legislative Council. The two houses, the lower house and the upper house, constituted th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Statute
A statute is a law or formal written enactment of a legislature. Statutes typically declare, command or prohibit something. Statutes are distinguished from court law and unwritten law (also known as common law) in that they are the expressed will of a legislative body, whether that be on the behalf of a country, state or province, county, municipality, or so on. Depending on the legal system, a statute may also be referred to as an "act." Etymology The word appears in use in English as early as the 14th century. "Statute" and earlier English spellings were derived from the Old French words ''statut'', ''estatut'', ''estatu,'' meaning "(royal) promulgation, (legal) statute." These terms were in turn derived from the Late Latin ''statutum,'' meaning "a law, decree." Publication and organization In virtually all countries, newly enacted statutes are published and distributed so that everyone can look up the statutory law. This can be done in the form of a government gazette, whi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1878 Canadian Federal Election
The 1878 Canadian federal election was held on September 17, 1878, to elect members of the House of Commons of Canada, House of Commons of the 4th Canadian Parliament, 4th Parliament of Canada. It resulted in the end of Prime Minister of Canada, Prime Minister Alexander Mackenzie (politician), Alexander Mackenzie's Liberal Party of Canada, Liberal government after only one term in office. Canada suffered an Long Depression, economic depression during Mackenzie's term, and his party was punished by voters for it. The Liberals' policy of free trade also hurt their support with the business establishment in Toronto and Montreal. Sir John A. Macdonald and his Conservative Party of Canada (historical), Conservative Party were returned to power after having been defeated four years before amidst Pacific Scandal, scandals over the building of the Canadian Pacific Railway. National results Note: * Party did not nominate candidates in the previous election. Acclamations The follow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pacific Scandal
The Pacific Scandal was a political scandal in Canada involving large sums of money paid by private interests to the Conservative Party to cover election expenses in the 1872 Canadian federal election in order to influence the bidding for a national rail contract. As part of British Columbia's 1871 agreement to join the Canadian Confederation, the federal government had agreed to build a transcontinental railway linking the seaboard of British Columbia to the eastern provinces. The scandal led to the resignation of Canada's first prime minister, John A. Macdonald, and a transfer of power from his Conservative government to a Liberal government, led by Alexander Mackenzie. One of the new government's first measures was to introduce secret ballots in an effort to improve the integrity of future elections. After the scandal broke, the railway plan collapsed, and the proposed line was not built. An entirely different operation later built the Canadian Pacific Railway to the Pacif ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1874 Canadian Federal Election
The 1874 Canadian federal election was held on January 22, 1874, to elect members of the House of Commons of Canada of the 3rd Canadian Parliament, 3rd Parliament of Canada. Sir John A. Macdonald, who had recently been forced out of office as prime minister, and his Conservative Party of Canada, Conservatives were defeated by the Liberal Party of Canada, Liberal Party under their new leader Prime Minister of Canada, Prime Minister Alexander Mackenzie (politician), Alexander Mackenzie. Macdonald's government had been forced to resign on November 5, 1873, because of allegations of corruption relating to the construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway (see the Pacific Scandal). The Tories were unable to recover from the scandal and lost the next election. The Liberals under Mackenzie had formed a government on November 7 and then called an election for January. The election was the first general election after Prince Edward Island's entry into Confederation. Mackenzie was a refo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parliamentary Opposition
Parliamentary opposition is a form of political opposition to a designated government, particularly in a Westminster-based parliamentary system. This article uses the term ''government'' as it is used in Parliamentary systems, i.e. meaning ''the administration'' or ''the cabinet'' rather than ''the state''. In some countries, the title of "Official Opposition" is conferred upon the largest political party sitting in opposition in the legislature, with said party's leader being accorded the title "Leader of the Opposition". In first-past-the-post assemblies, where the tendency to gravitate into two major parties or party groupings operates strongly, ''government'' and ''opposition'' roles can go to the two main groupings serially in alternation. The more proportionally representative a system, the greater the likelihood of multiple political parties appearing in the parliamentary debating chamber. Such systems can foster multiple "opposition" parties which may have little in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Speaker Of The House Of Commons Of Canada
The speaker of the House of Commons () is the presiding officer of the lower house of the Parliament of Canada. A member of Parliament (MP), a speaker is elected at the beginning of each new parliament by fellow MPs. The speaker's role in presiding over the House of Commons of Canada is similar to that of speakers elsewhere in other countries that use the Westminster system. The 40th speaker of the House of Commons is Francis Scarpaleggia, who assumed the role on May 26, 2025. The speaker with the longest tenure is Peter Milliken who was elected for four consecutive terms lasting 10 years, 124 days. Role In Canada it is the speaker's responsibility to manage the House of Commons and supervise its staff. It is also the speaker's duty to act as a liaison with the Senate and the Crown. They are to rule over the house and have the government answer questions during the question period as well as keep decorum with the house. The speaker receives a salary of CA$309,700 ($209,800 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1867 Canadian Federal Election
The 1867 Canadian federal election was held from August 7 to September 20, 1867, and was the first post-Confederation federal election in Canada. It was held to elect members representing electoral districts in the provinces of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec to the House of Commons of the 1st Canadian Parliament. The provinces of Manitoba (1870) and British Columbia (1871) were created during the term of the 1st Parliament of Canada and were not part of this election. Sir John A. Macdonald had been sworn in as prime minister by the Governor General, Lord Monck, when the new Canadian nation was founded on 1 July 1867. As leader of the Conservative Party of Canada (known as the Liberal-Conservative Party until 1873), he led his party in this election and continued as Prime Minister of Canada when the Conservatives won a majority of the seats in the election, including majorities of the seats (and votes) in the new provinces of Ontario and Quebec. The Liberal Part ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
House Of Commons Of Canada
The House of Commons of Canada () is the lower house of the Parliament of Canada. Together with the Monarchy of Canada#Parliament (King-in-Parliament), Crown and the Senate of Canada, they comprise the Bicameralism, bicameral legislature of Canada. The House of Commons is a democratically elected body whose members are known as Member of Parliament (Canada), members of Parliament (MPs). The number of MPs is adjusted periodically in alignment with each decennial Census in Canada, census. Since the 2025 Canadian federal election, 2025 federal election, the number of seats in the House of Commons has been 343. Members are elected plurality voting, by simple plurality ("first-past-the-post" system) in each of the country's Electoral district (Canada), electoral districts, which are colloquially known as ''ridings''. MPs may hold office until Parliament is dissolved and serve for constitutionally limited terms of up to five years after an election. Historically, however, terms have ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quebec Conference Of 1864
The Quebec Conference was held from October 10 to 24, 1864, to discuss a proposed Canadian confederation. It was in response to the shift in political ground when the United Kingdom and the United States had come very close to engaging in war with each other. Therefore, the overall goal of the conference was to elaborate on policies surrounding federalism and creating a single state, both of which had been discussed at the Charlottetown Conference around a month earlier. Canada West leader John A. Macdonald requested Governor-General Charles Monck to invite all representatives from the three Maritime provinces and Newfoundland to meet with the candidates who formed the United Canada to Quebec in October 1864. Although Newfoundland sent two observers, it did not participate directly in the proceedings. The beginnings at Charlottetown The Charlottetown Conference of September 1864, laid the foundations for the Quebec Conference and was a significant meeting that would determine ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conservative Party Of Canada (historical)
The Conservative Party of Canada (CPC; , ), sometimes referred to as the Tories, is a federal political party in Canada. It was formed in 2003 by the merger of the two main right-leaning parties, the Progressive Conservative Party (PC Party) and the Canadian Alliance, the latter being the successor of the Western Canadian–based Reform Party. The party sits at the centre-right to the right of the Canadian political spectrum, with their federal rival, the centre to centre-left Liberal Party of Canada, positioned to their left. The Conservatives are defined as a " big tent" party, practicing "brokerage politics" and welcoming a broad variety of members, including " Red Tories" and " Blue Tories". From Canadian Confederation in 1867 until 1942, the original Conservative Party of Canada formed numerous governments and had multiple names. However, by 1942, the main right-wing Canadian force became known as the Progressive Conservative Party. In the 1993 federal election ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
