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Jakób Mortkowicz
Jakub Mortkowicz (25 March 1876 − 9 August 1931) was a Polish book publisher and bookseller. Biography He was born to a Polish Jewish family in Opoczono, as a son of Eliasz. Young Jakub graduated from junior high school in Radom. Then, he was studying in Munich, Brussels and Antwerp, where he graduated from Trading Academy and was a member of the Association of the Polish Students (Stowarzyszenie Polskich Studentów) and the Federation of the Socialist Youth (Związek Młodzieży Socjalistycznej). After returning to Poland, he was working for Hyppolite Wawelberg and joined the Polish Socialist Party. For socialist activity, Jakub Mortkowicz was prisoned in the Warsaw Citadel and then he was punished by forced migration to the Caucasus Mountains. In 1903, when he returned to Warsaw, Mortkowicz and Teodor Toeplitz founded the Mortkowicz Towarzystwo Wydawnicze w Warszawie Sp. Akc., one of the most important book's companies in prewar Poland. In 1931 he committed suicide. Jakub M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Opoczno
Opoczno () is a town in south-central Poland, seat of Opoczno County in the Łódź Voivodeship. It has a long and rich history, and in the past it used to be one of the most important urban centers of northwestern Lesser Poland. Currently, Opoczno is an important road and rail junction; its patron saint is Saint Cecilia, and the town is famous across Poland for its folklore. Location Opoczno lies on the Wąglanka river, in northwestern corner of historic Lesser Poland, on the boundary between Lesser Polish Upland, and Mazovian Lowland. On December 31, 2020, its population was 20,746. The town and its gmina, commune have a total area of 190 km2, which makes it one of the largest communes in the voivodeship. In the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Opoczno was part of Sandomierz Voivodeship, and for centuries was the seat of a large county; in the Second Polish Republic (and from 1950 to 1975), it belonged to Kielce Voivodeship until 1 April 1938 and to Łódź Voivodeship (1919– ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Warsaw Citadel
Warsaw Citadel (Polish language, Polish: Cytadela Warszawska) is a 19th-century fortress in Warsaw, Poland. It was built by order of Tsar Nikolay I of Russia, Nicholas I after the suppression of the 1830 November Uprising in order to bolster imperial Russian control of the city. It served as a prison into the late 1930s, especially the dreaded Tenth Pavilion of the Warsaw Citadel (''X Pawilon Cytadeli Warszawskiej''); the latter has been a museum since 1963. History The Citadel was built by personal order of Tsar Nikolay I of Russia, Nicholas I after the 1830 November Uprising. Its chief architect, Major General Johan Jakob von Daehn (''Ivan Dehn''), used the plan of the Antwerp Citadel as the basis for his own plan (the same that was Siege of Antwerp (1832), demolished by the French later that year). The cornerstone was laid by Field Marshal Ivan Paskevich, ''de facto'' viceroy of Congress Poland. The fortress is a pentagon-shaped brick structure with high outer walls, en ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1931 Deaths
Events January * January 2 – South Dakota native Ernest Lawrence invents the cyclotron, used to accelerate particles to study nuclear physics. * January 4 – German pilot Elly Beinhorn begins her flight to Africa. * January 22 – Sir Isaac Isaacs is sworn in as the first Australian-born Governor-General of Australia. * January 25 – Mohandas Gandhi is again released from imprisonment in India. * January 27 – Pierre Laval forms a government in France. * January 30 – Charlie Chaplin comedy drama film ''City Lights'' receives its public premiere at the Los Angeles Theater with Albert Einstein as guest of honor. Contrary to the current trend in cinema, it is a silent film, but with a score by Chaplin. Critically and commercially successful from the start, it will place consistently in lists of films considered the best of all time. February * February 4 – Soviet leader Joseph Stalin gives a speech calling for rapid industrialization, arguing that only strong indus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
19th-century Polish Jews
The 19th century began on 1 January 1801 (represented by the Roman numerals MDCCCI), and ended on 31 December 1900 (MCM). It was the 9th century of the 2nd millennium. It was characterized by vast social upheaval. Slavery was abolished in much of Europe and the Americas. The First Industrial Revolution, though it began in the late 18th century, expanded beyond its British homeland for the first time during the 19th century, particularly remaking the economies and societies of the Low Countries, France, the Rhineland, Northern Italy, and the Northeastern United States. A few decades later, the Second Industrial Revolution led to ever more massive urbanization and much higher levels of productivity, profit, and prosperity, a pattern that continued into the 20th century. The Catholic Church, in response to the growing influence and power of modernism, secularism and materialism, formed the First Vatican Council in the late 19th century to deal with such problems and confirm ce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish Publishers (people)
Polish may refer to: * Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe * Polish language * Polish people, people from Poland or of Polish descent * Polish chicken * Polish brothers (Mark Polish and Michael Polish, born 1970), American twin screenwriters * Kevin Polish, an American Paralympian archer Polish may refer to: * Polishing, the process of creating a smooth and shiny surface by rubbing or chemical action ** French polishing, polishing wood to a high gloss finish * Nail polish * Shoe polish * Polish (screenwriting), improving a script in smaller ways than in a rewrite See also * * * Polishchuk (surname) * Polonaise (other) A polonaise ()) is a stately dance of Polish origin or a piece of music for this dance. Polonaise may also refer to: * Polonaises (Chopin), compositions by Frédéric Chopin ** Polonaise in A-flat major, Op. 53 (, ''Heroic Polonaise''; ) * Polon ... {{Disambiguation, surname Language and nationality disambiguation pages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1876 Births
Events January * January 1 ** The Reichsbank opens in Berlin. ** The Bass Brewery Red Triangle becomes the world's first registered trademark symbol. *January 27 – The Northampton Bank robbery occurs in Massachusetts. February * February 2 ** The National League of Professional Base Ball Clubs is formed at a meeting in Chicago; it replaces the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players. Morgan Bulkeley of the Hartford Dark Blues is selected as the league's first president. ** Third Carlist War (Spain): Battle of Montejurra – The new commander General Fernando Primo de Rivera marches on the remaining Carlist stronghold at Estella, where he meets a force of about 1,600 men under General Carlos Calderón, at nearby Montejurra. After a courageous and costly defence, Calderón is forced to withdraw. * February 14 – Alexander Graham Bell applies for a U.S. patent for the telephone, as does Elisha Gray. * February 19 – Third Carlist War ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joanna Olczak-Ronikier
Joanna Olczak-Ronikier (born 12 November 1934) is a Polish writer and scenarist, co-founder of the Piwnica pod Baranami cabaret in Kraków. Biography Joanna Olczak was born on 12 November 1934 in Warsaw to a Polish-Jewish family, as a daughter of Tadeusz Olczak and Hanna Mortkowicz (1905–1968), famous poet and writer. Her maternal grandmother Janina ''de domo'' Horwitz (1875–1960) also was a writer, while her husband Jakób Mortkowicz (1876–1931) was a book publisher. Joanna Olczak-Ronikier is also related with Maksymilian Horwitz, a politician, and Kamilla Kancewicz, a doctor. In 1994 she wrote a monograph about ''Piwnica pod Baranami'' and four years later a biography of Piotr Skrzynecki, founder of this cabaret. Olczak-Ronikier is also an author of many dramas, including ''Ja-Napoleon'' (Teatr Dramatyczny, Warsaw; 1968) and ''Z biegiem lat, z biegiem dni...'' (Teatr Stary, Cracow; 1978). In 2002 her memoir about her family's history ''W ogrodzie pamięci'' won t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hanna Mortkowicz-Olczakowa
Hanna Mortkowicz-Olczakowa (15 October 1905 – 5 January 1968) was a Polish poet and writer. She was the writer of several novels for children and young adults. Biography She was born on 15 October 1905 in Warsaw to a Jewish family, as a daughter of Jakób Mortkowicz (1876–1931), a book publisher and Janina Horwitz (1875–1960), a writer. Her parents were running a bookshop. Hanna Mortkowicz-Olczakowa graduated in Polish studies and art history from the University of Warsaw, also she studied painting at the Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw. As a poet she debuted in 1920. Mortkowicz-Olczakowa received Gold Cross of Merit (1955), Knight's Cross Order of Polonia Restituta (1959) and Officer's Cross Order of Polonia Restituta (1966). She was married with Tadeusz Olczak. Their daughter, Joanna Olczak-Ronikier Joanna Olczak-Ronikier (born 12 November 1934) is a Polish writer and scenarist, co-founder of the Piwnica pod Baranami cabaret in Kraków. Biography Joanna Olcz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jewish Cemetery In Warsaw
Jewish cemeteries of Warsaw refers to a number of Jewish necropolises in the city. Okopowa Street Jewish Cemetery Okopowa Street Jewish Cemetery is one of the largest Jewish cemeteries in Europe. Located on Okopowa Street and abutting the Powązki Cemetery, the Jewish Cemetery was established in 1806 and occupies 33 hectares (83 acres) of land. It is now the site of numerous overgrown and abandoned graves and crypts, having fallen in disrepair after the Nazi invasion of Poland and subsequent Holocaust. Although it was closed down during World War II, after the war it was reopened and a small portion of it remains active, serving Warsaw's small remaining Jewish population. Bródno Jewish Cemetery Bródno Jewish Cemetery was once much bigger than the earlier cemetery and served both the Jews of the right-bank borough of Praga and poorer Jews of other boroughs of the city of Warsaw. After the Okopowa Street cemetery became overcrowded, the Praga cemetery was intended as the main J ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caucasus Mountains
The Caucasus Mountains * * Azerbaijani: , * * * * * * * * * * * is a mountain range at the intersection of Asia and Europe. Stretching between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, they are surrounded by the Caucasus region and are home to Mount Elbrus, the highest peak in Europe at above sea level. The Caucasus Mountains include the Greater Caucasus in the north and the Lesser Caucasus in the south. The Greater Caucasus runs west-northwest to east-southeast, from the Western Caucasus on the northeastern shore of the Black Sea to close to Baku on the Caspian Sea, in Azerbaijan. The Lesser Caucasus runs parallel to the Greater about south. The Greater and Lesser Caucasus ranges are connected by the Likhi Range, and to the west and east of the Likhi Range lie the Colchis Plain and the Kur-Araz Lowland respectively. The Meskheti Range is a part of the Lesser Caucasus system. In the southeast, the Aras River separates the Lesser Caucasus from the Tal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish Socialist Party
The Polish Socialist Party (, PPS) is a democratic socialist political party in Poland. It was one of the most significant parties in Poland from its founding in 1892 until its forced merger with the communist Polish Workers' Party to form the Polish United Workers' Party in 1948. Józef Piłsudski, founder of the Second Polish Republic, was a member of and later led the PPS in the early 20th century. The party was re-established in 1987, near the end of the Polish People's Republic. However, it remained on the margins of Polish politics until 2019, when it won a seat in the Senate of Poland. History The Polish Socialist Party (PPS) was founded in Paris in 1892, during the period known as the Great Emigration. In 1893, a faction called the Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania (SDKPiL) split from the PPS. The PPS focused more on nationalism and Polish independence, while the SDKPiL adopted a far-left (Marxist), internationalist stance. In November 1892, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
