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Jahan Shah
Muzaffar al-Din Jahan Shah ibn Yusuf (; ; 1397 in Khoy or 1405 in Mardin – 30 October or 11 November 1467 near Bingöl) or Abu al-Muzaffar Jahan Shah was the leader of the Qara Qoyunlu Oghuz Turkic tribal confederacy in Azerbaijan (Iran), Azerbaijan and Arran (Azerbaijan), Arran who reigned c. 1438 – 1467. During his reign he managed to expand the Qara Qoyunlu's territory to its largest extent, including Anatolia, Eastern Anatolia, most of present-day Iraq, central Iran, and even eventually Kerman. He also conquered neighbouring states. He was one of the greatest rulers of the Qara Qoyunlu. He was also allegedly fond of drinking and entertainment. During his reign Jahan Shah had the Gökmedrese and Muzafferiye theological schools constructed in his capital city Tabriz. Early life Jahan Shah was the son of Qara Yusuf. He had several brothers, some of whom ruled the Qara Qoyunlu before him: Pirbudag (r.1411–1414), Ispend bin Yusuf, Iskandar (Qara Qoyunlu), Iskander (r.1421� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Rulers Of Qara Qoyunlu
“Al-i Qara Qoyunlu” and “Qara Yusifiyyān” The ruling family of the Qara Qoyunlu descended from the Yıwa tribe of the Oghuz Turks, specifically, the Baharlu tribe. They ruled over present-day Iran, Iraq, Azerbaijan and eastern Turkey. Titles The Qara Qoyunlu dynasty usually introduced itself in official and written sources as " Baharlu tribe", "Qara Qoyunlu people" or "Turcoman". They were from the Baharlu tribe, which belonged to the Yiva tribe of the Oghuz, and they emphasized this affiliation. The Qara Qoyunlu rulers often referred to themselves with titles such as "sahibqıran", "sultan", "emir" or "hökmdar-ı Türkmen" (King of Turcoman) and especially tried to emphasize their Turcoman identity. For example, the ruler Qara Yusif and his son Sultan Jahan shah Muzaffar al-Din Jahan Shah ibn Yusuf (; ; 1397 in Khoy or 1405 in Mardin – 30 October or 11 November 1467 near Bingöl) or Abu al-Muzaffar Jahan Shah was the leader of the Qara Qoyunlu Oghuz Turkic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iraq
Iraq, officially the Republic of Iraq, is a country in West Asia. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to Iraq–Saudi Arabia border, the south, Turkey to Iraq–Turkey border, the north, Iran to Iran–Iraq border, the east, the Persian Gulf and Kuwait to the Iraq–Kuwait border, southeast, Jordan to Iraq–Jordan border, the southwest, and Syria to Iraq–Syria border, the west. The country covers an area of and has Demographics of Iraq, a population of over 46 million, making it the List of countries by area, 58th largest country by area and the List of countries by population, 31st most populous in the world. Baghdad, home to over 8 million people, is the capital city and the List of largest cities of Iraq, largest in the country. Starting in the 6th millennium BC, the fertile plains between Iraq's Tigris and Euphrates rivers, referred to as Mesopotamia, fostered the rise of early cities, civilisations, and empires including Sumer, Akkadian Empire, Akkad, and Assyria. Known ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Timur
Timur, also known as Tamerlane (1320s17/18 February 1405), was a Turco-Mongol conqueror who founded the Timurid Empire in and around modern-day Afghanistan, Iran, and Central Asia, becoming the first ruler of the Timurid dynasty. An undefeated commander, he is widely regarded as one of the greatest military leaders and tacticians in history, as well as one of the most brutal and deadly. Timur is also considered a great patron of art and architecture, for he interacted with intellectuals such as Ibn Khaldun, Hafez, and Hafiz-i Abru and his reign introduced the Timurid Renaissance. Born into the Turkicized Mongol confederation of the Barlas in Transoxiana (in modern-day Uzbekistan) in the 1320s, Timur gained control of the western Chagatai Khanate by 1370. From that base he led military campaigns across Western, South, and Central Asia, the Caucasus, and Southern Russia, defeating in the process the Khans of the Golden Horde, the Mamluks of Egypt and Syria, the emerg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theodora Kantakouzene, Wife Of Alexios IV Of Trebizond
Theodora Kantakouzene Megale Komnene (died 12 November 1426) was the Empress consort of Alexios IV of Trebizond. Said to be very beautiful, according to the chronicle of Laonikos Chalkokondyles, she was accused by her son, John Megas Komnenos, of having an affair with the ''protovestiarios'' of the court of Trebizond; however, other accounts describe her as a faithful and loving wife, who kept the peace between Alexios and his sons. In either case, during her lifetime their son John fled to Georgia and did not return until after Theodora's death. Family Theodora's parentage is described by the Byzantinist Donald Nicol as "obscure". The '' Ecthesis Chronica'' implies she was the daughter of a holder of the military rank of ''protostrator'', and Nicol notes there are chronological grounds against identifying her father with one Manuel Kantakouzenos who was sent on a diplomatic mission to Sultan Mehmet I in the winter of 1420–1421.Donald M. Nicol, ''The Byzantine family of Kantak ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexios IV Of Trebizond
Alexios IV Megas Komnenos or Alexius IV (; – 1429), Emperor of Trebizond from 5 March 1417 to 26 April 1429. He was the son of Emperor Manuel III and Gulkhan-Eudokia of Georgia. Reign Alexios IV had been associated in authority and given the title of '' despotes'' by his father as early as 1395. Nevertheless, the two quarreled as Alexios was impatient to assume supreme power; William Miller compared this to "the first three sovereigns of the House of Hanover" for whom "the heir-apparent always quarrelled with his father." When his father died in 1417, Alexios was accused by some of having expedited his death. Alexios inherited a conflict with the Genoese, who defeated the fleet of Trebizond and seized a local monastery, which they converted into a fortress. By 1418 he had signed a peace agreement and paid reparations to the Genoese until 1422. A new dispute arose over the emperor's obligations in 1425 and was not resolved until 1428. Relations with the Republic of Venice ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iskandar Ibn Qara Yusuf (contemporary Portrait, Painted Circa 1430)
Iskandar (name) or Eskandar also Iskander, Skandar, or Scandar is a given name and a surname. Iskandar or Eskandar or their varieties may also refer to: Places * Iskandar Malaysia, the new main southern development corridor in Johor, Malaysia * Iskandar (town), Tashkent Region, Uzbekistan * Iskandar Airport, a military airport in Pangkalan Bun, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia Iran * Eskandar, Iran, a village in Sistan and Baluchestan Province * Eskandar, East Azerbaijan, a village in East Azerbaijan Province * Eskandar, South Khorasan, a village in South Khorasan Province Other uses * 9K720 Iskander, a Russian ballistic missile * ''Iskandar'' (film), a 2003 film See also * Alexander the Great * Iskanderkul, an alpine lake located in the Fann Mountains of Tajikistan * Iscandar, a fictional planet in ''Space Battleship Yamato'' a.k.a. ''Star Blazers'' * List of Fate/Zero characters * Sikandar (other) * İskender (other) * Eskandari (other) Eskandari (), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qazvin
Qazvin (; ; ) is a city in the Central District (Qazvin County), Central District of Qazvin County, Qazvin province, Qazvin province, Iran, serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district. It is the largest city in the province. Qazvin was a capital of the Safavid Iran, Safavid Empire for over forty years (1555–1598) and nowadays is known as the calligraphy capital of Iran. It is famous for its traditional confectioneries (like Baklava, Baghlava), carpet patterns, poets, political newspaper and Middle Persian, Pahlavi influence on its accent. Located in northwest of Tehran, in the Qazvin Province, it is at an altitude of about above sea level. Due to its position at the south of the rugged Alborz range called KTS Atabakiyam, its climate is cold but dry. History Qazvin has sometimes been of central importance at major moments of History of Iran, Iranian history. It was captured by invading Arabs (644 AD) and destroyed by Hulagu Khan (13th century). In 15 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soltaniyeh
Soltaniyeh () is a city in the Central District (Soltaniyeh County), Central District of Soltaniyeh County, Zanjan province, Zanjan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. History Soltaniyeh, located some to the north-west of Tehran, was built as the capital of Mongol Ilkhanid rulers of Iran in the 14th century. Its name which refers to the Islamic ruler title sultan translates loosely as "the Regal". Soltaniyeh was visited by Ruy González de Clavijo, who reported that the city was a hub of silk exportation. In 2005, UNESCO listed Soltaniyeh as one of the World Heritage Sites. The road from Zanjan, Iran, Zanjan to Soltaniyeh extends until it reaches to the Katale khor cave. William Dalrymple (historian), William Dalrymple notes that Öljaitü intended Soltaniyeh to be "the largest and most magnificent city in the world" but that it "died with him" and is now "a deserted, crumbling spread of ruins." Demographics Population At the time of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abu Said (Qara Qoyunlu)
Abu Said was a ruler of the Qara Qoyunlu who ruled briefly under the suzerainty of the Timurids. He was a governor of Erzincan during Qara Yusuf's reign. He was present at the Battle of Salmas on 18 September 1429, where he submitted to the Timurid ruler Shah Rukh. He was awarded with recognition as the nominal Qara Qoyunlu ruler. However he was soon killed by his brother Qara Iskander Qara Iskandar (; ) ruled the Qara Qoyunlu or Black Sheep Turkoman (ethnonym), Turcoman tribe from 1420 to 1436. His struggles with the Timurid dynasty, Timurid ruler Shah Rukh show that he was a brave leader, but he was not able to continue develo ... after Shah Rukh's withdrawal in 1430. References Notes 1431 deaths 15th-century Qara Qoyunlu rulers {{Azerbaijan-bio-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iskandar (Qara Qoyunlu)
Qara Iskandar (; ) ruled the Qara Qoyunlu or Black Sheep Turcoman tribe from 1420 to 1436. His struggles with the Timurid ruler Shah Rukh show that he was a brave leader, but he was not able to continue developing what he inherited from his father Qara Yusuf; his reign also saw the decline (and attenuation) of the Qara Qoyunlu. During Qara Yusuf's reign Details about his early years is not known, including where and when he was born. He was third son of Qara Yusuf and a full brother of Ispend. He was appointed to be a wali of Kirkuk and his first appearance was in 1416, where he defeated Qara Osman when he was besieging Erzincan. Succession Qara Yusuf's death in 1420 left his sons Ispend bin Yusuf, Iskander, Jahan Shah and Abu Said fighting over the succession. The Sa’dlu tribe, one of the main sub-tribes of the Qara Qoyunlu, declared Ispend who was in Chokhur-e Sa'd province at that time as their new chief. Abu Sa’id had to flee and Jahan Shah went to Baghdad. Iskander ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ispend Bin Yusuf
Ispend bin Yusuf (Persian: اسپند میرزا Azerbaijani: اسپند بن یوسف), referred to during his reign as the Amir Isfahan, was the second son of Qara Yusuf after Pirbudag, brother of Qara Iskander. He was the judge of Baghdad in 1433–1445.Qızılbaşlar tarixi.s.16. Life In 1410, he participated in the battle with Sultan Ahmad Jalayir and commanded the left wing of the Qara Qoyunlu army. In 1420, when Qara Yusuf started moving from Tabriz to welcome Sultan Shahrukh, Amir Isfahan was ruling in Adilcevaz, but did not provide assistance to his father with troops. After Qara Yusuf's death, his corpse was first taken to Nakhchivan and then to Chukhursad. There, the Saad tribe declared him a candidate for rule, and Qara Yusuf's treasury fell into the hands of Amir Isfahan. Orders were given by Shahrukh for Mirza Ibrahim Sultan and Amir Shahmelik to move to Nakhchivan and Salmat to capture Amir Isfahan with 20,000 cavalry. Meanwhile, Isfahan's envoys arrived at Shah ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pirbudag
Pirbudag (1403/1404October 1418, reigned 1411October 1414) was the first ruler of Qara Qoyunlu as an independent sultanate. Life Pirbudag was the eldest son of Qara Yusuf, born around 1403 during his father's captivity, together with Ahmad Jalayir, in Damascus. In prison the two leaders renewed their friendship, making an agreement that Jalayir should keep Baghdad while Qara Yusuf would have Azerbaijan. Reign After the death of Ahmad Jalayir, Pirbudag was crowned sultan by his father Qara Yusuf in 1411 at the age of eight or nine.{{Cite book, title=History of Azerbaijan, date=2007–2008, publisher=Elm, others=A.A. Bakıxanov adına Tarix İnstitutu., isbn=9789952448368, location=Bakı, pages=81, language=Azerbaijani, oclc=473170399 He is recorded to have been the commander of raiding party in Aintab pursuing Qara Osman Uthman Beg or Osman Beg (Ajami Turkic and ; 1356 – 1435) was a late 14th and early 15th-century leader of the Turkoman tribal federation of Aq Qoyunlu in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
