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Jacques-Antoine Dulaure
Jacques-Antoine Dulaure (born December 3, 1755, in Clermont-Ferrand and died on August 18, 1835, in Paris) was a French Archaeology, archaeologist, historian, and politician, recognized for his contributions to geography, topography, and historical literature during the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Biography Dulaure received his early education at the Collège de Clermont, where he studied drawing and mathematics. Before embarking on a literary and historical career, he pursued training in architecture and later topography. In October 1779, he moved to Paris and was accepted as a student under Jean-Baptiste Rondelet, the architect appointed to complete the Panthéon, Church of Sainte-Geneviève following the death of Jacques-Germain Soufflot. Rondelet's primary task involved reinforcing the pillars of the structure, which were believed to be insufficient to support the weight of the dome. During this period, while Dulaure was conducting vertical measurements inside the ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gilles-Louis Chrétien
Gilles-Louis Chrétien (5 February 1754 – 4 March 1811) was a French cellist and engraver. Chrétien was born at Versailles. In 1787 he invented a machine called a "physionotrace", with which he took portraits in profile from life. He worked initially with Edmé Quenedey, but then went into partnership with the miniaturist Jean-Baptiste Fouquet, until the latter's death in or about 1799. Fouquet produced the ''grand trait'' drawing, sometimes highlighted or coloured in pastel, which Chrétien then engraved in aquatint. Many of these portraits are of great interest on account of the celebrity of the persons represented, for example "L'Incorruptible" Maximilien Robespierre, Robespierre, Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau, Mirabeau, and Jean-Paul Marat, Marat, who were among the hundreds which he produced. Also, Dutch patriottentijd, patriots, such as Johan Valckenaer, Samuel Iperusz Wiselius and Quint Ondaatje, who fled to France or visited Paris, ordered sets of physiono ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adélaïde Dufrénoy
Adélaïde-Gillette Dufrénoy (née Billet) (1765, Nantes – 1825, Paris) was a French poet and woman of letters from Brittany. She is best known for her elegies and was an active part of the literary scene in Paris. Biography Madame Dufrénoy was born in Nantes on 3 December 1765, the daughter of Jacques Billet, a jeweller for the List of Polish monarchs, Crown of Poland. She had a lavish education and studied at Sœurs Hospitalières de la Roquette, the convent her aunt Mère Saint-Félix oversaw. There, she studied advanced Latin language, Latin to a proficient enough level to translate the works of Virgil and Horace. When she returned home, her father invited her into his literary circle, where she met for the first time her cousin Jean-Louis Laya, who introduced her to French poetry. She also reconnected with her childhood friend Antoinette Gabrielle Charpentier, Gabrielle Charpentier, at whose cafe she met her future husband. At the age of fifteen, she married a rich pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean-Paul Marat
Jean-Paul Marat (, , ; born Jean-Paul Mara; 24 May 1743 – 13 July 1793) was a French political theorist, physician, and scientist. A journalist and politician during the French Revolution, he was a vigorous defender of the ''sans-culottes'', a radical voice, and published his views in pamphlets, placards and newspapers. His periodical ''L'Ami du peuple'' (''The Friend of the People'') made him an unofficial link with the radical Jacobin group that came to power after June 1793. His journalism was known for its fierce tone and uncompromising stance toward the new leaders and institutions of the revolution. Responsibility for the September massacres has been attributed to him, given his position of renown at the time, and a paper trail of decisions leading up to the massacres. Others posit that the collective mentality which made them possible resulted from circumstances and not from the will of any particular individual.#Lefebvre, Lefebvre, p. 236 Marat was assassinated by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trial Of Louis XVI
The trial of Louis XVI—officially called "Citizen Louis Capet" since being dethroned—before the National Convention in December 1792 was a key event of the French Revolution. He was convicted of high treason and other crimes, resulting in his execution. December 1792 The trial began on 3 December. On 4 December the convention's president Bertrand Barère presented it with the fatal indictment (drafted by Jean-Baptiste Robert Lindet) and decreed the interrogation of Louis XVI. Louis made his entrance into the Convention chamber then: "Louis", said Barère de Vieuzac, "the nation accuses you, the National Assembly decreed on 3 December that you would be judged by it; on 6 December, it decided that you would be brought to the dock. We shall read you the act giving the offenses with which you are charged...". The charges Louis was then read the charges by the convention's secretary, Jean-Baptiste Mailhe: "Louis, the French Nation accuses you of having committed a mu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Convention
The National Convention () was the constituent assembly of the Kingdom of France for one day and the French First Republic for its first three years during the French Revolution, following the two-year National Constituent Assembly and the one-year Legislative Assembly. Created after the great insurrection of 10 August 1792, it was the first French government organized as a republic, abandoning the monarchy altogether. The Convention sat as a single-chamber assembly from 20 September 1792 to 26 October 1795 (4 Brumaire IV under the Convention's adopted calendar). The Convention came about when the Legislative Assembly decreed the provisional suspension of King Louis XVI and the convocation of a National Convention to draw up a new constitution with no monarchy. The other major innovation was to decree that deputies to that Convention should be elected by all Frenchmen 21 years old or more, domiciled for a year and living by the product of their labor. The National Convent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis XVI
Louis XVI (Louis-Auguste; ; 23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793) was the last king of France before the fall of the monarchy during the French Revolution. The son of Louis, Dauphin of France (1729–1765), Louis, Dauphin of France (son and heir-apparent of Louis XV, King Louis XV), and Maria Josepha of Saxony, Dauphine of France, Maria Josepha of Saxony, Louis became the new Dauphin of France, Dauphin when his father died in 1765. In 1770, he married Marie Antoinette. He became King of France and Navarre on his grandfather's death on 10 May 1774, and reigned until the proclamation of the abolition of the monarchy, abolition of the monarchy on 21 September 1792. From 1791 onwards, he used the style of king of the French. The first part of Louis XVI's reign was marked by attempts to reform the French government in accordance with Enlightened absolutism, Enlightenment ideas. These included efforts to increase Edict of Versailles, tolerance toward non-Catholics as well as abolishing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tuileries Palace
The Tuileries Palace (, ) was a palace in Paris which stood on the right bank of the Seine, directly in the west-front of the Louvre Palace. It was the Parisian residence of most French monarchs, from Henri IV to Napoleon III, until it was burned by the Paris Commune in 1871 and demolished in 1883. Construction began in 1564, originally to serve as a home for Queen Catherine de' Medici, and was gradually extended until it closed off the western end of the courtyard and displayed an immense façade of 266 metres. Since the destruction of the Tuileries, the courtyard has remained open to the west, and the site now overlooks the eastern end of the Tuileries Garden, forming an elevated terrace between the Place du Carrousel and the gardens proper. History Plan of Catherine de' Medici (16th century) The site of the Tuileries Palace was originally just outside the walls of the city, in an area frequently flooded by the Seine as far as the present Rue Saint-Honoré. The land w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Insurrection Of 10 August 1792
The insurrection of 10 August 1792 was a defining event of the French Revolution, when armed revolutionaries in Paris, increasingly in conflict with the French monarchy, stormed the Tuileries Palace. The conflict led France to abolish the monarchy and establish a republic. Conflict between King Louis XVI and the country's new revolutionary Legislative Assembly increased through the spring and summer of 1792 as Louis vetoed radical measures voted upon by the Assembly. Tensions accelerated dramatically on 1 August when news reached Paris that the commander of the allied Prussian and Austrian armies had issued the Brunswick Manifesto, threatening "unforgettable vengeance" on Paris should harm be done to the French royal family. On 10 August, the National Guard of the Paris Commune and ''fédérés'' from Marseille and Brittany stormed the King's residence in the Tuileries Palace in Paris, which was defended by the Swiss Guards. Hundreds of Swiss guardsmen and 400 revolutionari ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Constitution Of 1791
The French Constitution of 1791 () was the first written constitution in France, created after the collapse of the absolute monarchy of the . One of the basic precepts of the French Revolution was adopting constitutionality and establishing popular sovereignty. Drafting process Early efforts Following the Tennis Court Oath, the National Assembly began the process of drafting a constitution as its primary objective. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, adopted on 26 August 1789 eventually became the preamble of the constitution adopted on 3 September 1791. The Declaration offered sweeping generalizations about rights, liberty, and sovereignty. A twelve-member Constitutional Committee was convened on 14 July 1789 (coincidentally the day of the Storming of the Bastille). Its task was to do much of the drafting of the articles of the constitution. It included originally two members from the First Estate (Champion de Cicé, Archbishop of Bordeaux and Tal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitutional Monarchy
Constitutional monarchy, also known as limited monarchy, parliamentary monarchy or democratic monarchy, is a form of monarchy in which the monarch exercises their authority in accordance with a constitution and is not alone in making decisions. Constitutional monarchies differ from absolute monarchies (in which a monarch is the only decision-maker) in that they are bound to exercise powers and authorities within limits prescribed by an established legal framework. A constitutional monarch in a parliamentary democracy is a hereditary symbolic head of state (who may be an emperor, king or queen, prince or grand duke) who mainly performs representative and civic roles but does not exercise executive or policy-making power. Constitutional monarchies range from countries such as Liechtenstein, Monaco, Morocco, Jordan, Kuwait, Bahrain and Bhutan, where the constitution grants substantial discretionary powers to the sovereign, to countries such as the United Kingdom and other Com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anne Félicité Colombe
Anne Félicité Colombe (1760-1843), was a French printer and publisher, and a political activist during the French Revolution. She published the radical journals ''L'Ami du Peuple'' and ''l'Orateur du Peuple''.Dominique Godineau: The Women of Paris and Their French Revolution' She was the owner and proprietor of the Henri IV printshop at the Place Dauphine in Paris. She was a newspaper publisher and participated in the public debate during the revolution. She published Jean-Paul Marat, Jean-Paul Marat's journal ''L'Ami du Peuple'' (1790), which caused her newspapers to be seized and she was interrogated as to where Marat could be found. After the Massacre at the Champ-de-Mars, Champ-de-Mars fusillade, she was one of four women to be arrested on 17 July 1791. She had militant revolutionary sympathies, and was a prominent member of the Society of Revolutionary Republican Women in 1793. She was described as generous, and after she was acquitted from the libel lawsuit of 1790, she ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Les Actes Des Apotres
''Les Actes des Apotres'' (French: ''The Acts of the Apostles'') was a French royalist newspaper that was published from 1789 to 1791 during the French Revolution. The first number of ''Les Actes'' appeared on 2 November 1789, and subsequent issues at two-day intervals thereafter. Edited by Antoine de Rivarol, its contributors included Louis de Champcenetz, Gérard de Lally-Tollendal, the Comte de Montlosier, Jean-Gabriel Peltier, and Francois Suleau. The paper's editorial tone was variously described as satirical, cynical, and "scurrilous and obscene". The historian L. G. Wickham Legg wrote of ''Les Actes'', "The royalist paper, indeed, is composed, not so much of comments on the events of the time, as of personal attacks directed against all who differ, even slightly, from the writers." Its authors expressed "a blind hatred for the people, and for the crowd of women who had dared to shake the pedestal of the monarchy. These men met at 'evangelical banquets'...They specializ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
