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Jacob Richards (soldier)
Jacob Richards was an Irish soldier of the seventeenth century known for his service with the English Army. In the War of the Two Kings in Ireland he fought for William III against the Jacobite Irish Army of James II. During the campaign he was Chief Engineer with charge of the Royal Artillery. Background He was an Irish Protestant raised partly on his father's estates in County Wexford. His father Solomon Richards had served in the New Model Army under Oliver Cromwell. Campaigns In 1689 he was sent to Londonderry, which was under siege at the time to study the feasibility of relieving the city by sea. In 1689 he oversaw the artillery bombardment during the Siege of Carrickfergus, where he was wounded three times. He was apparently present at the Battle of the Boyne in 1690. At the second, decisive Siege of Limerick the next year his action was decisive in the taking of Castle Connell, north-east of Limerick. In 1692, following the Treaty of Limerick, which ended the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soldier
A soldier is a person who is a member of an army. A soldier can be a conscripted or volunteer enlisted person, a non-commissioned officer, or an officer. Etymology The word ''soldier'' derives from the Middle English word , from Old French or , meaning mercenary, from , meaning shilling's worth or wage, from or , shilling. The word is also related to the Medieval Latin , meaning soldier (literally, "one having pay"). These words ultimately derive from the Late Latin word , referring to an Ancient Roman coin used in the Byzantine Empire. Occupational designations In most armies use of the word "soldier" has taken on a more general meaning due to the increasing specialization of military occupations that require different areas of knowledge and skill-sets. As a result, "soldiers" are referred to by names or ranks which reflect an individual's military occupation specialty arm, service, or branch of military employment, their type of unit, or operational employment or techn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaty Of Limerick
}), signed on 3 October 1691, ended the 1689 to 1691 Williamite War in Ireland, a conflict related to the 1688 to 1697 Nine Years' War. It consisted of two separate agreements, one with military terms of surrender, signed by commanders of a French expeditionary force and Irish Jacobites loyal to the exiled James II. Baron de Ginkell, leader of government forces in Ireland, signed on behalf of William III and his wife Mary II. It allowed Jacobite units to be transported to France, the diaspora known as the Flight of the Wild Geese. The other set out conditions for those who remained, including guarantees of religious freedom for Catholics, and retention of property for those who remained in Ireland. Many were subsequently altered or ignored, establishing the Protestant Ascendancy that dominated Ireland until the Catholic emancipation in the first half of the 19th century. Background William's victory at the Battle of Boyne in July 1690 was less decisive than appeared at the t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chief Engineer Of Great Britain
Chief may refer to: Title or rank Military and law enforcement * Chief master sergeant, the ninth, and highest, enlisted rank in the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Space Force * Chief of police, the head of a police department * Chief of the boat, the senior enlisted sailor on a U.S. Navy submarine * Chief petty officer, a non-commissioned officer or equivalent in many navies * Chief warrant officer, a military rank Other titles * Chief of the Name, head of a family or clan * Chief mate, or Chief officer, the highest senior officer in the deck department on a merchant vessel * Chief of staff, the leader of a complex organization * Fire chief, top rank in a fire department * Scottish clan chief, the head of a Scottish clan * Tribal chief, a leader of a tribal form of government * Chief, IRS-CI, the head and chief executive of U.S. Internal Revenue Service, Criminal Investigation Places * Chief Mountain, Montana, United States * Stawamus Chief or the Chief, a grani ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michael Richards (engineer)
Michael Richards (1673–1721) was an Irish military engineer who rose to become Chief Engineer of Great Britain and Surveyor-General of the Ordnance. He was the son of Jacob Richards, also a leading military engineer, and the grandson of Solomon Richards. The family were Irish Protestants who owned land in County Wexford. His elder brothers Jacob and John Richards both pursued military careers. He was commissioned in 1692 (although he may have seen earlier service in the Williamite War in Ireland) and served in Flanders in the Nine Years War. He accompanied an expedition to Newfoundland in 1697. He played a role in rebuilding the town of St. John's which had been destroyed in a French attack. In 1711, he was appointed as Chief Engineer of Great Britain, a position that had gone unfilled since the death of Sir Martin Beckman in 1702.Ostwald, p. 157. On the reappointment of John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, as Master-General of the Ordnance in 1714, his protégé Rich ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siege Of Alicante
The siege of Alicante took place from December 1708 to April 1709 during the War of the Spanish Succession. The city of Alicante was besieged by a French and Spanish force loyal to Philip V. They were opposed by the garrison, an Allied force under the command of John Richards. After several months of siege, having successfully completed their task of delaying the enemy, the garrison eventually agreed terms of capitulation which allowed them to be evacuated to waiting British ships. The siege is most notable for a very large mine which was dug under the fortifications and detonated, killing Richards and many of his troops in February 1709.Hugill p.292 Background Alicante had been taken by the Allies in 1706 in the wake of their landing at Barcelona the previous year. Following their victory over the Allies at the Battle of Almansa in 1707, forces loyal to Philip took the offensive and began recovering many of these towns and cities lost to the enemy. References Bibliograph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Portuguese Army
The Portuguese Army ( pt, Exército Português) is the land component of the Armed Forces of Portugal and is also its largest branch. It is charged with the defence of Portugal, in co-operation with other branches of the Armed Forces. With its origins going back to the 12th century, it can be considered one of the oldest active armies in the world. The Portuguese Army is commanded by the Chief of Staff of the Army (CEME), a subordinate of the Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces for the operational matters and a direct subordinate of the Ministry of National Defense for all other matters. The CEME is the only officer in the Army with the rank of General (Four-star rank). Presently, the Portuguese Army is an entirely professional force made of career personnel ( officers and NCOs) and of volunteer personnel (officers, NCOs and enlisted ranks). Until the early 1990s, conscripts constituted the bulk of the Army personnel, with a cadre of career officers and NCOs re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
War Of The Spanish Succession
The War of the Spanish Succession was a European great power conflict that took place from 1701 to 1714. The death of childless Charles II of Spain in November 1700 led to a struggle for control of the Spanish Empire between his heirs, Philip V of Spain, Philip of Anjou and Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor, Charles of Austria, and their respective supporters, among them Spanish Empire, Spain, Habsburg monarchy, Austria, Kingdom of France, France, the Dutch Republic, Savoyard state, Savoy and Kingdom of Great Britain, Great Britain. Related conflicts include the 1700–1721 Great Northern War, Rákóczi's War of Independence in Kingdom of Hungary (1526–1867), Hungary, the Camisards revolt in southern France, Queen Anne's War in North America and minor trade wars in colonial India, India and New Spain, South America. Although weakened by over a century of continuous conflict, Spain remained a global power whose territories included the Spanish Netherlands, large parts of Italy, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imperial Army (Holy Roman Empire)
The Imperial Army (Latin: ''Exercitus Imperatoris''), german: Kaiserliche Armee, Imperial Troops (''Kaiserliche Truppen''), or Imperials (''Kaiserliche'') for short, was a name used for several centuries, especially to describe soldiers recruited for the Holy Roman Emperor during the Early Modern Period. The Imperial Army of the Emperor should not be confused with the Army of the Holy Roman Empire (''Exercitus Imperii (Romani)'', ''Reichsarmee'', ''Armée du Saint-Empire''), which could only be deployed with the consent of the Imperial Diet. The Imperialists effectively became a standing army of troops under the Habsburg emperor from the House of Austria, which is why they were also increasingly described in the 18th century as "Austrians", although its troops were recruited not just from the Archduchy of Austria but from all over the Holy Roman Empire. The Empire and the Habsburg monarchy The Habsburg monarchy supplied almost all the Holy Roman Emperors during the Earl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Catholicism
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a prominent role in the history and development of Western civilization. O'Collins, p. v (preface). The church consists of 24 ''sui iuris'' churches, including the Latin Church and 23 Eastern Catholic Churches, which comprise almost 3,500 dioceses and eparchies located around the world. The pope, who is the bishop of Rome, is the chief pastor of the church. The bishopric of Rome, known as the Holy See, is the central governing authority of the church. The administrative body of the Holy See, the Roman Curia, has its principal offices in Vatican City, a small enclave of the Italian city of Rome, of which the pope is head of state. The core beliefs of Catholicism are found in the Nicene Creed. The Catholic Church teaches that it is the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Richards (soldier)
John Richards (1669–1709) was an Irish soldier and artillery commander. He served in the Portuguese Army during the War of the Spanish Succession and was killed when a mine was detonated by the enemy while in command of the defence at the Siege of Alicante. Early life Richards was born in Ireland and grew up partly in County Wexford where his grandfather Solomon Richards had been granted lands following the Cromwellian Conquest. Although the family were Protestants, John converted to Catholicism. This prevented him from serving in the Royal Irish Army due to the penal laws, so he pursued a career in the Austrian Army. His Protestant brothers Jacob Richards and Michael Richards both joined the English Army. Foreign service He served with the Austrians during the War of the Grand Alliance and then, following the Peace of Ryswick of 1697, he transferred along with his brother Jacob into the Venetian forces. At the outbreak of the War of Spanish Succession, England's ally Por ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tangier Garrison
The Tangier Garrison was the land force which oversaw the defence of English Tangier between 1661 and 1684 when it was evacuated. It was part of the English Army, the de facto standing army that Charles II established following the Restoration. Charles II received Tangier as part of the Marriage Treaty with Portugal in 1661. He appointed Henry Mordaunt, 2nd Earl of Peterborough as governor and, on 30 January 1662, the new garrison took up its duties. Peterborough was not a successful appointment as governor, and Andrew, Lord Rutherford, was appointed in 1662/1663 to replace him. Initial garrison The early garrison of Tangier was a mixture of English Protestant (and often Republican) former soldiers of the New Model Army, and Irish (mainly Catholic) Royalists who had accompanied Charles in exile, serving in Royalist Army in Exile attached to the Spanish Army following the Treaty of Brussels. The first main unit was a regiment raised in England by Peterborough, probably fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacob Richards (artillery Officer)
Jacob Richards (–1701) was an Irish officer of the English Army, He is noted for his innovations and influence on the development of British Artillery. Elements of his career are sometimes confused with his identically named father Jacob Richards. His two younger brothers Michael Richards and John Richards were both noted artillery officers. Background Richards was born in Ireland, and partly grew up on the family's estates in County Wexford which had been granted to his grandfather Solomon Richards during the Cromwellian era. He had two brothers Michael Richards and John Richards who also pursued army careers. A sister, Elizabeth, married the politician James Craggs. The family were Protestants, although John converted to Catholicism. Siege of Buda Having apparently been part of the Tangier Garrison, Richards joined the English ordnance during the 1680s. In order to improve his knowledge of artillery he was sent in 1685 to Vienna to serve with the Imperial forces the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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