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JUSTICE Act (S. 1686)
The JUSTICE Act (S. 1686; Judicious Use of Surveillance Tools In Counterterrorism Efforts Act) was a proposed bill designed to amend the FISA Amendments Act and Patriot Act by reducing surveillance powers and strengthening protections of civil liberty. It was written by Russ Feingold and introduced in the United States Congress on September 17, 2009, but did not receive a vote. Background With the sunset provisions of the Patriot Act expiring on December 31, 2009, the JUSTICE Act attempted to amend sections 206 and 215 before the reauthorization of them. Overview Proposed amendments * protecting the privacy of records by amending national security letter authority so records can only be accessed they have relations to a terror suspect or spy. * protecting First Amendment rights by requiring the government to show national security would be jeopardized if the recipient of a gag order that comes with national security letters or Patriot Act section 215 orders is not gag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
FISA Amendments Act
The FISA Amendments Act of 2008, also called the FAA and Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 Amendments Act of 2008, is an Act of Congress that Rescind or amend something previously adopted, amended the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act. It has been used as the legal basis for surveillance programs disclosed by Edward Snowden in 2013, including PRISM (surveillance program), PRISM. Background Warrantless wiretapping by the National Security Agency (NSA) was revealed publicly in late 2005 by ''The New York Times'' and then reportedly discontinued in January 2007. See Letter from Attorney-General Alberto Gonzales to Senators Patrick Leahy and Arlen Specter, CONG. REC. S646-S647 (January 17, 2007). By 2008 approximately forty lawsuits had been filed against telecommunications companies by groups and individuals alleging that the Presidency of George W. Bush, Bush administration illegally monitored their phone calls or e-mails. Whistleblower evidence suggests that AT&T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russ Feingold
Russell Dana Feingold ( ; born March 2, 1953) is an American politician and lawyer who served as a United States Senate, United States Senator from Wisconsin from 1993 to 2011. A member of the Democratic Party (United States), Democratic Party, he was its nominee in the 2016 United States Senate election in Wisconsin, 2016 election for the same U.S. Senate seat he had previously occupied. From 1983 to 1993, he was a Wisconsin State Senate, Wisconsin State Senator representing the Wisconsin Senate, District 27, 27th District. With John McCain, Feingold received the 1999 Profile in Courage Award, John F. Kennedy Profile in Courage Award. He and McCain cosponsored the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 (McCain–Feingold Act), a major piece of Campaign finance reform in the United States, campaign finance reform legislation. He was the only senator to vote against the Patriot Act, Patriot Act of 2001. Feingold was mentioned as a possible candidate in the 2008 United States presi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States Congress
The United States Congress is the legislature, legislative branch of the federal government of the United States. It is a Bicameralism, bicameral legislature, including a Lower house, lower body, the United States House of Representatives, U.S. House of Representatives, and an Upper house, upper body, the United States Senate, U.S. Senate. They both meet in the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C. Members of Congress are chosen through direct election, though vacancies in the Senate may be filled by a Governor (United States), governor's appointment. Congress has a total of 535 voting members, a figure which includes 100 United States senators, senators and 435 List of current members of the United States House of Representatives, representatives; the House of Representatives has 6 additional Non-voting members of the United States House of Representatives, non-voting members. The vice president of the United States, as President of the Senate, has a vote in the Senate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sunset Provision
In public policy, a sunset provision or sunset clause is a measure within a statute, regulation, or other law that provides for the law to cease to be effective after a specified date, unless further legislative action is taken to extend it. Unlike most laws that remain in force indefinitely unless they are amended or repealed, sunset provisions have a specified expiration date. Desuetude renders a law invalid after long non-use. Origin The roots of sunset provisions are laid in Roman law of the mandate but the first philosophical reference is traced in the laws of Plato.Antonios Kouroutakis, "The Constitutional Value of Sunset Clauses" Routledge 2017 At the time of the Roman Republic, the empowerment of the Roman Senate to collect special taxes and to activate troops was limited in time and extent. Those empowerments ended before the expiration of an electoral office, such as the Proconsul. The rule ''Ad tempus concessa post tempus censetur denegata'' is translated as "what is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roving Surveillance Authority
A roving is a long and narrow bundle of fiber. Rovings are produced during the process of making spun yarn from wool fleece, raw cotton, or other fibres. Their main use is as fibre prepared for spinning, but they may also be used for specialised kinds of knitting or other textile arts. After carding, the fibres lie roughly parallel in smooth bundles. These are drawn out, by hand or machine, and slightly twisted to form lengths suitable for thread spinning. These unspun strands of fibre are the rovings. Roving can also mean a roll of these strands, the strands in general (as a mass noun), or the process of creating them. Because it is carded, the fibres are less parallel than wool top Topmaking mills make ''wool top'', a semi-processed product from raw wool Wool is the textile fiber obtained from sheep and other mammals, especially goats, rabbits, and camelids. The term may also refer to inorganic materials, such as ... (which is combed) and are not of uniform lengt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Access To Records And Other Items Under FISA
Access may refer to: Companies and organizations * ACCESS (Australia), an Australian youth network * Access (credit card), a former credit card in the United Kingdom * Access Co., a Japanese software company * Access International Advisors, a hedge fund * AirCraft Casualty Emotional Support Services * Arab Community Center for Economic and Social Services * Access, the Alphabet division containing Google Fiber * Access, the Southwest Ohio Regional Transit Authority's paratransit service Sailing * Access 2.3, a sailing keelboat * Access 303, a sailing keelboat * Access Liberty, a sailing keelboat Television * ''Access Hollywood'', formerly ''Access'', an American entertainment newsmagazine * ''Access'' (British TV programme), a British entertainment television programme * ''Access'' (Canadian TV series), a Canadian television series (1974–1982) * Access TV, a former Canadian educational television channel (1973–2011) * Access Television Network, an American infomercial c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
