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JO.LO.AR.
The JO.LO.AR. was a semi-automatic pistol of Spanish origin and is chambered in various calibres. It is a development of the Extractor Model Sharpshooter pistol and was manufactured from 1924 by Bonifacio Echeveria STAR, with patent by J. Lopez de Arnaiz and renamed the JO-LO-AR, hence the designer's initials. The new design lacked the trigger guard and it was chambered in a wide range of calibres from 6.35×16mm (.25 ACP), 7.65×17mm (.32 ACP), 9×17mm (.380 ACP), 9x23mm Largo, with most pistols exported to Peru in the 11.43×23mm (.45 ACP). The JO.LO.AR. pistols have a distinctive lever installed on the right hand side of the frame (referred as a ''Palanca'') enabling the user to carry the pistol with the chamber empty and in time cock the weapon all with one hand which made it useful especially for the Peruvian Mounted Police who were on horseback. Many of these pistols were sold in the United States as surplus and can be considered as collectible firearms today. Users * – ...
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Bonifacio Echeveria STAR
Star Bonifacio Echeverria, S.A. was a manufacturer of small arms (principally pistol caliber firearms such as handguns and submachine guns) in the Basque region of Spain from about 1905 until 1997. Company history Bonifacio Echeverria and the ancestry of Star The Eibar region has been a center of weapons development and manufacture for centuries, with "Spanish Steel" historically being a selling point with its reputation for quality and durability. When firearms came into being, Eibar retained its edge as a weapons manufacturing center. The oldest known ancestor of the Star lineage is José Cruz Echeverria, who made muzzle-loading firearms in the 19th century. His two sons, Julián and Bonifacio, entered the firearms business about 1905. Thanks to a curious mechanism in the Spanish patent law, local firms were until 1986 free to produce foreign designs protected abroad if they weren't produced in Spain. So the brothers started to make the model 1908 pistol, substantially an unl ...
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Semi-automatic Pistol
A semi-automatic pistol (also called a self-loading pistol, autopistol, or autoloading pistol) is a repeating firearm, repeating handgun that automatically ejects and loads cartridge (firearms), cartridges in its chamber (firearms), chamber after every shot fired, but only one round of ammunition is fired each time the Trigger (firearms), trigger is pulled. The pistol's fire control group disconnects the trigger mechanism from the firing pin/striker until the trigger has been released and reset manually, unlike the self-cycled firing mechanism in machine pistol, fully automatic pistols. A semi-automatic pistol recycles part of the energy released by the propellant combustion to move its bolt (firearm), bolt, which is usually housed inside the pistol slide, slide. After a round of ammunition is fired, the spent cartridge casing is extracted and ejected as the slide/bolt moves rearwards under recoil, the hammer (firearms), hammer/striker is cocked by the slide/bolt movement, and a ...
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Caliber
In guns, particularly firearms, but not #As a measurement of length, artillery, where a different definition may apply, caliber (or calibre; sometimes abbreviated as "cal") is the specified nominal internal diameter of the gun barrel Gauge (firearms), bore – regardless of how or where the bore is measured and whether the finished bore matches that specification. It is measured in inches or in millimetres, millimeters]ref name=barnes2016-p9> In the United States it is expressed in hundredths of an inch; in the United Kingdom in thousandths; and elsewhere in millimeters. For example, a US "45 caliber" firearm has a barrel diameter of roughly 0.45 inches (11.43mm). Barrel diameters can also be expressed using metric dimensions. For example, a "9 mm pistol" has a barrel diameter of about 9 millimeters. Since metric and US customary units do not convert evenly at this scale, metric conversions of caliber measured in decimal inches are typically approximations of the precise spe ...
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380 ACP Semi-automatic Pistols
38 may refer to: *38 (number) *38 BC *AD 38 *1938 *2038 Science * Strontium, an alkaline earth metal in the periodic table * 38 Leda, an asteroid in the asteroid belt Other uses *.38, a caliber of firearms and cartridges ** .38 Special, a revolver cartridge *'' Thirty-Eight: The Hurricane That Transformed New England'', a 2016 book by Stephen Long *"Thirty Eight", a song by Karma to Burn from the album ''Almost Heathen ''Almost Heathen'' is the third studio album by the stoner rock band Karma to Burn. It was released on September 4, 2001, by Spitfire Records. It was the last album released before their seven-year disbandment in 2002. The album was reissued in ...
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32 ACP Semi-automatic Pistols
3 (three) is a number, numeral and digit. It is the natural number following 2 and preceding 4, and is the smallest odd prime number and the only prime preceding a square number. It has religious and cultural significance in many societies. Evolution of the Arabic digit The use of three lines to denote the number 3 occurred in many writing systems, including some (like Roman and Chinese numerals) that are still in use. That was also the original representation of 3 in the Brahmic (Indian) numerical notation, its earliest forms aligned vertically. However, during the Gupta Empire the sign was modified by the addition of a curve on each line. The Nāgarī script rotated the lines clockwise, so they appeared horizontally, and ended each line with a short downward stroke on the right. In cursive script, the three strokes were eventually connected to form a glyph resembling a with an additional stroke at the bottom: ३. The Indian digits spread to the Caliphate in the 9th ...
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25 ACP Semi-automatic Pistols
5 (five) is a number, numeral and digit. It is the natural number, and cardinal number, following 4 and preceding 6, and is a prime number. Humans, and many other animals, have 5 digits on their limbs. Mathematics 5 is a Fermat prime, a Mersenne prime exponent, as well as a Fibonacci number. 5 is the first congruent number, as well as the length of the hypotenuse of the smallest integer-sided right triangle, making part of the smallest Pythagorean triple ( 3, 4, 5). 5 is the first safe prime and the first good prime. 11 forms the first pair of sexy primes with 5. 5 is the second Fermat prime, of a total of five known Fermat primes. 5 is also the first of three known Wilson primes (5, 13, 563). Geometry A shape with five sides is called a pentagon. The pentagon is the first regular polygon that does not tile the plane with copies of itself. It is the largest face any of the five regular three-dimensional regular Platonic solid can have. A conic is determin ...
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Civil Guard (Peru)
The Civil Guard (; ) was the main preventive police force of Peru until its dissolution in 1988. As a national gendarmerie force, it was responsible for civil Police, policing under the authority of the Ministry of the Interior (Peru), Ministry of the Interior, while investigative work was carried out by the Peruvian Investigative Police. It was also supported at times by the Republican Guard (Peru), Republican Guard. During its dissolution process, it became known as the General Police () until its formal integration into the National Police of Peru in 1991. The corps is colloquially known as the ' (reputable). It was modelled after the Spanish Civil Guard (Spain), Civil Guard, which assisted in its formation. History Origin The origins of the Civil Guard date back to 1873, when President Manuel Pardo (politician), Manuel Pardo approved and signed two Supreme Decrees on December 31 of 1873 (published in El Peruano, the Peruvian Government's official newspaper, on January 28, 1 ...
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Semi-automatic Pistol
A semi-automatic pistol (also called a self-loading pistol, autopistol, or autoloading pistol) is a repeating firearm, repeating handgun that automatically ejects and loads cartridge (firearms), cartridges in its chamber (firearms), chamber after every shot fired, but only one round of ammunition is fired each time the Trigger (firearms), trigger is pulled. The pistol's fire control group disconnects the trigger mechanism from the firing pin/striker until the trigger has been released and reset manually, unlike the self-cycled firing mechanism in machine pistol, fully automatic pistols. A semi-automatic pistol recycles part of the energy released by the propellant combustion to move its bolt (firearm), bolt, which is usually housed inside the pistol slide, slide. After a round of ammunition is fired, the spent cartridge casing is extracted and ejected as the slide/bolt moves rearwards under recoil, the hammer (firearms), hammer/striker is cocked by the slide/bolt movement, and a ...
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Spanish Civil War
The Spanish Civil War () was a military conflict fought from 1936 to 1939 between the Republican faction (Spanish Civil War), Republicans and the Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War), Nationalists. Republicans were loyal to the Left-wing politics, left-leaning Popular Front (Spain), Popular Front government of the Second Spanish Republic. The opposing Nationalists were an alliance of Falangism, Falangists, monarchists, conservatives, and Traditionalism (Spain), traditionalists led by a National Defense Junta, military junta among whom General Francisco Franco quickly achieved a preponderant role. Due to the international Interwar period#Great Depression, political climate at the time, the war was variously viewed as class struggle, a War of religion, religious struggle, or a struggle between dictatorship and Republicanism, republican democracy, between revolution and counterrevolution, or between fascism and communism. The Nationalists won the war, which ended in early 1939, ...
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45 ACP
The .45 ACP (Automatic Colt Pistol), also known as .45 Auto, .45 Automatic, or 11.43×23mm is a Rim (firearms)#Rimless, rimless straight-walled handgun Cartridge (firearms), cartridge designed by John Moses Browning in 1904, for use in his prototype Colt's Manufacturing Company, Colt semi-automatic pistol. After successful military trials, it was adopted as the standard chambering for Colt's M1911 pistol. The round was developed due to a lack of stopping power experienced in the Moro Rebellion in places like Sulu. The issued ammunition, .38 Long Colt, had proved inadequate, motivating the search for a better cartridge. This experience and the Thompson–LaGarde Tests of 1904 led the Army and the Cavalry to decide that a minimum of .45 caliber was required in a new handgun cartridge. The standard-issue military .45 ACP cartridge uses a round-nose bullet at approximately fired from a government-issue M1911A1 pistol. It operates at a relatively low maximum chamber pressure rating ...
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