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Izabela Grabowska
Izabela Elżbieta Grabowska (born 26 March 1776, died 21 May 1858 in Warsaw) was a Polish aristocrat, most likely the illegitimate daughter of Polish King Stanisław August Poniatowski and his mistress, and later possibly the morganatic wife, Elżbieta Grabowska. Biography Origin The inscription on the gravestone in the Holy Cross Church in Warsaw indicates that Elżbieta Grabowska was born on 26 March 1776. According to the fashion prevalent in 18th-century Poland, Elżbieta used the name Izabela (Izabella) – a version of her name that became popular in Poland along with cultural influences from France. She was officially considered the daughter of Lieutenant General of the Crown Army Jan Jerzy Grabowski. It is believed that she was actually the illegitimate child of his wife Elżbieta Szydłowska, stemming from a relationship with Polish King Stanisław August Poniatowski. Izabela likely received her name in honor of her biological father's sister, Izabella Poniatow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Josef Grassi
Josef Grassi (22 April 1757 – 7 January 1838) was an Austrian portrait and history painter. His middle name is usually given as "Maria", although there is evidence that it was actually "Mathias".Michael Lorenz Wien 2012 He is also called "Giuseppe Grassi". Life Josef Grassi was born in Vienna, the younger brother of sculptor and porcelain modeller . Their father, Ottilio, was a goldsmith from Udine. Josef studied at the Vienna Academy of Fine Arts. He felt that he was being unfairly treated there so, when he lost a competition for a travel scholarship to Heinrich Friedrich Füger, he took the advice of some friends who were Polish nationalists and moved to Warsaw. There, he became a teacher of Teresa Jabłonowska (a descendant of Stanisław Jan Jabłonowski) and established himself as a successful portrait painter. When the Kościuszko Uprising broke out in 1794, he was able to leave the battle zone through the mediation of Tadeusz Kościuszko, Kościuszko, whose portrait he h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vawkavysk
Vawkavysk or Volkovysk is a town in Grodno Region, in western Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Vawkavysk District. It is located on the and rivers, roughly from the city of Grodno and from Minsk, the national capital. As of 2025, it has a population of 41,020. It is one of the oldest towns in the region. Vawkavysk was first unofficially mentioned in the Turov annals in 1005 and this year is widely accepted as the founding year for Vawkavysk. At that time it was a city-fortress on the border of the Baltic and the Slavic ethnic groups. Since the 12th century, Vawkavysk was the center of a small princedom. The Hypatian Chronicle mentions the city in 1252. Toponymy Vawkavysk was mentioned in a manuscript written by the priest D. Bułakowski at the end of the 16th or beginning of the 17th century. It was stored in the Sapieha family's library in Ruzhany Palace, where it was translated into Russian in 1881 and published in a Vilnius gazette. According to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Directory
The Directory (also called Directorate; ) was the system of government established by the Constitution of the Year III, French Constitution of 1795. It takes its name from the committee of 5 men vested with executive power. The Directory governed the French First Republic from 26 October 1795 (4 Brumaire an IV) until 10 November 1799, when it was overthrown by Napoleon Bonaparte in the Coup of 18 Brumaire and replaced by the French Consulate, Consulate. The Directory was continually at war with foreign coalitions, including Kingdom of Great Britain, Britain, Habsburg monarchy, Austria, Kingdom of Prussia, Prussia, the Kingdom of Naples, Russian Empire, Russia and the Ottoman Empire. It annexed Austrian Netherlands, Belgium and the left bank of the Rhine, while Bonaparte conquered a large part of Italy. The Directory established 29 short-lived sister republics in Italy, Helvetic Republic, Switzerland and the Batavian Republic, Netherlands. The conquered cities and states were ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
