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Itombe Formation
The Itombe Formation is a geological formation of the Kwanza Basin in Angola dated to the Coniacian stage of the Late Cretaceous. The environment of deposition is shallow marine. Reptile fossils have been recovered from the Tadi beds locality within the formation, including the dinosaur ''Angolatitan'', the mosasaurs '' Angolasaurus'' and '' Mosasaurus iembeensis'' and the turtle ''Angolachelys''.The Itombe formation was formerly considered Turonian in age, but new data suggests to be Coniacian. See also * List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Angola * Geology of Angola * Santos Formation The Santos Formation ( pt, Formacão Santos) is a geological formation of the Santos Basin offshore of the Brazilian states of Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná and Santa Catarina. The predominantly conglomeratic sandstone formation with inter ... References {{reflist Further reading * M. T. Antunes. 1964. O Neocretacio e o Cenozoico do litoral de Angola. Junta de Investigc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geological Formation
A geological formation, or simply formation, is a body of rock having a consistent set of physical characteristics (lithology) that distinguishes it from adjacent bodies of rock, and which occupies a particular position in the layers of rock exposed in a geographical region (the stratigraphic column). It is the fundamental unit of lithostratigraphy, the study of strata or rock layers. A formation must be large enough that it can be mapped at the surface or traced in the subsurface. Formations are otherwise not defined by the thickness (geology), thickness of their rock strata, which can vary widely. They are usually, but not universally, tabular in form. They may consist of a single lithology (rock type), or of alternating beds of two or more lithologies, or even a heterogeneous mixture of lithologies, so long as this distinguishes them from adjacent bodies of rock. The concept of a geologic formation goes back to the beginnings of modern scientific geology. The term was used by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Angolasaurus
''Angolasaurus'' ("Angola lizard") is an extinct genus of mosasaur. Definite remains from this genus have been recovered from the Turonian and Coniacian of Angola, and possibly the Coniacian of the United States, the Turonian of Brazil, and the Maastrichtian of Niger. While at one point considered a species of ''Platecarpus'', recent phylogenetic analyses have placed it between the (then) plioplatecarpines '' Ectenosaurus'' and '' Selmasaurus'', maintaining a basal position within the plioplatecarpinae. Its wide geographic range make it the one of the only Turonian mosasaurs with a transatlantic range. Description ''Angolasaurus'' was a small mosasaur, with a total length of about 4 meters (13 feet). It shared much of a body plan with its relative ''Platecarpus'', but with a slightly longer skull relative to body length. Its skull housed 11 maxillary teeth, 4 premaxillary teeth, and 12 dentary teeth. The phylogenetic relationship of ''Angolasaurus'' indicates that individuals ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fossiliferous Stratigraphic Units Of Africa
A fossil (from Classical Latin , ) is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age. Examples include bones, shells, exoskeletons, stone imprints of animals or microbes, objects preserved in amber, hair, petrified wood and DNA remnants. The totality of fossils is known as the ''fossil record''. Paleontology is the study of fossils: their age, method of formation, and evolutionary significance. Specimens are usually considered to be fossils if they are over 10,000 years old. The oldest fossils are around 3.48 billion years old to 4.1 billion years old. Early edition, published online before print. The observation in the 19th century that certain fossils were associated with certain rock strata led to the recognition of a geological timescale and the relative ages of different fossils. The development of radiometric dating techniques in the early 20th century allowed scientists to quantitatively measure the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shallow Marine Deposits
Shallow may refer to: Places * Shallow (underwater relief), where the depth of the water is low compared to its surroundings * Shallow Bay (other), various places * Shallow Brook, New Jersey, United States * Shallow Inlet, Victoria, Australia * Shallow Lake, Idaho, United States * Shallow Pond (Plymouth, Massachusetts), United States People * Hyron Shallow (born 1982), West Indian cricketer * Parvati Shallow (born 1982), winner of the reality TV show ''Survivor: Micronesia'' Arts, entertainment, and media * ''Shallow'' (album) * Robert Shallow, a fictional character in two Shakespeare plays * Verbena (band) Verbena was an American rock band from Birmingham, Alabama, founded in the early 1990s by Scott Bondy, Anne Marie Griffin, Les Nuby, and Daniel Johnston. They released three albums, two of which were issued on Capitol Records. History The band ..., later known as Shallow Songs * "Shallow" (Lady Gaga and Bradley Cooper song), 2018 * "Shallow" (Porc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shale Formations
Shale is a fine-grained, clastic sedimentary rock formed from mud that is a mix of flakes of clay minerals (hydrous aluminium phyllosilicates, e.g. kaolin, Al2 Si2 O5( OH)4) and tiny fragments (silt-sized particles) of other minerals, especially quartz and calcite.Blatt, Harvey and Robert J. Tracy (1996) ''Petrology: Igneous, Sedimentary and Metamorphic'', 2nd ed., Freeman, pp. 281–292 Shale is characterized by its tendency to split into thin layers ( laminae) less than one centimeter in thickness. This property is called '' fissility''. Shale is the most common sedimentary rock. The term ''shale'' is sometimes applied more broadly, as essentially a synonym for mudrock, rather than in the more narrow sense of clay-rich fissile mudrock. Texture Shale typically exhibits varying degrees of fissility. Because of the parallel orientation of clay mineral flakes in shale, it breaks into thin layers, often splintery and usually parallel to the otherwise indistinguishable bedding ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Upper Cretaceous Series Of Africa
Upper may refer to: * Shoe upper or ''vamp'', the part of a shoe on the top of the foot * Stimulant Stimulants (also often referred to as psychostimulants or colloquially as uppers) is an overarching term that covers many drugs including those that increase activity of the central nervous system and the body, drugs that are pleasurable and inv ..., drugs which induce temporary improvements in either mental or physical function or both * ''Upper'', the original film title for the 2013 found footage film '' The Upper Footage'' See also {{Disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geologic Formations Of Angola
Geology () is a branch of natural science concerned with Earth and other astronomical objects, the features or rocks of which it is composed, and the processes by which they change over time. Modern geology significantly overlaps all other Earth sciences, including hydrology, and so is treated as one major aspect of integrated Earth system science and planetary science. Geology describes the structure of the Earth on and beneath its surface, and the processes that have shaped that structure. It also provides tools to determine the Relative dating, relative and Geochronology, absolute ages of rocks found in a given location, and also to describe the histories of those rocks. By combining these tools, geologists are able to chronicle the geological history of the Earth as a whole, and also to demonstrate the age of the Earth. Geology provides the primary evidence for plate tectonics, the evolutionary history of life, and the Earth's paleoclimatology, past climates. Geologists br ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Santos Formation
The Santos Formation ( pt, Formacão Santos) is a geological formation of the Santos Basin offshore of the Brazilian states of Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná and Santa Catarina. The predominantly conglomeratic sandstone formation with interbedded shales dates to the Late Cretaceous period; Cenomanian-Maastrichtian epochs and has a maximum thickness of . Etymology The formation is as the Santos Basin named after the city of Santos, São Paulo. Description The Santos Formation is thick,Kiang Chang et al., 2008, p.32 and consists of reddish lithic conglomerates and sandstones, interbedded with grey shales and reddish clays. These facies are interbedded and change laterally into the Itajai-Açu and Juréia Formations. The depositional environment is thought to be transitional continental to marginal marine, ranging from alluvial to braided rivers and deltas. Biostratigraphic data indicate a Late Cretaceous age ( Cenomanian-Maastrichtian).Clemente, 2013, p.23 See al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geology Of Angola
The geology of Angola includes large areas of Precambrian age rocks. The west of the country is characterized by meta-sedimentary rocks of Proterozoic age including tillites assigned to the Bembe System. Overlying these are a thick pile of limestones and other marine sediments laid down during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras. Amidst the Proterozoic sequence are areas of crystalline basement dating from the Archaean. More Archaean basement rocks form the Kasai Craton in northeastern Angola. In the north, within the Cassanje Graben are clastic sediments and volcanic rocks of the Karoo Supergroup. Kimberlites and carbonatites resulting from magmatic activity during the Karoo period are found along a northeast-southwest line through the country. Continental sediments of the Kalahari Group are widespread in eastern Angola. Fossils The Mesozoic of Angola is very rich of fossil vertebrates, namely marine reptiles such as turtles (''Angolachelys''), mosasaurs and plesiosaurs, related wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Fossiliferous Stratigraphic Units In Angola
This is a list of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Angola. __NOTOC__ List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units Itombe formation was considered Turonian in age, but new data suggests to be Coniacian. See also * Lists of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Africa ** List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in the Democratic Republic of the Congo ** List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Namibia ** List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Zambia ** List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Zimbabwe * Geology of Angola References Further reading * M. T. Antunes, J. G. Maisey, M. M. Marques, B. Schaeffer, and K. S. Thomson. 1990. Triassic Fishes from the Cassange Depression (R. P. De Angola). Ciências da Terra (UNL), Número Especial 1-64 * M. T. Antunes. 1977. Late Neogene fish faunas from Angola, their age and significance. Journal of the Paleontological Society of India 20:224-229 * D. B. Blake, G. Breton, and S. Gofas. 1996. A new genus ans 'sic' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turonian
The Turonian is, in the ICS' geologic timescale, the second age in the Late Cretaceous Epoch, or a stage in the Upper Cretaceous Series. It spans the time between 93.9 ± 0.8 Ma and 89.8 ± 1 Ma (million years ago). The Turonian is preceded by the Cenomanian Stage and underlies the Coniacian Stage. At the beginning of the Turonian an oceanic anoxic event (OAE 2) took place, also referred to as the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary event or the "Bonarelli Event". Stratigraphic definition The Turonian (French: ''Turonien'') was defined by the French paleontologist Alcide d'Orbigny (1802–1857) in 1842. Orbigny named it after the French city of Tours in the region of Touraine (department Indre-et-Loire), which is the original type locality. The base of the Turonian Stage is defined as the place where the ammonite species '' Watinoceras devonense'' first appears in the stratigraphic column. The official reference profile (the GSSP) for the base of the Turonian is located ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
''Acta Palaeontologica Polonica'' is a quarterly peer-reviewed open access scientific journal of paleontology and paleobiology. It was established by Roman Kozłowski in 1956. It is published by the Institute of Paleobiology of the Polish Academy of Sciences and edited by Richard L. Cifelli and Jarosław Stolarski. Abstracting and indexing ''Acta Palaeontologica Polonica'' is abstracted and indexed in: According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2010 impact factor The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) of an academic journal is a scientometric index calculated by Clarivate that reflects the yearly mean number of citations of articles published in the last two years in a given journal, as ... of 1.949, ranking it 11th out of 48 journals in the category "Paleontology". References External links * Institute of Paleobiology Paleontology journals Publications established in 1956 Polish Academy of Sciences academic journals Open ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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