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István Hatvani
István Hatvani (21 November 1718 – 1786) was a Hungarian polyhistor, mathematician, natural philosopher and theologian. Born in Rimavská Sobota (then Rimaszombat), he studied at the Debrecen Reformed Theological University before setting off on his scholarly travels to Basel, Utrecht and Leiden, where he acquired doctorates in theology and medicine and studied under luminaries such as Johann Bernoulli and Daniel Bernoulli. Returning to Debrecen in 1749, he was appointed professor of mathematics, philosophy and experimental physics, introducing a rigorous Newtonian, experiment-based approach in place of the predominant Wolffian logic‑deductive method. His expansive teaching repertoire ranged from theology and ontology to mechanics, astronomy and early probability theory, making him the first Hungarian to apply the law of large numbers in mortality statistics and laying foundations for political arithmetic and proto‑economics in Hungary. Early life and education Hat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hatvani István VU
Hatvani/Hatvany is a Hungarian surname. The name derives from Hatvan, Hungary. It may refer to: ''Hatvani'' * István Hatvani (1718–1786), Hungarian mathematician, scientist * ''Mihály Hatvani'', a penname of Mihály Horváth (1809–1878) ''Hatvany'' * Sándor Hatvany-Deutsch (1852–1913), Hungarian industrialist * Ferenc Hatvany (1881–1958) * Béla Hatvany (1938–), Entrepreneur * Baroness Katalin Hatvany de Hatvan (1947–), Hungarian designer See also *List of titled noble families in the Kingdom of Hungary The following is a list of titled noble families in the Kingdom of Hungary. Dukes and princes Marquesses Counts Barons References Sources * * * * * * * * * * * * {{Refend Croatian noble families Hun ... Surnames {{surname ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astronomy
Astronomy is a natural science that studies celestial objects and the phenomena that occur in the cosmos. It uses mathematics, physics, and chemistry in order to explain their origin and their overall evolution. Objects of interest include planets, natural satellite, moons, stars, nebulae, galaxy, galaxies, meteoroids, asteroids, and comets. Relevant phenomena include supernova explosions, gamma ray bursts, quasars, blazars, pulsars, and cosmic microwave background radiation. More generally, astronomy studies everything that originates beyond atmosphere of Earth, Earth's atmosphere. Cosmology is a branch of astronomy that studies the universe as a whole. Astronomy is one of the oldest natural sciences. The early civilizations in recorded history made methodical observations of the night sky. These include the Egyptian astronomy, Egyptians, Babylonian astronomy, Babylonians, Greek astronomy, Greeks, Indian astronomy, Indians, Chinese astronomy, Chinese, Maya civilization, M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quantitative Research
Quantitative research is a research strategy that focuses on quantifying the collection and analysis of data. It is formed from a deductive approach where emphasis is placed on the testing of theory, shaped by empiricist and positivist philosophies. Associated with the natural, applied, formal, and social sciences this research strategy promotes the objective empirical investigation of observable phenomena to test and understand relationships. This is done through a range of quantifying methods and techniques, reflecting on its broad utilization as a research strategy across differing academic disciplines. There are several situations where quantitative research may not be the most appropriate or effective method to use: 1. When exploring in-depth or complex topics. 2. When studying subjective experiences and personal opinions. 3. When conducting exploratory research. 4. When studying sensitive or controversial topics The objective of quantitative research is to deve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leonhard Euler
Leonhard Euler ( ; ; ; 15 April 170718 September 1783) was a Swiss polymath who was active as a mathematician, physicist, astronomer, logician, geographer, and engineer. He founded the studies of graph theory and topology and made influential discoveries in many other branches of mathematics, such as analytic number theory, complex analysis, and infinitesimal calculus. He also introduced much of modern mathematical terminology and Mathematical notation, notation, including the notion of a mathematical function. He is known for his work in mechanics, fluid dynamics, optics, astronomy, and music theory. Euler has been called a "universal genius" who "was fully equipped with almost unlimited powers of imagination, intellectual gifts and extraordinary memory". He spent most of his adult life in Saint Petersburg, Russia, and in Berlin, then the capital of Kingdom of Prussia, Prussia. Euler is credited for popularizing the Greek letter \pi (lowercase Pi (letter), pi) to denote Pi, th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deductive Reasoning
Deductive reasoning is the process of drawing valid inferences. An inference is valid if its conclusion follows logically from its premises, meaning that it is impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion to be false. For example, the inference from the premises "all men are mortal" and " Socrates is a man" to the conclusion "Socrates is mortal" is deductively valid. An argument is ''sound'' if it is valid ''and'' all its premises are true. One approach defines deduction in terms of the intentions of the author: they have to intend for the premises to offer deductive support to the conclusion. With the help of this modification, it is possible to distinguish valid from invalid deductive reasoning: it is invalid if the author's belief about the deductive support is false, but even invalid deductive reasoning is a form of deductive reasoning. Deductive logic studies under what conditions an argument is valid. According to the semantic approach, an argument is valid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isaac Newton
Sir Isaac Newton () was an English polymath active as a mathematician, physicist, astronomer, alchemist, theologian, and author. Newton was a key figure in the Scientific Revolution and the Age of Enlightenment, Enlightenment that followed. His book (''Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy''), first published in 1687, achieved the Unification of theories in physics#Unification of gravity and astronomy, first great unification in physics and established classical mechanics. Newton also made seminal contributions to optics, and Leibniz–Newton calculus controversy, shares credit with German mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz for formulating calculus, infinitesimal calculus, though he developed calculus years before Leibniz. Newton contributed to and refined the scientific method, and his work is considered the most influential in bringing forth modern science. In the , Newton formulated the Newton's laws of motion, laws of motion and Newton's law of universal g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reformed Church In Hungary
The Reformed Church in Hungary (, MRE, ) is the largest Protestant church in Hungary, with parishes also among the Hungarian diaspora abroad. It is made up of 1,249 congregations in 27 presbyteries and four church districts and has a membership of over 1.6 million, making it the second largest church in Hungary, behind the Catholic Church. As a Continental Reformed church, its doctrines and practices reflect a Calvinist theology, for which the Hungarian term is ' (). The Hungarian Reformed Church became the symbol of national Hungarian culture, since it led to the translation of the Bible into the Hungarian language by Hussite pastors, and contributed to the education of the population through its school system. History The Reformation spread to Hungary during the 16th century. In Geneva, Switzerland, the French reformer John Calvin formulated the doctrines of the Reformed Church, and his followers spread the Reformed (Calvinist) gospel across Europe. As a result of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Doctor Of Divinity
A Doctor of Divinity (DD or DDiv; ) is the holder of an advanced academic degree in divinity (academic discipline), divinity (i.e., Christian theology and Christian ministry, ministry or other theologies. The term is more common in the English-speaking world than elsewhere. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, the DD is usually a higher doctorate conferred upon a religious scholar of standing and distinction, usually for accomplishments beyond the Doctor of Philosophy, PhD or Doctor of Theology, ThD level. In the United States, the DD is generally an honorary degree. In Catholic higher education, Catholic universities, faculties of Catholic theology, theology usually grant the degree of Doctor of Sacred Theology (STD), but the DD may be awarded as an honorary degree. Doctor of Divinity by country or church Great Britain & Ireland In the United Kingdom and Ireland, the DD is a higher doctorate conferred by universities upon a religious scholar of standing and distinction, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Licentiate (degree)
A licentiate (abbreviated Lic.) is an academic degree present in many countries, representing different educational levels. The Licentiate (Pontifical Degree) is a post graduate degree when issued by pontifical universities and other universities in Europe, Latin America, and Asia. The term is also used for a person who holds this degree. Etymology The term derives from Latin ''licentia'', "freedom" (from Latin ''licēre'', "to be allowed"), which is applied in the phrases ''licentia docendi'' (also ''licentia doctorandi''), meaning "permission to teach", and ''licentia ad practicandum'' (also ''licentia practicandi''), meaning "permission to practice", signifying someone who holds a certificate of competence to practise a profession. History The Gregorian Reform of the Catholic Church led to an increased focus on the liberal arts in episcopal schools during the 11th and 12th centuries, with Pope Gregory VII ordering all bishops to make provisions for the teaching of lib ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basel
Basel ( ; ), also known as Basle ( ), ; ; ; . is a city in northwestern Switzerland on the river Rhine (at the transition from the High Rhine, High to the Upper Rhine). Basel is Switzerland's List of cities in Switzerland, third-most-populous city (after Zurich and Geneva), with 177,595 inhabitants within the city municipality limits. The official language of Basel is Swiss Standard German and the main spoken language is the local Basel German dialect. Basel is commonly considered to be the cultural capital of Switzerland and the city is famous for its many Museums in Basel, museums, including the Kunstmuseum Basel, Kunstmuseum, which is the first collection of art accessible to the public in the world (1661) and the largest museum of Swiss art, art in Switzerland, the Fondation Beyeler (located in Riehen), the Museum Tinguely and the Museum of Contemporary Art (Basel), Museum of Contemporary Art, which is the first public museum of contemporary art in Europe. Forty museums ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Great Plague Of 1738
The Great Plague of 1738 was an outbreak of the bubonic plague between 1738 and 1740 that affected areas of the Habsburg Empire, now in the modern nations of Romania, Hungary, Ukraine, Serbia, Croatia, Slovakia, Czechia, and Austria. Although no exact figure is available, the epidemic likely killed over 50,000 people. In February 1738, the plague hit the Banat region, having been spread there by the Imperial Army. According to the 1740 Hungarian Diet, the Great Plague claimed 36,000 lives. Southeastern Transylvania may have been the hardest area hit. Over the following eight years, the plague killed a sixth of the population of Timișoara. Timișoara's St. Mary and St. John of Nepomuk Monument is dedicated to the plague's victims. The plague would return to hit the city again in 1762–1763. Other cities in the region were also stricken. Between October 1737 and April 1738, 111 deaths were reported in Zărneşti, and 70 in Codlea. More than 10% of the population of Cluj-Napo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Political Arithmetic
Statistics (from German: ', "description of a state, a country") is the discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data. In applying statistics to a scientific, industrial, or social problem, it is conventional to begin with a statistical population or a statistical model to be studied. Populations can be diverse groups of people or objects such as "all people living in a country" or "every atom composing a crystal". Statistics deals with every aspect of data, including the planning of data collection in terms of the design of surveys and experiments. When census data (comprising every member of the target population) cannot be collected, statisticians collect data by developing specific experiment designs and survey samples. Representative sampling assures that inferences and conclusions can reasonably extend from the sample to the population as a whole. An experimental study involves taking measurements of the syst ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
