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Ismail Ayyub Pasha
Ismāʿīl Ayyūb Pasha (died 1884) was an Egyptian administrator who served as the governor-general of the Sudan from 1873 to 1876. Ayyūb's early life is poorly known. He was possibly Circassian or Kurdish, reputedly a fine musician and according to various reports fluent in French and German. In 1865, with the rank of ''kaymakam'', he led a relief expedition against the Kassala mutiny. In 1870, he was appointed president of the council and secretary to the governor-general in Khartoum. In 1872, he restored communications with Samuel Baker's expedition in Equatoria. As governor-general, Ayyūb was ordered to prepare to invade and annex the Sultanate of Dār Fūr in February 1874. For this, he concentrated troops in Kordofan. His slowly advancing army captured Umm Shanqa in September while that of al-Zubayr Raḥma Manṣūr advanced from the south. After the fall of Fūr capital, Ayyūb immediately began setting up an administration in the conquered territory. For his victor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ismail Eyub Pasha
In the biblical Book of Genesis, Ishmael (; ; ; ) is the first son of Abraham. His mother was Hagar, the handmaiden of Abraham's wife Sarah. He died at the age of 137. Traditionally, he is seen as the ancestor of the Arabs. Within Islam, Ishmael is regarded as a prophet and the ancestor of the Ishmaelites (Hagarenes or Adnanites) and patriarch of Qaydār. Etymology The name "Yishma'el" existed in various ancient Semitic cultures, including early Babylonian and Minæan. In the Amorite language, it is attested as ''yaśmaʿ-ʾel''. It is a theophoric name translated literally as "God (El) has hearkened", suggesting that "a child so named was regarded as the fulfillment of a divine promise". Genesis narrative The Genesis narrative sees the account of Ishmael's life through the . Birth The birth of Ishmael was planned by the Patriarch Abraham's first wife, who at that time was known as Sarai. She and her husband Abram (Abraham) sought a way to have children in order to fulfill ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mirliva
''Mirliva'' or ''Mîr-i livâ'' was a military rank of the Ottoman Army and Navy. It corresponds to brigadier general ( modern Turkish: ''Tuğgeneral'') and division general ( modern Turkish: ''Tümgeneral'') in the modern Turkish Army. ''Mirliva'' is a compound word composed of '' Mir'' (commander) and ''Liva'' (or ''Liwa'', " brigade" in Arabic). The rank was junior to the '' Ferik'' ( Major General) and superior to the rank '' Miralay'' (Colonel Colonel ( ; abbreviated as Col., Col, or COL) is a senior military Officer (armed forces), officer rank used in many countries. It is also used in some police forces and paramilitary organizations. In the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries, a colon ...) in the Ottoman Army and the pre-1935 Turkish Army. ''Mirliva'' was the most junior general rank with the title '' Pasha''. The collar mark (later shoulder mark) and cap (until 1933) of a ''Mirliva'' had three stripes and one star during the early years of the Turkish Republic. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pashas
Pasha (; ; ) was a high rank in the Ottoman political and military system, typically granted to governors, generals, dignitaries, and others. ''Pasha'' was also one of the highest titles in the 20th-century Kingdom of Egypt and it was also used in Morocco in the 20th century, where it denoted a regional official or governor of a district. Etymology The English word ''pasha'' comes from Turkish ('; also ()). The Oxford English Dictionary attributes the origin of the English borrowing to the mid-17th century. The etymology of the Turkish word itself has been a matter of debate. Contrary to titles like emir (''amīr'') and bey (sir), which were established in usage much earlier, the title ''pasha'' came into Ottoman usage right after the reign of Osman I (d. 1324), though it had been used before the Ottomans by some Anatolian Turkish rulers of the same era. Old Turkish had no fixed distinction between /b/ and /p/, and the word was spelled still in the 15th century. Accor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1884 Deaths
Events January * January 4 – The Fabian Society is founded in London to promote gradualist social progress. * January 5 – Gilbert and Sullivan's comic opera ''Princess Ida'', a satire on feminism, premières at the Savoy Theatre, London. * January 7 – German microbiologist Robert Koch isolates ''Vibrio cholerae'', the cholera bacillus, working in India. * January 18 – William Price (physician), William Price attempts to cremate his dead baby son, Iesu Grist, in Wales. Later tried and acquitted on the grounds that cremation is not contrary to English law, he is thus able to carry out the ceremony (the first in the United Kingdom in modern times) on March 14, setting a legal precedent. * January – Arthur Conan Doyle's anonymous story "J. Habakuk Jephson's Statement" appears in the ''Cornhill Magazine'' (London). Based on the disappearance of the crew of the ''Mary Celeste'' in 1872, many of the fictional elements introduced by Doyle come to repla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khedivial Geographical Society
The Egyptian Geographic Society (; ) was established by a decree of Khedive Ismail Pasha on 19 May 1875. Its first president was the German botanist, traveller and ethnologist Georg August Schweinfurth. Founded as the ''Khedivial Society of Geography'', its name was modified several times in order to reflect Egypt's changing political status. It acquired its current name following the Egyptian Revolution of 1952. Presidents Source: * Georg August Schweinfurth May 1875Dec. 1879 * Charles Pomeroy Stone Dec. 1879Jan. 1882 * Ismail Ayoub Pacha Jan. 1883Dec. 1883 * Mahmud Ahmad Hamdi al-Falaki Dec. 1883 Mar. 1889 * Prince Abbas Helmy (Khedive Abbas Helmy II) Mar. 1889Dec. 1890 * Dr. O. Abbate Pacha Jan. 1890Oct. 1915 * Prince Ahmad Fuad (King Fuad I) Oct. 1915Apr. 1918 * Ismail Sidky Apr. 1918Dec. 1918 * Georges Foucart Dec. 1918Dec. 1926 * William Fraser Hume Dec. 1926May 1946 * Sherief Sabry Pacha May 1946Mar. 1955 * Prof. Moustafa Amer Mar. 1955Feb. 1965 * Prof. Dr. Soliman Ah ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Urabi Revolt
The ʻUrabi revolt, also known as the ʻUrabi Revolution (), was a nationalist uprising in the Khedivate of Egypt from 1879 to 1882. It was led by and named for Colonel Ahmed Urabi and sought to depose the khedive, Tewfik Pasha, and end Imperial British and French influence over the country. The uprising was ended by the Anglo-Egyptian War and the British takeover of the country, beginning the history of Egypt under the British. Prologue Egypt in the 1870s was under foreign influence, corruption, misgovernment, and in a state of financial ruin. Huge debts rung up by its ruler Ismaʻil Pasha could no longer be repaid, and under pressure from the European banks that held the debt, the country's finances were being controlled by representatives of France and Britain via the Caisse de la Dette Publique. When Ismaʻil tried to rouse the Egyptian people against this foreign intervention, he was deposed by the British and replaced by his more pliable son Tewfik Pasha. The upper ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Interior (Egypt)
The Ministry of Interior in Egypt is one of the ministries in Egypt responsible for maintaining security and enforcing the law. The Ministry of Interior directs the Central Security Forces, around 410,000 in 2012; the National Police, around 500,000; and the Egyptian Homeland security, around 200,000 strong. The Egyptian Border Guard Corps were organised in border guard regiments totaling approximately 25,000 members. They are a lightly armed paramilitary force, mostly Bedouins, responsible for border surveillance, general peacekeeping, drug interdiction, and prevention of smuggling. During the late 1980s, the force was equipped with remote sensors and night-vision binoculars. High-speed motorboats are also in service. The Border Guards were originally under the control of the Ministry of Defense, however control was almost immediately given to the Ministry of Interior after their creation. History It was founded in 1805 when Muhammad Ali of Egypt, Muhammad Ali Pasha establishe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Egyptian Public Works
The Egyptian Department of Public Works was established in the early 19th century, and concentrates mainly on public works relating to irrigation and hydraulic engineering. These irrigation projects have constituted the bulk of work performed by this entity in Egypt. During its almost 200-year history, the Egyptian Department of Public Works employed many notable engineers and constructed massive public works projects throughout the country. It became the most respected engineering entity and was regarded as the 'best school' for civil engineers in modern Egypt. Its history can be broken into three periods: # The Classic Period (1818–1882). # The Occupation Period (1882–1952). # The Modern Period (1952 to present). The Classic Period (1818–1882) This period was characterized by the strong influence of French engineers and/or French educated Egyptian engineers. Numerous public works projects were constructed in both Upper Egypt, Upper and Lower Egypt, Lower Egypt during t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles George Gordon
Major-general (United Kingdom), Major-General Charles George Gordon Companion of the Order of the Bath, CB (28 January 1833 – 26 January 1885), also known as Chinese Gordon, Gordon Pasha, Gordon of Khartoum and General Gordon , was a British Army officer and administrator. He saw action in the Crimean War as an officer in the British Army. However, he made his military reputation in Qing Dynasty#Rebellion, unrest, and external pressure, China, where he was placed in command of the "Ever Victorious Army", a force of Chinese soldiers led by European officers which was instrumental in putting down the Taiping Rebellion, regularly defeating much larger forces. For these accomplishments, he was given the nickname "Chinese Gordon" and honours from both the Emperor of China and the British. He entered the service of the Isma'il Pasha, Khedive of Egypt in 1873 (with British government approval) and later became the List of governors of pre-independence Sudan, Governor-General of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ferik (rank)
() is a military rank used in the militaries of many Arab world, Arab nations, and formerly of the Military of the Ottoman Empire, Ottoman Armed Forces. Usually, it ranks below Fariq 'awal () and above Mirliva, Liwa (). Ottoman use It corresponds to a corps general (Turkish language, modern Turkish: ''Korgeneral'') in the modern Turkish Army. The rank was junior to the ''Birindji ferik, Birinci Ferik/Ferîk-i Evvel'' (Lieutenant General) and superior to the rank ''Mirliva'' (Brigade general) in the Ottoman Army and the pre-1935 Turkish Army. The collar mark (later shoulder mark) and peaked cap, cap (until 1933) of a ''Ferik'' had three stripes and two stars during the early years of the Turkish Republic. The rank of ferik was abolished on November 26, 1934, in accordance with Article 3 of Law No. 2590 on the Abolition of Nicknames and Titles. With Decree No. 2295, issued on April 9, 1935, the equivalent of the ferik rank was designated as corps general. Current use The rank ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Zubayr Rahma Mansur
Al-Zubayr Rahma Mansur Pasha (; c. 1830 – January 1913), also known as Sebehr Rahma or Rahama Zobeir, Hake, Alfred Egmont.The Story of Chinese Gordon, 1884. was a Sudanese slave trader and warlord in the late 19th century. He was later acknowledged by Isma'il Pasha, of the Khedivate of Egypt in granting him the title of Governor over Bahr el Ghazal (today western South Sudan). His reputation as an archenemy of General Charles Gordon led to him gaining a near-mythic status in the United Kingdom, where he was referred to as "the richest and worst", a "Slaver King" "who adchained lions as part of his escort".Lang, Jeanie.The Story of General Gordon circa. 1900. Background Born in 1830 as Al-Zubayr Rahma Mansur, he came from the Gemaab section of the Ja'alin, an Arab tribe in northern Sudan. He began his large-scale business in 1856, when he left Khartoum with a small army, to set up a network of trading forts known as '' zaribas'', focusing his efforts on slave trading and i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khedivate Of Egypt
The Khedivate of Egypt ( or , ; ') was an autonomous tributary state of the Ottoman Empire, established and ruled by the Muhammad Ali Dynasty following the defeat and expulsion of Napoleon Bonaparte's forces which brought an end to the short-lived French occupation of Lower Egypt. The Khedivate of Egypt had also expanded to control present-day Sudan, South Sudan, Eritrea, Djibouti, northwestern Somalia, northeastern Ethiopia, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel, Palestine, Syria, Greece, Cyprus, southern and central Turkey, in addition to parts from Libya, Chad, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, and Uganda, as well as northwestern Saudi Arabia, parts of Yemen and the Kingdom of Hejaz. The United Kingdom invaded and took control in 1882. In 1914, the Ottoman Empire connection was ended and Britain established a protectorate called the Sultanate of Egypt. History Rise of Muhammad Ali Upon the conquest of the Mamluk Sultanate by the Ottoman Empire in 1517, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
