|
Ishbara (other) of Tokharistan (645-705), grandson of Tong Yabghu Qaghan
*Ashina Helu, West Gokturk khagan (651-658)
{{human name disambiguation ...
Ishbara (Old Turkic: 𐰃𐱁𐰉𐰺𐰀; Chinese: 沙缽略 Pinyin: Shābōlüè) — a Turkic name deriving from Sanskrit ''ईश्वर'' (''Īśvara''). The name was carried by different rulers in history: * Ishbara Qaghan, East Gokturk khagan (581-587) * Ishbara Tolis, West Gokturk khagan (634-639) * Irbis Ishbara Yabgu Qaghan, West Gokturk khagan (640-641) * Ashina Wushibo, Yabgu Yabghu (,Entr"𐰖𐰉𐰍𐰆 [yabγuйабғұ"in "Ethno-Cultural Dictionary" ''Türik Bitig'' ), also rendered as Jabgu, Djabgu or Yabgu, was a state office in the early Turkic states, roughly equivalent to viceroy">Turkic peoples">Turkic stat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Old Turkic Language
Old Siberian Turkic, generally known as East Old Turkic and often shortened to Old Turkic, was a Siberian Turkic languages, Siberian Turkic language spoken around East Turkistan and Mongolia. It was first discovered in inscriptions originating from the Second Turkic Khaganate, and later the Uyghur Khaganate, making it the earliest attested Common Turkic languages, Common Turkic language. In terms of the datability of extant written sources, the period of Old Turkic can be dated from slightly before 720 Anno Domini, AD to the Mongol invasions and conquests, Mongol invasions of the 13th century. Classification and dialects Old Turkic can generally be split into two dialects, the earlier Orkhon Turkic language, Orkhon Turkic and the later Old Uyghur. There is a difference of opinion among linguists with regard to the Karakhanid language, some (among whom include Omeljan Pritsak, Sergey Malov, Osman Karatay and Marcel Erdal) classify it as another dialect of East Old Turkic, while ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Language
Chinese ( or ) is a group of languages spoken natively by the ethnic Han Chinese majority and List of ethnic groups in China, many minority ethnic groups in China, as well as by various communities of the Chinese diaspora. Approximately 1.39 billion people, or 17% of the global population, speak a variety of Chinese as their first language. Chinese languages form the Sinitic languages, Sinitic branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family. The spoken varieties of Chinese are usually considered by native speakers to be dialects of a single language. However, their lack of mutual intelligibility means they are sometimes considered to be separate languages in a Language family, family. Investigation of the historical relationships among the varieties of Chinese is ongoing. Currently, most classifications posit 7 to 13 main regional groups based on phonetic developments from Middle Chinese, of which the most spoken by far is Mandarin Chinese, Mandarin with 66%, or around 800&nb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pinyin
Hanyu Pinyin, or simply pinyin, officially the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet, is the most common romanization system for Standard Chinese. ''Hanyu'' () literally means 'Han Chinese, Han language'—that is, the Chinese language—while ''pinyin'' literally means 'spelled sounds'. Pinyin is the official romanization system used in China, Singapore, Taiwan, and by the United Nations. Its use has become common when transliterating Standard Chinese mostly regardless of region, though it is less ubiquitous in Taiwan. It is used to teach Standard Chinese, normally written with Chinese characters, to students in mainland China and Singapore. Pinyin is also used by various Chinese input method, input methods on computers and to lexicographic ordering, categorize entries in some Chinese dictionaries. In pinyin, each Chinese syllable is spelled in terms of an optional initial (linguistics), initial and a final (linguistics), final, each of which is represented by one or more letters. Initi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sanskrit
Sanskrit (; stem form ; nominal singular , ,) is a classical language belonging to the Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European languages. It arose in northwest South Asia after its predecessor languages had Trans-cultural diffusion, diffused there from the northwest in the late Bronze Age#South Asia, Bronze Age. Sanskrit is the sacred language of Hinduism, the language of classical Hindu philosophy, and of historical texts of Buddhism and Jainism. It was a lingua franca, link language in ancient and medieval South Asia, and upon transmission of Hindu and Buddhist culture to Southeast Asia, East Asia and Central Asia in the early medieval era, it became a language of religion and high culture, and of the political elites in some of these regions. As a result, Sanskrit had a lasting effect on the languages of South Asia, Southeast Asia and East Asia, especially in their formal and learned vocabularies. Sanskrit generally connotes several Indo-Aryan languages# ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ishbara Qaghan
Ishbara Qaghan (, ) (c. 540 – 587) was the first son of Issik Qaghan, grandson of Bumin Qaghan, and the sixth khagan of the Turkic Khaganate (581–587). Name His birth name was recorded as either Ashina Shetu or Nietu () in Chinese sources. His name is written in in Bugut Inscription. Gerard Clauson and Peter Golden argued that name is non-Turkic. Biography Under Taspar He was probably born to Issik Qaghan. He was created by Taspar khagan as Erfu Khagan () in east in 572. Reign He was raised to the throne after resignation of Ashina Anluo by the high council as the legal resolution to the crisis created by his uncle Taspar Qaghan who had bequeathed the title of khagan to his nephew Talopien (son of Muqan Qaghan). This act violated the traditional system of inheritance from oldest brother to youngest brother and oldest son to youngest. He took the regnal name Illig Kül Shad Bagha Ishbara Khagan () and started to rule from Ötüken. According to ''To ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ishbara Tolis
Ishbara Tolis was the ruler of Western Turkic Khaganate (empire) between 634–639. His full title was ''Shābōluō xìlìshī (~diélìshī) kèhán'' 沙钵罗咥利失可汗, personal name ''Ashina Tong'e'' 阿史那同俄). Reign He was Bagha Shad's son. After his elder brother Duolu Qaghan abdicated, he was enthroned in 634 in very unfavorable circumstances. He had to rely on vassal tribes which were more powerful than himself. In 635, he sent arrows to ten tribes which meant legitimatizing them as shads (semi independent governor princes), but he was careful to keep the delicate balance between the two rival factions by appointing five from Duolu and five from Nushibi. Thus his empire came to be known as ''Onoq'', meaning "ten arrows" (十箭).) Even this policy however, wasn't successful. A noble named Tun Tudun revolted and caused khagan to flee to Qarasahr with his brother Böri Shad. However, he was reinstalled to throne by Nushibi noble Esegel Kul-Erkin who killed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Irbis Ishbara Yabgu Qaghan
Irbis Ishbara Yabgu Qaghan (full title: Yǐpíshābōluóyèhùkĕhàn 乙毗沙钵罗叶护可汗, personal name: Ashina Baobu 阿史那薄布) - was a Qaghan of Nushibi faction in Western Turkic Khaganate. Reign He was a son of Genna Shad (伽那设), thus a nephew of El Kulug Shad. However, according to some sources he was a son of Ashina Tong.Old Tang Book - Turk Biographies 《旧唐书·突厥传》 He was acknowledged as khagan by Taizong. Khagan sent governors to the Tarim Basin, Tashkent, Samarkand and Bactria to assert rule. However, he was soon killed by men following orders of Yukuk Shad Yukuk Shad (r. 638–642, died 653) reigned in the final days of the Western Turkic Khaganate. His name ''Yukuk'' means "owl", according to Gumilyov, or means "venerable", according to Gabain. His full title was 乙毗咄陆可汗 or Yipi Duolu K ... in 641. References {{Göktürks 641 deaths 7th-century monarchs in Asia Ashina house of the Turkic Empire Göktürk khagan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ashina Wushibo
Ashina may refer to: *Ashina tribe, a ruling dynasty of the Turkic Khaganate *Ashina clan (Japan) is a Japanese clans, Japanese clan that emerged during the Sengoku period.Edmond Papinot, Papinot, Jacques Edmond Joseph. (1906). ''Dictionnaire d’histoire et de géographie du Japon''; Papinot, (2003)"Ashina," ''Nobiliare du Japon'', p. 3 Ashina District, Hiroshima">..., one of the Japanese clans *Ashina District, Hiroshima, a former Japanese district *Empress Ashina (551–582), empress of the Chinese/Xianbei dynasty Northern Zhou *Sei Ashina (1983–2020), Japanese actress *Main setting of ''Sekiro: Shadows Die Twice'' See also *Asena, a mythical female wolf found in old Turkic mythology *Ashna (other) {{disambig, surname ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yabghu
Yabghu (,Entr"𐰖𐰉𐰍𐰆 [yabγuйабғұ"in "Ethno-Cultural Dictionary" ''Türik Bitig'' ), also rendered as Jabgu, Djabgu or Yabgu, was a state office in the early Turkic states, roughly equivalent to viceroy">Turkic peoples">Turkic states, roughly equivalent to viceroy. The title carried autonomy in different degrees, and its links with the central authority of Khagan varied from economical and political subordination to superficial political deference. The title had also been borne by Turkic princes in the upper Oxus region in post-Hephthalite times. The position of Yabgu was traditionally given to the second highest member of a ruling clan ( Ashina), with the first member being the Kagan himself. Frequently, Yabgu was a younger brother of the ruling Kagan, or a representative of the next generation, called Shad (blood prince). Mahmud Kashgari defined the title Yabgu as "position two steps below Kagan", listing heir apparent Shad a step above Yabgu.Golden P.B., "Khaz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tong Yabghu Qaghan
Tong Yabghu Qaghan (r. 618–628 or 630) was the khagan of the Western Turkic Khaganate from 618 to 628 AD. Tong Yabghu was the brother of Sheguy (r. 611–618), the previous khagan of the western Göktürks, and was a member of the Ashina clan; his reign is generally regarded as the zenith of the Western Göktürk Khaganate. Name His name is transcribed with Chinese character 統, which means "main silk thread > guideline, to unite, to command, to govern". Karakhanid scholar Mahmud al-Kashgari, writing in the 11th century, glossed ''toŋa'' in Middle Turkic as basically meaning tiger. Gerard Clauson argues against Kashgari and states that ''toŋa'' means vaguely "hero, outstanding warrior". Reign Tong Yabghu maintained close relations with the Tang dynasty of China, and may have married into the Imperial family. The Chinese Buddhist pilgrim Xuanzang visited the western Göktürk capital Suyab in modern Kyrgyzstan and left a description of the khagan. Scholars believe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
