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Ischnoderma Albotextum
''Ischnoderma'' is a genus of polypore fungi. Species in the genus have dark brown and tomentose fruit bodies that become darker brown to black and smooth when mature. The genus, widespread in temperate regions, contains an estimated 10 species. Taxonomy ''Ischnoderma'' was circumscribed by Finnish mycologist Petter Adolf Karsten in 1879. Although ''Ischnoderma'' has traditionally been classified in the family Fomitopsidaceae, Phylogenetic studies have demonstrated its isolated phylogenetic position in the Polyporales. Justo and colleagues suggest that ''Ischnoderma'' would be better placed as the type genus of Ischnodermataceae, a family originally proposed by Walter Jülich in 1981. The generic name ''Ischnoderma'' combines the Ancient Greek words ("dry") and ("skin"). Chemistry The type species, '' I. resinosum'', is used in mushroom dyeing to produce various shades of brown. It has been shown to efficiently decolorize several structurally different synthetic dyes: amar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fungi
A fungus (plural, : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of Eukaryote, eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and Mold (fungus), molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a Kingdom (biology), kingdom, separately from the other eukaryotic kingdoms, which by one traditional classification include Plantae, Animalia, Protozoa, and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of motility, mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single gro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phylogenetic
In biology, phylogenetics (; from Greek φυλή/ φῦλον [] "tribe, clan, race", and wikt:γενετικός, γενετικός [] "origin, source, birth") is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups of organisms. These relationships are determined by Computational phylogenetics, phylogenetic inference methods that focus on observed heritable traits, such as DNA sequences, protein amino acid sequences, or morphology. The result of such an analysis is a phylogenetic tree—a diagram containing a hypothesis of relationships that reflects the evolutionary history of a group of organisms. The tips of a phylogenetic tree can be living taxa or fossils, and represent the "end" or the present time in an evolutionary lineage. A phylogenetic diagram can be rooted or unrooted. A rooted tree diagram indicates the hypothetical common ancestor of the tree. An unrooted tree diagram (a network) makes no assumption about the ancestral line, and does ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Avian Influenza
Avian influenza, known informally as avian flu or bird flu, is a variety of influenza caused by viruses adapted to birds.Chapter Two : Avian Influenza by Timm C. Harder and Ortrud Werner in ''Influenza Report 2006'' CDC has a showing the relationship between dozens of highly varieties of the Z genotype of avian flu virus H5N1 and ancestral strains. The type with the g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antiviral
Antiviral drugs are a class of medication used for treating viral infections. Most antivirals target specific viruses, while a broad-spectrum antiviral is effective against a wide range of viruses. Unlike most antibiotics, antiviral drugs do not destroy their target pathogen; instead they inhibit its development. Antiviral drugs are one class of antimicrobials, a larger group which also includes antibiotic (also termed antibacterial), antifungal and antiparasitic drugs, or antiviral drugs based on monoclonal antibodies. Most antivirals are considered relatively harmless to the host, and therefore can be used to treat infections. They should be distinguished from viricides, which are not medication but deactivate or destroy virus particles, either inside or outside the body. Natural viricides are produced by some plants such as eucalyptus and Australian tea trees. Medical uses Most of the antiviral drugs now available are designed to help deal with HIV, herpes viruses, the h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ischnoderma Benzoinum
''Ischnoderma'' is a genus of polypore fungi. Species in the genus have dark brown and tomentose fruit bodies that become darker brown to black and smooth when mature. The genus, widespread in temperate regions, contains an estimated 10 species. Taxonomy ''Ischnoderma'' was circumscribed by Finnish mycologist Petter Adolf Karsten in 1879. Although ''Ischnoderma'' has traditionally been classified in the family Fomitopsidaceae, Phylogenetic studies have demonstrated its isolated phylogenetic position in the Polyporales. Justo and colleagues suggest that ''Ischnoderma'' would be better placed as the type genus of Ischnodermataceae, a family originally proposed by Walter Jülich in 1981. The generic name ''Ischnoderma'' combines the Ancient Greek words ("dry") and ("skin"). Chemistry The type species, '' I. resinosum'', is used in mushroom dyeing to produce various shades of brown. It has been shown to efficiently decolorize several structurally different synthetic dyes: a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poly R-478
Poly, from the Greek πολύς meaning "many" or "much", may refer to: Businesses * China Poly Group Corporation, a Chinese business group, and its subsidiaries: ** Poly Property, a Hong Kong incorporated Chinese property developer ** Poly Real Estate, a Chinese real estate developer ** Poly Technologies, a defense manufacturing company * Poly (company), formerly Polycom, an American communications technology company People * Poly (footballer) (1906-1986), full name Policarpo Ribeiro de Oliveira, Brazilian footballer * Natasha Poly (born 1985), stage name of Russian supermodel Natalya Sergeyevna Polevshchikova * Poly Styrene (1957–2011), stage name of British musician Marianne Joan Elliott-Said Other uses * Hong Kong Polytechnic University, locally known as Poly * Poly (website), a website by Google * Polynesian, often shortened to poly, as in ‘Poly people are also called “Pasifika” or “Tangata Moana” (people of the ocean)’ * Polyamory, often shortened to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phthalocyanine Blue BN
Copper phthalocyanine (CuPc), also called phthalocyanine blue, phthalo blue and many other names, is a bright, crystalline, synthetic blue pigment from the group of phthalocyanine dyes. Its brilliant blue is frequently used in paints and dyes. It is highly valued for its superior properties such as light fastness, tinting strength, covering power and resistance to the effects of alkalis and acids. It has the appearance of a blue powder, insoluble in most solvents including water. History The discovery of metal phthalocyanines can be traced to the observation of intensely colored byproducts from reactions of phthalic acid (benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid) or its derivatives with sources of nitrogen and metals. CuPc (copper phthalocyanine) was first prepared in 1927 by the reaction of copper(I) cyanide and ''o''-dibromobenzene, which mainly produces colorless phthalonitrile as well as an intensely blue by-product. A couple of years later, workers at Scottish Dyes observed the f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Remazol Brilliant Blue R
Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) is an anthraquinone dye used in textile industries. It is a harmful dye and can damage aquatic life and also vegetative life if the contaminated water is used for irrigation. Recent studies have suggested a biological approach to solving this problem through the use of microorganisms to degrade the dye. References External links * {{cite journal , doi=10.1016/j.desal.2009.06.027 , volume=249 , issue=3 , title=Removal of Remazol Brilliant Blue R dye from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto immobilized Scenedesmus quadricauda: Equilibrium and kinetic modeling studies , journal=Desalination , pages=1308–1314 , last1 = Ergene , first1 = Aysun, year=2009 Anthraquinone dyes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amaranth (dye)
Amaranth, FD&C Red No. 2, E123, C.I. Food Red 9, Acid Red 27, Azorubin S, or C.I. 16185 is a modified red azo dye used as a food dye and to color cosmetics. The name was taken from amaranth grain, a plant distinguished by its red color and edible protein-rich seeds. Amaranth is an anionic dye. It can be applied to natural and synthetic fibers, leather, paper, and phenol-formaldehyde resins. As a food additive it has E number E123. Amaranth usually comes as a trisodium salt. It has the appearance of reddish-brown, dark red to purple water-soluble powder that decomposes at 120 °C without melting. Its water solution has absorption maximum at about 520 nm. Like all azo dyes, Amaranth was, during the middle of the 20th century, made from coal tar; modern synthetics are more likely to be made from petroleum byproducts. Since 1976 Amaranth dye has been banned in the United States by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a suspected carcinogen. Its use is sti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Structural Formula
The structural formula of a chemical compound is a graphic representation of the molecular structure (determined by structural chemistry methods), showing how the atoms are possibly arranged in the real three-dimensional space. The chemical bond A chemical bond is a lasting attraction between atoms or ions that enables the formation of molecules and crystals. The bond may result from the electrostatic force between oppositely charged ions as in ionic bonds, or through the sharing o ...ing within the molecule is also shown, either explicitly or implicitly. Unlike other chemical formula types, which have a limited number of symbols and are capable of only limited descriptive power, structural formulas provide a more complete geometric representation of the molecular structure. For example, many chemical compounds exist in different isomeric forms, which have different enantiomeric structures but the same molecular formula. There are multiple types of ways to draw these stru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mushroom Dye
Mushrooms can be used to create color dyes via color-extraction with a solvent (often ammonia) as well as particulation of raw material. The shingled hedgehog mushroom and related species contain blue-green pigments, which are used for dyeing wool in Norway. The fruiting body of '' Hydnellum peckii'' can be used to produce a beige color when no mordant is used, and shades of blue or green depending on the mordant added. ''Phaeolus schweinitzii'' produces green, yellow, gold, or brown colors, depending on the material dyed and the mordant used. See also *''Aspergillus oryzae'', ''Saccharomyces cerevisiae'', ''Saccharomyces boulardii'' *Mycelium *Mycofiltration * Mycorrhiza - Arbuscular, Ecto Ecto may refer to: * Ecto, a medical prefix meaning outer or outside * ''Ecto'' (album), by Happy Rhodes, 1987 * Ecto (software), a weblog client See also * * Endo (other) * Exo (other) * Ectoderm, in biology, the outermost ..., Ericoid References {{reflist Fun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Type Species
In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen(s). Article 67.1 A similar concept is used for suprageneric groups and called a type genus. In botanical nomenclature, these terms have no formal standing under the code of nomenclature, but are sometimes borrowed from zoological nomenclature. In botany, the type of a genus name is a specimen (or, rarely, an illustration) which is also the type of a species name. The species name that has that type can also be referred to as the type of the genus name. Names of genus and family ranks, the various subdivisions of those ranks, and some higher-rank names based on genus names, have such types. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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