|
Isaria Fumosorosea
''Isaria fumosorosea'' is an entomopathogenic fungus, formerly known as '' Paecilomyces fumosoroseus''. It shows promise as a biological pesticide with an extensive host range. Life cycle When a conidium or blastospore of ''Isaria fumosorosea'' lands on a suitable host, it produces enzymes to penetrate the insect's cuticle. A germ tube then grows into the haemocoel and the fungus proliferates inside the insect’s body. The fungus can also enter through the spiracles, the mouth or the anal opening. The mycelia spread in the haemolymph and tissues, eventually emerging from the insect and producing conidia. Mortality of the insect has been ascribed to the drainage of its nutrients, the destruction of its tissues and the release of toxins. Host range This fungus has a wide host range that includes insects in over twenty five different families and many species of mite. Agricultural pest insects which are susceptible to infection include the diamondback moth (''Plutella xyllo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Casimir Wize
Casimir is a Latin version of the Polish male name Kazimierz (). The original Polish feminine form is Kazimiera, in Latin and other languages rendered as Casimira. It has two possible meanings: "preacher of peace" or alternatively "destroyer of peace". There is some debate as to the origin of the prefix, as it could be from the Polish "kazac" (meaning "to preach") but is more commonly cited as coming from "kaziti" (meaning "to destroy"), with "miru" meaning "peace". Old Polish and dialectal Polish versions are Kaźmierz and Kaźmir. Diminutive; Kazik, Kaziuk, Kaziu, Ziuk etc. It is a popular name in Poland, and was a popular name of Polish royals. List of variations *Belarusian: Казімір *Catalan: Casimir *Croatian: Kazimir, Kažimir *Czech: Kazimír *Esperanto: Kazimiro *English: Casimir *Galician: Casemiro, Casamiro *German: Kasimir *Hungarian: Kázmér *Italian: Casimiro *Latvian: Kazimirs *Lithuanian: Kazimieras *Polish: Kazimierz *Portuguese: Casimiro *Romanian: Caz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Silverleaf Whitefly
The silverleaf whitefly (''Bemisia tabaci'', also informally referred to as the sweet potato whitefly) is one of several species of whitefly that are currently important agricultural pests. A review in 2011 concluded that the silverleaf whitefly is actually a species complex containing at least 40 morphologically indistinguishable species. The silverleaf whitefly thrives worldwide in tropical, subtropical, and less predominately in temperate habitats. Cold temperatures kill both the adults and the nymphs of the species. The silverleaf whitefly can be confused with other insects such as the common fruitfly, but with close inspection, the whitefly is slightly smaller and has a distinct wing color that helps to differentiate it from other insects. While the silverleaf whitefly had been known in the United States since 1896, in the mid-1980s an aggressive strain appeared in poinsettia crops in Florida. For convenience that strain was referred to as (biotype B), to distinguish it fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clavicipitaceae
The Clavicipitaceae are a family (biology), family of fungi within the order Hypocreales. A 2008 estimate placed 43 genus, genera in the family, but a study in 2020 has increased this number to 50. Phylogeny Molecular phylogeny, phylogenetic analysis of multigene DNA sequence data indicates the taxon Clavicipitaceae (as circumscribed by 2007) is paraphyletic, and consists of three well-defined cladistics, clades, at least one of which is shared with members of another fungal family (Hypocreaceae). The most recent common ancestor of the three clades also include Hypocreaceae as a descendant. The issue seems to have been resolved in Sung ''et al.'' (2007b). Clavicipitaceae becomes restricted to "clade A". Cordycipitaceae is resurrected to hold "clade C". Ophiocordycipitaceae is created to hold "clade B". Evolution The evolution within the Clavicipitaceae (as circumscribed by 2007) is marked by interkingdom host jumping, and the range of this large and heterogeneous fungal grou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MycoBank
MycoBank is an online database, documenting new mycological names and combinations, eventually combined with descriptions and illustrations. It is run by the Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute in Utrecht. Each novelty, after being screened by nomenclatural experts and found in accordance with the ICN (International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants), is allocated a unique MycoBank number before the new name has been validly published. This number then can be cited by the naming author in the publication where the new name is being introduced. Only then, this unique number becomes public in the database. By doing so, this system can help solve the problem of knowing which names have been validly published and in which year. MycoBank is linked to other important mycological databases such as Index Fungorum, Life Science Identifiers, Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and other databases. MycoBank is one of three nomenclatural repositories reco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metarhizium Anisopliae
''Metarhizium anisopliae'' is a fungus, the type species in the ''Metarhizium'' genus. It grows naturally in soils throughout the world and causes disease in various insects by acting as a parasitoid. Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov, Ilya I. Mechnikov named it ''Entomophthora anisopliae'' after the insect species from which it was originally isolated – the beetle ''Anisoplia austriaca'' and from these early days, fungi such as this have been seen as potentially important tools for pest management. It is a mitosporic fungus with asexual reproduction. Synonymy The taxonomy of the ''Metarhizium'' has been subject to many reviews since the 1990s, before which the genus consisted of less than ten "species", based on morphological characteristics only. Many genetic isolate, isolates have long been recognised to be specific, and some were initially assigned Variety (biology), variety status, with ''M. anisopliae'' ''sensu stricto'', ''Metarhizium majus, M.a. var. major'', ''Metarhizium lepidio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beauveria Bassiana
''Beauveria bassiana'' is a fungus that grows naturally in soils throughout the world and acts as a parasite on various arthropod species, causing white muscardine disease; it thus belongs to the group of entomopathogenic fungi. It is used as a biological insecticide to control a number of pests, including termites, thrips, whiteflies, aphids and various beetles. Its use in the control of bed bugs and malaria-transmitting mosquitos is under investigation.Donald G. McNeil Jr.Fungus Fatal to Mosquito May Aid Global War on Malaria ''The New York Times'', 10 June 2005 Taxonomy The species is named after the Italian entomologist Agostino Bassi, who discovered it in 1835 in silkworms (''Bombyx mori''). Bassi performed the first infection experiments, and determined the fungus to be the cause of the muscardine disease, which then led to carriers transmitting it by airborne means. Later the same year, the fungus was named ''Botrytis bassiana'' by Giuseppe Gabriel Balsamo-Crivelli. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crocidolomia Binotalis
''Crocidolomia pavonana'' is a moth of the family Crambidae. Its caterpillar is a crop pest and is known as the croci or the cabbage cluster caterpillar. This moth is found in Africa and Asia, its range extending from South Africa through India to the Pacific Ocean, including Australia. The wingspan is about . The larvae feed on Brassicaceae species and are considered an agricultural pest on cabbages. The species was first described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1794. Description The adult male is between long with a wingspan of , and the female is slightly smaller. Both are rather variable in colouring but have brownish markings on a cream background. The male can be distinguished by the tufts of dark-coloured hairs at the front of the forewings. The eggs are pale green and up to three hundred are laid in an overlapping pile that may be in diameter. The larvae are grey with dark heads when they hatch and later become green with dark heads and five fine pale yellow longitud ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyphomycetes
Hyphomycetes are a form classification of fungi, part of what has often been referred to as fungi imperfecti, Deuteromycota, or anamorphic fungi. Hyphomycetes lack closed fruit bodies, and are often referred to as moulds (or molds). Most hyphomycetes are now mainly assigned to the Ascomycota, on the basis of genetic connections made by life-cycle studies or by phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences; somemany remain unassigned phylogenetically. There are also some basidiomycete species, with aquatic presence noted in certain Corticiaceae and Urediniomycetes. Although no longer considered a phylogenetically defined taxon, the prevalence of hyphomycete forms in nature, the built environment, and laboratories means that identification of members this group remains of practical importance. Taxonomic and nomenclatural history Because asexual forms of fungi usually occur separately from their sexual forms, when microscopic fungi began to be studied in the early 19th century, it was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pathogen
In biology, a pathogen (, "suffering", "passion" and , "producer of"), in the oldest and broadest sense, is any organism or agent that can produce disease. A pathogen may also be referred to as an infectious agent, or simply a Germ theory of disease, germ. The term ''pathogen'' came into use in the 1880s. Typically, the term ''pathogen'' is used to describe an ''infectious'' microorganism or agent, such as a virus, bacterium, protozoan, prion, viroid, or fungus. Small animals, such as helminths and insects, can also cause or Transmission (medicine), transmit disease. However, these animals are usually referred to as parasites rather than pathogens. The scientific study of microscopic organisms, including microscopic pathogenic organisms, is called microbiology, while parasitology refers to the scientific study of parasites and the organisms that host them. There are several pathways through which pathogens can invade a host. The principal pathways have different episodic time ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sphaerotheca Fuliginea
''Podosphaera fuliginea'' (also known as ''Podosphaera xanthii'') is a plant pathogen that causes powdery mildew on cucurbits. ''Podosphaera fuliginea'' and '' Erysiphe cichoracearum'' are the two most commonly recorded fungi causing cucurbit powdery mildew. In the past, ''Erysiphe cichoracearum'' was considered to be the primary causal organism throughout most of the world. Today, ''Podosphaera fuliginea'' is more commonly reported. Signs and symptoms Powdery mildew is manifest on the plant by white powdery fungal growth on the surface of the leaf, usually both sides of the leaf show fungal growth.McGrath, M.T., 1997. Powdery Mildew of Cucurbits. http://vegetablemdonline.ppath.cornell.edu/factsheets/Cucurbits_PM.htm The host tissue is frequently stunted, distorted, discolored, and scarred. The fruit of infected plants are usually smaller and the flavor is affected negatively, as fewer sugars and solids are stored in the fruit. Disease cycle ''Podosphaera fuliginea'' uses hau ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cut Flowers
Cut flowers are flowers and flower buds (often with some Plant stem, stem and leaf) that have been cut from the plant bearing it. It is removed from the plant for decorative use. Cut greens are leaves with or without stems added to the cut flowers for contrast and design purposes. Floral design professionals work at florist shops (floristry) and use their design skills and experience with many types of flowers and greens to create works of art with flowers. Cut flowers, and to a lesser extent, cut greens, are a significant and international segment of the floral industry. The plants that are grown vary by plant species as well as by climate, cultural practices and the accessibility of worldwide transportation. Professional horticulturists raise the plants specifically for this purpose, in field or glasshouse growing conditions. Boxes of harvested flowers are shipped via air freight throughout the world. The study of the efficient production, distribution and marketing of flora ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aculus Schlectendali
''Aculus'' is a genus of mite Mites are small arachnids (eight-legged arthropods) of two large orders, the Acariformes and the Parasitiformes, which were historically grouped together in the subclass Acari. However, most recent genetic analyses do not recover the two as eac ...s, including the following species: Species *'' Aculus ablopurpurascus'' Huang, 2001 *'' Aculus acanthae'' (Mohanasundaram, 1982) *'' Aculus acraspis'' (Nalepa, 1892) *'' Aculus acutangulae'' Mohanasundaram, 1985 *'' Aculus advens'' (Keifer, 1938) *'' Aculus aegerinus'' (Nalepa, 1892) *'' Aculus aesculi'' Domes, 2003 *'' Aculus aflatunivagrans'' (Ponomareva, 1978) *'' Aculus africanae'' (Meyer & Ueckermann, 1990) *'' Aculus albopurpurascus'' Huang, 2001 *'' Aculus alfalfae'' (Roivainen, 1950) *'' Aculus altus'' (Nalepa, 1909) *'' Aculus amandae'' (Keifer, 1969) *'' Aculus ambrosiae'' (Keifer, 1943) *'' Aculus amygdalina'' (Banks, 1912) *'' Aculus anthobius'' (Nalepa, 1892) *'' Aculus aphanotrichus'' (L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
