Irena Kempówna
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Irena Kempówna
Irena Kempówna-Zabiełło (20 October 1920 - 17 June 2002) was a Polish glider pilot, record-breaking aviator and flight instructor. Early life and education Irena Kempówna was born on 20 October 1920 in Warsaw, Poland. She grew up in the city, where she graduated from Krystyna Malczewska secondary school in 1938. She took up gliding in 1936 at the age of 16. During the Second World War she was a soldier in the Kedyw unit (Kierownictwo Dywersji Komendy Głównej Armii Krajowej), which August Emil Fieldorf founded as part of the Polish Home Army. Kempówna took part in the Warsaw Uprising. Flying career Immediately after the end of the war, Kempówna trained as a flight instructor at the Cywilna Szkoła Pilotów i Mechaników (Civil School of Pilots and Mechanics). After passing the exam in July 1945, she soon began to train other flight instructors. She began competitive flying and between 1947 and 1950 she set thirteen Polish records for flight duration, flight length and ...
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Warsaw
Warsaw, officially the Capital City of Warsaw, is the capital and List of cities and towns in Poland, largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the Vistula, River Vistula in east-central Poland. Its population is officially estimated at 1.86 million residents within a Warsaw metropolitan area, greater metropolitan area of 3.27 million residents, which makes Warsaw the List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits, 6th most-populous city in the European Union. The city area measures and comprises List of districts and neighbourhoods of Warsaw, 18 districts, while the metropolitan area covers . Warsaw is classified as an Globalization and World Cities Research Network#Alpha 2, alpha global city, a major political, economic and cultural hub, and the country's seat of government. It is also the capital of the Masovian Voivodeship. Warsaw traces its origins to a small fishing town in Masovia. The city rose to prominence in the late 16th cent ...
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Wrzeszcz
Wrzeszcz (pronounced , ; ) is one of the boroughs of the Northern Polish city of Gdańsk. With a population of more than 65,000 in an area of (population density 6,622), Wrzeszcz is the most populous part of Gdańsk. History The current name Wrzeszcz comes from the old name of the area – ''Wrzost'', which derives from ''wrzos'', a Polish and Kashubian word for heather. The area of modern Wrzeszcz used to be forest and fields of heather. In modern Polish, the literal meaning of the word "wrzeszcz" is the second-person singular imperative form of "wrzeszczeć", meaning 'to scream/shout/yell', but this is not related to the etymology of this place name. Historical sources mention ''Vriezst'' in 1263 AD and Vriest 1283 as a place of a mill and by the end of the 13th century the Cistercian Monks of Oliwa owned four or five water mills on the Strieß ( Strzyża), the creek running through Wrzeszcz. Vriest is Low German as well as Dutch language word meaning ''frost''. In 1 ...
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Flight Simulator
A flight simulator is a device that artificially re-creates aircraft flight and the environment in which it flies, for pilot training, design, or other purposes. It includes replicating the equations that govern how aircraft fly, how they react to applications of flight controls, the effects of other aircraft systems, and how the aircraft reacts to external factors such as air density, turbulence, wind shear, cloud, precipitation, etc. Flight simulation is used for a variety of reasons, including flight training (mainly of pilots), the design and development of the aircraft itself, and research into aircraft characteristics and control handling qualities. The term "flight simulator" may carry slightly different meaning in general language and technical documents. In past regulations, it referred specifically to devices which can closely mimic the behavior of aircraft throughout various procedures and flight conditions. In more recent definitions, this has been named "full fli ...
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Swissair
Swissair (German language, German: Schweizerische Luftverkehr-AG; French language, French: S.A. Suisse pour la Navigation Aérienne, stylised as swissair) was the Flag carrier, national airline of Switzerland between its founding in 1931 and bankruptcy in 2002. Swissair was formed from a merger between Belair (airline), Balair and Ad Astra Aero. For most of its 71 years, it was one of the major international airlines and known as the "Flying Bank" due to its financial stability, causing it to be regarded as a Swiss national symbol and icon. It was headquartered at Zurich Airport, Kloten. In 1997, the Swissair Group was renamed SAirGroup (although it was again renamed Swissair Group in 2001), with four subdivisions: SAirLines (to which Swissair, regional subsidiaries Crossair and Balair, and leasing subsidiary FlightLease belonged), SAirServices, SAirLogistics, and SAirRelations. Due to its so-called "Hunter Strategy" of expanding its market by acquiring smaller airlines, Swissa ...
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International Trade
International trade is the exchange of capital, goods, and services across international borders or territories because there is a need or want of goods or services. (See: World economy.) In most countries, such trade represents a significant share of gross domestic product (GDP). While international trade has existed throughout history (for example Uttarapatha, Silk Road, Amber Road, salt roads), its economic, social, and political importance has been on the rise in recent centuries. Carrying out trade at an international level is a complex process when compared to domestic trade. When trade takes place between two or more states, factors like currency, government policies, economy, judicial system, laws, and markets influence trade. To ease and justify the process of trade between countries of different economic standing in the modern era, some international economic organizations were formed, such as the World Trade Organization. These organizations work towards the ...
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Switzerland
Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located in west-central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. Switzerland is geographically divided among the Swiss Plateau, the Swiss Alps, Alps and the Jura Mountains, Jura; the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory, whereas most of the country's Demographics of Switzerland, 9 million people are concentrated on the plateau, which hosts List of cities in Switzerland, its largest cities and economic centres, including Zurich, Geneva, and Lausanne. Switzerland is a federal republic composed of Cantons of Switzerland, 26 cantons, with federal authorities based in Bern. It has four main linguistic and cultural regions: German, French, Italian and Romansh language, Romansh. Although most Swiss are German-speaking, national identity is fairly cohesive, being rooted in a common historical background, shared ...
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SZD-24 Foka
The SZD-24 Foka (Seal) (''Szybowcowy Zakład Doświadczalny'' - Glider Experimental Works) was a single-seat high-performance aerobatic glider designed and built in Poland in 1960. Development The SZD-24 Foka was designed for competition flying in the 'Standard' class as well as aerobatic flying. The design originated from a design competition within SZD which was won by the ”Delfin”, to become the SZD-24 Foka in production. The first flight, by SP-2069, took place in May 1960 at Bielsko but results were not good with poorly performing airbrakes which were unable to limit the airspeed below VNE (Velocity Never Exceed). This posed a problem as OSTIV (''Organisation Scientifique et Technique Internationale du Vol à Voile'' – International Scientific and technical organisation for gliding) rules for the Standard class in gliding competitions stipulate that speed limiting devices must limit maximum speed to VNE or below. A second prototype was quickly built, fitted with ...
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SZD-22 Mucha Standard
The SZD-22 Mucha Standard (''Szybowcowy Zakład Doświadczalny'' – Glider Experimental Works) was a single-seat aerobatic glider designed and built in Poland from 1957. Development Developed especially for the 1958 World Gliding Championships, the SZD-22 Mucha Standard was a direct descendant of the IS-2 Mucha (''Fly''), from 1948, and SZD-12 Mucha 100, from 1953, with very similar lines and dimensions. The Mucha Standard was designed to the new Standard class rules which discarded the old Olympic 15-15-15 Span, Aspect Ratio, Area rule. The first flight of the SZD-22 took place at Bielsko with Adam Zientek at the controls on 10 February 1958. It was followed by the second prototype in June 1958. Flight trials were successful, leading to a long production run with six variants, which introduced various modifications. Built primarily of wood, the SZD-22 had airbrakes in the wings, a streamline cockpit canopy, short nose and tail skids with a single mainwheel. The SZD-22C m ...
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World Gliding Championships
The World Gliding Championships (WGC) is a gliding competitions, gliding competition held roughly every two years by the FAI Gliding Commission. The dates are not always exactly two years apart, often because the contests are always held in the summer in either the Southern Hemisphere or Northern Hemisphere. History Gliding had been a demonstration sport at the 1936 Summer Olympics and was due to become an official Olympic sports, Olympic sport in the Helsinki Games in 1940 Summer Olympics, 1940. However, since the Second World War, gliding has not featured in the Olympic Games, Olympics, and so the World Championships are the highest level in the sport. There are now contests for six Glider competition classes, classes of glider (sailplane), glider and so in recent years the Championships have been divided between two locations. The women's, junior, grand prix and aerobatic events are also held separately. Each of the following entries give the year and location of the contest fol ...
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Strzyżewice, Greater Poland Voivodeship
Strzyżewice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Święciechowa, within Leszno County, Greater Poland Voivodeship Greater Poland Voivodeship ( ) is a Voivodeships of Poland, voivodeship, or province, in west-central Poland. The province is named after the region called Greater Poland (''Wielkopolska'' ). The modern province includes most of this historic re ..., in west-central Poland. References Villages in Leszno County {{Leszno-geo-stub ...
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Leszno
Leszno (, , ) is a historic city in western Poland, seat of Leszno County within the Greater Poland Voivodeship. It is the seventh-largest city in the province with an estimated population of 62,200, as of 2021. Leszno is a former residential city of prominent Polish magnate families of Leszczyński and Sułkowski family, Sułkowski, including King Stanisław Leszczyński, under whose patronage it flourished to become one of the major economic and cultural centers of Greater Poland, as reflected in the variety of landmarks, especially of the Baroque period. Located on a Expressway S5 (Poland), highway and Wrocław–Poznań railway, railway line at about half the distance between the two main cities of western Poland, Poznań and Wrocław, Leszno is the largest city of south-western Greater Poland and a major location for industry, services and tourism. It is particularly well known as the location of an annual air show with attendance reaching tens of thousands of people from var ...
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Władysław Skonecki
Wladyslaw Skonecki (13 July 1920 – 12 June 1983) was a Polish tennis player. He was a Polish Champion, two-time winner of Monte Carlo Championships and represented the country in Davis Cup. Career Skonecki was born in Tomsk, in the Soviet Union on 13 July 1920. He played his first tournament in 1945 at the Polish National Championships. His career highlights include winning of Budapest International Championships in 1949, the Bad Neuenahr International (1951), the Italian Riviera Championships at San Remo in 1953, 1954, the Ortisei Tournament 1953,Steve G Tennis In 1955 he won 12 singles titles that season. some of which included the Austrian International Championships, the Beaulieu International Championships, the British Covered Court Championships,Waic the Cannes Gallia Club Championship, the Monte Carlo Championships, the Riviera Championships, the South of France Championships, and the Sao Paulo International. He also won the Central India Championships in 1955 ...
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