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Iran–Iraq–Syria Pipeline
The Iran–Iraq–Syria pipeline (called the ''Friendship Pipeline'' by the governments involved and the ''Islamic gas pipeline'' by some Western sources) is a proposed natural gas pipeline running from the Iranian South Pars/North Dome Gas-Condensate field towards Europe via Iran, Iraq, Syria and Lebanon to supply European customers as well as Iraq, Syria and Lebanon.UPI, 25 July 2011'Islamic pipeline' seeks Euro gas markets/ref> The pipeline was planned to be long and have a diameter of . A previous proposal, known as the Persian Pipeline, had seen a route from Iran's South Pars to Europe via Turkey; it was apparently abandoned after the Swiss energy company Elektrizitätsgesellschaft Laufenburg halted its contract with Iran in October 2010 in the face of pressure over U.S. sanctions against Iran. Iraq signed an agreement with Iran in June 2013 to receive natural gas to fuel Iraqi power plants in Baghdad and Diyala. The contract covers per day over 10 years. Iran's plans to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the northeast, Afghanistan to the east, Pakistan to the southeast, and the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south. With a Ethnicities in Iran, multi-ethnic population of over 92 million in an area of , Iran ranks 17th globally in both List of countries and dependencies by area, geographic size and List of countries and dependencies by population, population. It is the List of Asian countries by area, sixth-largest country entirely in Asia and one of the world's List of mountains in Iran, most mountainous countries. Officially an Islamic republic, Iran is divided into Regions of Iran, five regions with Provinces of Iran, 31 provinces. Tehran is the nation's Capital city, capital, List of cities in Iran by province, largest city and financial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christian Science Monitor
''The Christian Science Monitor'' (''CSM''), commonly known as ''The Monitor'', is a nonprofit news organization that publishes daily articles both in electronic format and a weekly print edition. It was founded in 1908 as a daily newspaper by Mary Baker Eddy, founder of the new religious movement Christian Science, Church of Christ, Scientist. Since its founding, the newspaper has been based in Boston. Over its existence, seven ''Monitor'' journalists have been awarded the Pulitzer Prize, including Edmund Stevens (1950), John Hughes (1968), Howard James (1968), Robert Cahn (1969), Richard Strout (1978), David S. Rohde (1996), and Clay Bennett (2002)."Pulitzer Prizes" at ''The Christian Science Monitor'' official website History 20th century [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Natural Gas Pipelines In Iraq
Nature is an inherent character or constitution, particularly of the Ecosphere (planetary), ecosphere or the universe as a whole. In this general sense nature refers to the Scientific law, laws, elements and phenomenon, phenomena of the physical world, including life. Although humans are part of nature, human activity or humans as a whole are often described as at times at odds, or outright Anthropocentrism, separate and even superior to nature. During the advent of modern scientific method in the last several centuries, nature became the passive reality, organized and moved by divine laws. With the Industrial Revolution, nature increasingly became seen as the part of reality deprived from intentional intervention: it was hence considered as sacred by some traditions (Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Rousseau, American transcendentalism) or a mere decorum for divine providence or human history (Hegel, Marx). However, a vitalist vision of nature, closer to the pre-Socratic one, got reborn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Natural Gas Pipelines In Iran
Nature is an inherent character or constitution, particularly of the ecosphere or the universe as a whole. In this general sense nature refers to the laws, elements and phenomena of the physical world, including life. Although humans are part of nature, human activity or humans as a whole are often described as at times at odds, or outright separate and even superior to nature. During the advent of modern scientific method in the last several centuries, nature became the passive reality, organized and moved by divine laws. With the Industrial Revolution, nature increasingly became seen as the part of reality deprived from intentional intervention: it was hence considered as sacred by some traditions (Rousseau, American transcendentalism) or a mere decorum for divine providence or human history (Hegel, Marx). However, a vitalist vision of nature, closer to the pre-Socratic one, got reborn at the same time, especially after Charles Darwin. Within the various uses of the word t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Guardian
''The Guardian'' is a British daily newspaper. It was founded in Manchester in 1821 as ''The Manchester Guardian'' and changed its name in 1959, followed by a move to London. Along with its sister paper, ''The Guardian Weekly'', ''The Guardian'' is part of the Guardian Media Group, owned by the Scott Trust Limited. The trust was created in 1936 to "secure the financial and editorial independence of ''The Guardian'' in perpetuity and to safeguard the journalistic freedom and liberal values of ''The Guardian'' free from commercial or political interference". The trust was converted into a limited company in 2008, with a constitution written so as to maintain for ''The Guardian'' the same protections as were built into the structure of the Scott Trust by its creators. Profits are reinvested in its journalism rather than distributed to owners or shareholders. It is considered a newspaper of record in the UK. The editor-in-chief Katharine Viner succeeded Alan Rusbridger in 2015. S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nafeez Mosaddeq Ahmed
Nafeez Mosaddeq Ahmed (; born 1978) is a British investigative journalist, author and academic. He is editor of the crowdfunded investigative journalism platform INSURGE intelligence. He is a former environment blogger for ''The Guardian'' from March 2013 to July 2014. From 2014 to 2017, Ahmed was a weekly columnist for ''Middle East Eye'', the London-based news portal founded by ex-''Guardian'' writer David Hearst. He is 'System Shift' columnist at Vice covering issues around global systems crises and solutions. Ahmed is now Special Investigations Reporter at ''Byline Times''. As a filmmaker, Ahmed co-produced and wrote ''The Crisis of Civilization'', and associate produced ''Grasp the Nettle'', both directed by Dean Puckett. Ahmed's academic work has focused on the systemic causes of mass violence. His work applies systems theory to explore the intersection of multiple global crises, including climate, energy, financial, political, military, and others. He is also an adviser ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qatar
Qatar, officially the State of Qatar, is a country in West Asia. It occupies the Geography of Qatar, Qatar Peninsula on the northeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula in the Middle East; it shares Qatar–Saudi Arabia border, its sole land border with Saudi Arabia to the south, with the rest of its territory surrounded by the Persian Gulf. The Gulf of Bahrain, an inlet of the Persian Gulf, separates Qatar from nearby Bahrain. The capital is Doha, home to over 80% of the country's inhabitants. Most of the land area is made up of flat, low-lying desert. Qatar has been ruled as a hereditary monarchy by the House of Thani since Mohammed bin Thani signed an agreement with Britain in 1868 that recognised its separate status. Following Ottoman Empire, Ottoman rule, Qatar became a British protectorate in 1916 and gained independence in 1971. The current emir is Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani, who holds nearly all executive, legislative, and judicial authority in an autocratic manner under ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qatar–Turkey Pipeline
The Qatar–Turkey pipeline was a proposal to build a natural gas pipeline from the Iranian–Qatari South Pars/North Dome Gas-Condensate field towards Turkey, where it could connect with the Nabucco pipeline to supply European customers as well as Turkey. One proposed route to Turkey was via Saudi Arabia, Jordan, and Syria, and another was through Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Iraq. After the fall of Assad regime, the Turkish Energy Minister Alparslan Bayraktar stated that the pipeline project could be revived if: 'Syria achieves its territorial integrity and stability.' See also * Iran–Iraq–Syria pipeline The Iran–Iraq–Syria pipeline (called the ''Friendship Pipeline'' by the governments involved and the ''Islamic gas pipeline'' by some Western sources) is a proposed natural gas pipeline running from the Iranian South Pars/North Dome Gas-Conde ... References Natural gas pipelines in Qatar Natural gas pipelines in Saudi Arabia Natural gas pipelines in Iraq Natur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nabucco Pipeline
The Nabucco pipeline (also referred as Turkey–Austria gas pipeline) was a failed natural gas pipeline project from Erzurum, Turkey, to Baumgarten an der March, Austria to diversify natural gas suppliers and delivery routes for Europe. The pipeline was to lessen European dependence on Russian energy. The project was backed by several European Union states and the United States and was seen as a rival to the Gazprom-Eni South Stream pipeline project. The main supplier was to be Iraq with potential supplies from Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, and Egypt. The project was developed by a consortium of six companies. Preparations started in 2002 and the intergovernmental agreement among Turkey, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary and Austria was signed on 13 July 2009. After an announcement of the construction of TANAP, the consortium submitted the Nabucco-West project, which was to run from the Turkish-Bulgarian border to Austria. It was a modification of the original Nabucco Pipeline pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iran Gas Trunkline
The Iran Gas Trunkline (IGAT) is a series of large diameter pipelines constructed from gas refineries in the south of Iran (Khuzestan province, Khuzestan and Bushehr province, Bushehr provinces) in order to transfer natural gas to consumption centers across the country. As of 2024, there are ten trunklines in operation and one under construction History Kazi Magomed–Astara–Abadan pipeline, IGAT1 was completed in October 1970, supplying gas to the Southern Caucasus republics of the Soviet Union. In 1975 the National Iranian Gas Company concluded agreements with Ruhrgas, Gaz de France, the Soviet Union, and Austria's OMV, to supply gas to Western Europe via a proposed IGAT2. Under the arrangement, Iran was to supply additional gas to the Soviet Union, while the Soviet Union was to supply gas to Czechoslovakia from its own gas fields in Siberia. Construction of IGAT2 was halted following the Iranian revolution. Main transmission lines * Kazi Magomed–Astara–Abadan pipeli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Development Fund Of Iran
The National Development Fund of Iran (NDFI; ) is Iran's sovereign wealth fund. It was founded in 2011 to supplement the Oil Stabilization Fund. NDFI is independent of the government's budget. Based on Article 84 of the Fifth Five-year Socio-Economic Development Plan (2010–2015), the National Development Fund was established to transform oil and gas revenues to productive investment for future generation. It is a member of the International Forum of Sovereign Wealth Funds and therefore is signed up to the Santiago Principles on best practice in managing sovereign wealth funds. Withdrawing any money from this fund requires Khamenei's permission. Accordingly, 20% of oil income is to be transferred to the National Development Fund and this percentage increases 3% annually until the end of the Fifth Five-year Socio-Economic Development Plan. The new fund is to extend 50% of its financial facilities to private, cooperative and non-governmental sectors and 20% to promote forei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Project Owner
In project management, an executive or project executive is a person who has ultimate responsibility for a project, and is a role defined in the recognized project management framework PRINCE2. It is appointed by the customer during the start of the project and usually comes from the customer. The project executive is the main decision maker, and designs and appoints the rest of the project management team, including the other members of the project board and the project management team (project manager, team leader(s)/sub-project manager(s), project assurance and project support). Structure The project executive is supported by the roles of senior user on the customer side and senior supplier on the supplier side, respectively. The tasks of the project executive involve securing funding, being responsible for the project delivering a product that achieves the goals that were set, and that this happens in a cost-conscious manner. The person must balance the requirements of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
