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Iranian Reform Movement
The Reformists () are a political faction in Iran. Iran's "reform era" is sometimes said to have lasted from 1997 to 2005—the length of President Mohammad Khatami's two terms in office. The Council for Coordinating the Reforms Front is the main umbrella organization and coalition within the movement; however, there are reformist groups not aligned with the council, such as the Reformists Front. Masoud Pezeshkian, a reformist, was elected president following the 2024 Iranian presidential election, and was subsequently confirmed by Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei on 28 July. Background Organizations The 2nd of Khordad Movement usually refers not only to the coalition of 18 groups and political parties of the reforms front but to anyone else who was a supporter of the 1997 reform programs of Khatami. The reforms front consists of several political parties, some of the most famous including the following: * Islamic Iran Participation Front: key figures are Mohammad Reza Kha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohammad Khatami
Mohammad Khatami (born 14 October 1943) is an Iranian politician and Shia cleric who served as the fifth president of Iran from 3 August 1997 to 3 August 2005. He also served as Iran's Minister of Culture from 1982 to 1992. Later, he was critical of the government of subsequent President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. Little known internationally before becoming president, Khatami attracted attention during 1997 Iranian presidential election, his first election to the presidency when he received almost 70% of the vote. Khatami had run on a platform of liberalization and reform. During his election campaign, Khatami proposed the idea of Dialogue Among Civilizations as a response to Samuel P. Huntington, Samuel P. Huntington's 1992 theory of a Clash of Civilizations. The United Nations later proclaimed the year 2001 as the ''Year of Dialogue Among Civilizations'', on Khatami's suggestion. During his two terms as president, Khatami advocated freedom of expression, tolerance and civil society ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vice President Of Iran
First vice president of Iran () is defined by article 124 of the Constitution of Iran as anyone appointed by the President of Iran to lead an organization related to presidential affairs in Iran. , there are fourteen vice presidents. The first vice president leads cabinet meetings in the absence of the president. ". Associated Press. Accessed July 22, 2009. First The role of the first vice president was created in the revision of the Constitution of Iran, Constitution in 1989. It took over some of the responsibilities of the Prime Minister of Iran, prime minister. According to Article 124, the first vice president chairs the board of ministers and coordinates the other vice presidencies, if approved by the president. According to Article 131, when the presidency is va ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karaj
Karaj (; ) is a List of cities in Iran by province, city in the Central District (Karaj County), Central District of Karaj County, Alborz province, Alborz province, Iran, serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district. Earliest evidence of inhabitation in Karaj can be dated to the Bronze Age at Tepe Khurvin. The city was developed under the rule of the Safavid Iran, Safavid and Qajar Iran, Qajar Empire and is home to historical buildings and memorials from those eras. This city has a unique climate due to access to natural resources such as many trees, rivers, and green plains. After Tehran, Karaj is the largest immigrant-friendly city in Iran, so it has been nicknamed "Little Iran." Although the county hosts a population around 1.97 million, as recorded in the 2016 census, most of the county is rugged mountain. The urban area is the fourth-largest in Iran, after Tehran, Mashhad, and Isfahan. Eshtehard County and Fardis County were split off from Karaj Coun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
City Council Of Isfahan
The Islamic City Council of Isfahan () is the directly elected council that presides over the city of Isfahan and elects the Mayor of Isfahan in a mayor–council government system. Committee #Youth, women, family commission #Economic, Legal, investment and tourism commission #Special water and deprived districts commission #Monitoring, legal, programs, analysis and assessment commission #City transit, Information Technology and Smartification commission #Cultural societal and sport commission #Construction, engineering, and citybuilding commission #Health ,environment wellbeing and public services commission #Supervision Committee #Budgetary Integration Commissions Research center Research center began in 2011, to support the council in three things policymaking, programming, and to keep watch over the council. It holds regular specialized council meetings , hosts educational conferences and workshops, provides databases, statistics, surveys & census and for the city counc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
City Council Of Mashhad
The Islamic City Council of Mashhad () is the directly elected council that presides over the city of Mashhad and elects the mayor in a mayor–council government system. Members References External links * {{URL, shora.mashhad.ir, Official website Mashhad Mashhad Mashhad ( ; ), historically also known as Mashad, Meshhed, or Meshed in English, is the List of Iranian cities by population, second-most-populous city in Iran, located in the relatively remote north-east of the country about from Tehran. ... 1999 establishments in Iran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
City Council Of Tehran
The Islamic City Council of Tehran () is the directly elected council that presides over the city of Tehran, elects the mayor of Tehran in a mayor–council government system, and budgets of the Municipality of Tehran. The council is composed of twenty one members elected on a plurality-at-large voting basis for four-year terms. The chairman and the deputy chairman of the council are chosen by the council at the first regular meeting in odd-numbered years. It holds regular meetings on Sunday, Tuesday and Wednesday at 10 am (except on holidays or if decided by special resolution not to meet). History The Persian Constitutional Revolution passed a law on local governance known as "Ghanoon-e Baladieh". The second and third articles of the law, on "anjoman-e baladieh", or the city council, provide a detailed outline on issues such as the role of the councils in the city, the members' qualifications, the election process, and the requirements to be entitled to vote. Baladieh, or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
City And Village Councils Of Iran
The Islamic Councils (), formerly known as the Provincial Societies () are local councils which are elected by public vote in all cities and villages throughout Iran. Council members in each city or village are elected by direct public vote to a 4-year term. dana.ir Retrieved 9 December 2019 According to article 7 of the Iranian Constitution, these local councils together with the Majlis (Parliament) are "decision-making and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Expediency Discernment Council
The Expediency Discernment Council of the System ( ''Majma'-e Tašxis-e Maslahat-e Nezâm'') is an administrative assembly of Iran appointed by the Supreme Leader of Iran, Supreme Leader and was created upon the revision to the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Constitution on 6 February 1988. It was originally set up to resolve differences or conflicts between the Majlis of Iran, Majlis and the Guardian Council, but "its true power lies more in its advisory role to the Supreme Leader." According to Hooman Majd, the Leader "delegated some of his own authority to the council—granting it supervisory powers over all branches of the government" following President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's election in 2005. Members of the council are chosen by the Supreme Leader every five years. History and role By 1987, the legislative process as well as the country's long-term policy formation had come to a standstill due to the doctrinal conflict between radical factions of the Islami ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guardian Council
The Guardian Council (also called Council of Guardians or Constitutional Council, ) is an appointed and constitutionally mandated 12-member council that wields considerable power and influence in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The constitution of the Islamic Republic gives the council three mandates: :a) veto power over legislation passed by the parliament (Majlis); :b) supervision of elections;Article 99 of the constitution and :c) approving or disqualifying candidates seeking to run in local, parliamentary, presidential, or Assembly of Experts elections.The Guardian Council Expands Power: Election Monitoring Boards Arseh Sevom, '' Arseh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Assembly Of Experts
The Assembly of Experts (), also translated as the Assembly of Experts of the Leadership or as the Council of Experts, is the deliberative body empowered to appoint the Supreme Leader of Iran. All directly elected members must first be vetted by the Guardian Council. All candidates to the Assembly of Experts must be approved by the Guardian Council whose members are, in turn, appointed either directly or indirectly by the Supreme Leader. The Assembly consists of 88 Mujtahids that are elected(see Article 108 of the constitution) from lists of thoroughly vetted candidates (in 2016 166 candidates were approved by the Guardians out of 801 who applied to run for the office), by direct public vote for eight-year terms. The number of members has ranged from 82 elected in 1982 to 88 elected in 2016. Current laws require the assembly to meet at least twice every six months. 1979 Assembly of Experts elections As the 3 August 1979 elections for the Assembly of Experts drew near, Ruho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Freedom House
Freedom House is a nonprofit organization based in Washington, D.C. It is best known for political advocacy surrounding issues of democracy, Freedom (political), political freedom, and human rights. Freedom House was founded in October 1941, with Wendell Willkie and Eleanor Roosevelt serving as its first honorary chairpersons. Most of the organization's funding comes from the U.S. State Department and other government grants. It also receives funds from various semi-public and private foundations, as well as individual contributions. The organization's annual ''Freedom in the World'' report assesses each country's degree of political freedoms and civil liberties. Another key annual report, ''Freedom on the Net'', is Freedom House's annual survey and analysis of internet freedom around the world. While often cited by political scientists, journalists, and policymakers, the organization's List of democracy indices, democracy indices have received criticism. Between the 1970s and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chief Justice Of Iran
The head of the Judicial System of the Islamic Republic of Iran (), often called the chief justice of Iran, is the head of the Judicial system of the Islamic Republic of Iran (Head of Judiciary) and is responsible for its administration and supervision.The position is required to be an "honorable man" according to Article 157 [Head of Judiciary] of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The Supreme Leader of Iran, Supreme Leader (Ali Khamenei) appoints and can dismiss the chief justice. The chief justice is also the highest judge of the Supreme Court of Iran. The chief justice nominates some candidates for serving as Ministry of Justice (Iran), Justice Minister and then the president selects one of them. The chief justice can serve for two five-year terms. List of chief justices of Iran * Emadoddin Mirmotahhari to 1975 * Nasser Yeganeh 1975–1979, appointed by Sadegh Ahmadi Chief justices since 1979 References {{DEFAULTSORT:Chief Justice of Iran Judicia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
