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Iranian Police Special Units
Special Units Command of FARAJA ( ''Yegānhā-ye vīzheh-ye pāsdārān-e FARAJA''), acronymed YEGUP (), is a subdivision of Law Enforcement Command of the Islamic Republic of Iran in charge of its special forces. The FARAJA Special Units were involved in the post-election protest suppression in 2009 and have forcefully put down multiple nationwide protests. History Iranian Police Special Units were established in 1991, after the disbanding of the previous law enforcement forces and the establishment of the then-Law Enforcement Force of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The Special Units, with roots in the Islamic Revolution Committees, were led by Mojtaba Abdollahi from their establishment until 2012. The Special were deployed for the first time in Mashhad in 1992. In 1994, the Special Units quelled riots in Qazvin, and in 1995 they confronted a major protest by bus and truck drivers in Eslamshahr. In 1999 Special Units were involved in confronting the 1999 protest movement. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NAJA
''Naja'' is a genus of venomous elapid snakes commonly known as cobras (or "true cobras"). Various species occur throughout Africa, Southwest Asia, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. Several other elapid species are often called "cobras", such as the king cobra and the rinkhals, but they are not "true cobras", in that they do not belong to the genus ''Naja''. Until recently, the genus ''Naja'' had 20 to 22 species, but it has undergone several Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic revisions in recent years, so sources vary greatly. Wide support exists, though, for a 2009 revision that synonymised the genera ''Boulengerina'' and ''Paranaja multifasciata, Paranaja'' with ''Naja''. According to that revision, the genus ''Naja'' now includes 38 species. Etymology The origin of the Genus, generic name, ''Naja'', is from the Sanskrit ''nāga'' (with a hard "g") meaning "snake". Some hold that the Sanskrit word is Cognate (etymology), cognate with English "snake", Germanic: ''*snēk-a-'', Pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Airborne Forces
Airborne forces are ground combat units carried by aircraft and airdropped into battle zones, typically by parachute drop. Parachute-qualified infantry and support personnel serving in airborne units are also known as paratroopers. The main advantage of airborne forces is their ability to be deployed into combat zones without a land passage, as long as the airspace is accessible. Formations of airborne forces are limited only by the number and size of their transport aircraft; a sizeable force can appear "out of the sky" behind enemy lines in merely hours if not minutes, an action known as ''vertical envelopment''. Airborne forces typically lack enough supplies for prolonged combat and so they are used for establishing an airhead to bring in larger forces before carrying out other combat objectives. Some infantry fighting vehicles have also been modified for paradropping with infantry to provide heavier firepower. Protocol I of the Geneva Conventions protects parachutis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iran Protests (other)
Iran protests or Iranian protests may refer to: * 1921 Persian coup d'état * 1953 Iranian coup d'état * 1979 Islamic Revolution * 1999 Iranian student protests * 2003 Iranian student protests * 2009–2010 Iranian presidential election protests * 2011–2012 Iranian protests * 2016 Cyrus the Great Revolt * 2017–2018 Iranian protests * 2018–2019 Iranian general strikes and protests * 2019–2020 Iranian protests The 2019–2020 Iranian protests, sometimes known as Bloody November or (using the Iranian calendar) Bloody Aban (), were a series of nationwide civil protests in Iran that took place in 2019 and 2020. Initially caused by a 50–200% increase ... ** Ukraine International Airlines Flight 752 protests * 2021–2022 Iranian protests ** 2022 Iranian food protests * 2022–2023 Mahsa Amini protests ** Woman, Life, Freedom movement {{Disambig Protests in Iran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Snatch Squad
The term "snatch squad" refers to two tactics used by police in riot control and crowd control. In riot control The snatch squad in riot control involves several police officers, usually wearing protective riot gear, rushing forwards—occasionally in a flying wedge formation—to break through the front of a crowd, with the objective of snatching one or more individuals from a riot that are attempting to control the demonstration at which they are present. The target may be a leader or a speaker, or someone who seems to be leading the crowd. In one British form of the tactic, three or four officers rush at a group of violent or disorderly people, with two of the officers carrying batons and the others a shield A shield is a piece of personal armour held in the hand, which may or may not be strapped to the wrist or forearm. Shields are used to intercept specific attacks, whether from close-ranged weaponry like spears or long ranged projectiles suc .... The officer with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basij
The Basij (, lit. ''The Mobilization'') or Sâzmân-e Basij-e Mostaz'afin (, lit. ''Organization for Mobilization of the Oppressed''), is a paramilitary volunteer militia within the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) and one of its five branches. The force is named ''Basij''; an individual member is called ''basiji'' in the Persian language. , Gholamreza Soleimani is the commander of the Basij. A paramilitary volunteer militia established in Iran in 1979 by order of Ayatollah Khomeini, leader of the Iranian Revolution, the organization originally consisted of civilian volunteers, often from poor, tribal, rural backgrounds effected from Post-Revolution economical and geopolitical issues, who were urged by Khomeini to fight in the Iran–Iraq War. Khomeini would occasionally refer to Basij as "The Twenty Million Army", claiming that about 75% of the time's population are Basijis. He would elaborate saying, that a country with 20 million of its people as their army, will ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Intelligence-led Policing
Intelligence-led policing (ILP) is a policing model built around the assessment and management of risk.Willem de Lint, “Intelligence in Policing and Security: Reflections on Scholarship,” Policing & Society, Vol. 16, no. 1 (March 2006): 1-6. Intelligence officers serve as guides to operations, rather than operations guiding intelligence.Royal Canadian Mounted Police“Intelligence-led policing: A Definition,” RCMP Criminal Intelligence Program. Retrieved 13 June 2007. Calls for intelligence-led policing originated in the 1990s, both in Britain and in the United States. In the U.S., Mark Riebling's 1994 book Wedge - The Secret War between the FBI and CIA spotlighted the conflict between law enforcement and intelligence, and urged cops to become "more like spies." Intelligence-led policing gained considerable momentum globally following the September 11 terrorist attacks on the United States. It is now advocated by the leading police associations in North America and the UK. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SAPCA
SAPCA (, acronym officially standing for Crowd Control Police Dogs, and Iran Detectives Police Dogs, ;) is the search and rescue and police dog A police dog, also known as a K-9 (phonemic abbreviation of canine), is a dog that is trained to assist police and other law enforcement officers. Their duties may include searching for drugs and explosives, locating missing people, findin ... unit of Law Enforcement Command of Islamic Republic of Iran and a subdivision of its Special Units Command. The unit was established in 2010. References Special forces of Iran Law Enforcement Command of Islamic Republic of Iran Police dogs Detection dogs People working with dogs {{law-enforcement-agency-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iranian Students' News Agency
The Iranian Students' News Agency () (ISNA, Persian: ) established in December 1999, is a news agency run by Iranian university students. Position Based in Tehran and founded in 1999 by Abolfazl Fateh-an ex-aide to former Iranian presidential candidate and opposition leader Mir Hossein Mousavi-ISNA is often quoted by the major international news agencies and has been widely regarded as "a politically moderate news source" in Iran. "Iranian Students News Agency (ISNA) was born in an era of major paradigmatic transformations in Iran's press and public discourse, which took place largely under the presidency of reformist Mohammad Khatami (1997-2005)". ISNA covers a variety of national and international topics.Engber, Daniel. What's With the Iranian Students News Agency?, ''Slate'', 2 February 2006. Retrieved 7 February 2007. Editors and correspondents are themselves students in a variety of subjects, many of them are volunteers (nearly 1000). Abolfazl Fateh,the agency's main foun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ASVARAN
The Aswārān (singular aswār), also spelled Asbārān and Savaran, was a cavalry force that formed the backbone of the army of the Sasanian Empire. They were provided by the aristocracy, were heavily armored, and ranged from archers to cataphracts. Etymology The word comes from the Old Persian word ''asabāra'' (from ''asa''- and ''bar'', a frequently used Achaemenid military technical term). The various other renderings of the word are the following: Parthian ''asbār'' (spelt ''spbr'' or ''SWSYN''), Middle Persian ''aswār'' (spelt ''ʼswbʼl'' or ''SWSYA''), Classical Persian ''suwār'' (), ''uswār''/''iswār'' (), Modern Persian ''savār'' (). The Arabic word ''asāwira'' (), used to refer to a certain faction of the Sasanian cavalry after the Muslim conquest, is a broken plural form of the Middle Persian ''aswār''. However, the word ''aswār'' only means "horseman" in Middle Persian literature, and it is only the late Arabic term that has a more specialized meaning. In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Counter-terrorism Special Force
The NOPO () officially standing for Counter-terrorism Special Force (), and in some sources Guardians of the Islamic Jurist Special Forces () is an Iranian special force acting under ''Amīr al-Mu'minīn Unit'' of Special Units Command of Law Enforcement Command of Islamic Republic of Iran. NOPO's duty is usually mentioned hostage rescue, but it is argued that the unit is a riot police, as it was involved in Iran student protests, July 1999 according to a report by Supreme National Security Council. The unit has been compared to the Army's NOHED and IRGC's Saberin Unit by its commanders. However, there is little known about the unit. The NOPO is also often confused with the " Special Unit", which is actually its parent organization, and there are many rumors surrounding the unit itself. The NOPO acronym had been claimed to be an acronym for "'' Wilayat Guardian Special Force''" () by reformist media in late 1990s; the association was denied. Members of the unit are known to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ruhollah Khomeini
Ruhollah Musavi Khomeini (17 May 1900 or 24 September 19023 June 1989) was an Iranian revolutionary, politician, political theorist, and religious leader. He was the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the main leader of the Iranian Revolution, which overthrew Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, and served as the first supreme leader of Iran, the highest-ranking political and religious authority of the Islamic Republic until Death and state funeral of Ruhollah Khomeini, his death in 1989. Born in Khomeyn, in what is now Iran's Markazi province, his father was murdered when Khomeini was two years old. He began studying the Quran and Classical Arabic, Arabic from a young age assisted by his relatives. Khomeini became a high ranking cleric in Twelver Shi'ism, an ''ayatollah'', a ''marja''' ("source of emulation"), a ''Ijtihad#Qualifications of a mujtahid, mujtahid'' or ''faqīh'' (an expert in ''fiqh''), and author of more than 40 books. His opposition to the White Revolution result ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Greater Tehran
Greater Tehran Metropolitan Area is the urban agglomeration around Tehran that covers the central part of the Tehran Province and eastern part of the Alborz Province, that covers the contiguous cities of Tehran, Ray, Shemirānāt, and other areas. As of 2012, Greater Tehran had a population of close to 14 million residents. The 2016 census had the population at 13.3 million in Tehran Province (only 200 thousands of them outside Tehran and the suburban counties) and 2.2 million in Karaj and Fardis combined. So it can be estimated that the population of the urban agglomeration was about 15 million people in 2016, and it is sinking 25 cm per year because of the accelerated influx and the overuse of natural resources. Since the 1960s, much of Greater Tehran's growth has been caused by an influx of urban poor into informal settlements on the fringe.Zebardast, E. (2006). Marginalization of the urban poor and the expansion of the spontaneous settlements on the Tehran metropolitan f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
