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Ionel Rotaru
Ionel Rotaru (1918-1982) was a Romani activist. Born in Bessarabia, now Moldova, he survived World War II and settled in France. Rotaru contributed significantly to the advocacy for his people, famously crowning himself as Vaida Voevod III, claiming to be the supreme leader of the Romani people. His founding of the Communauté Mondiale Gitane, the first international Romani organization, furthered his efforts to advocate for Romani rights and education. Despite challenges, including legal issues over specially issued passports for Roma, his efforts eventually led to the establishment of the International Romani Union and popularized the bicolor Romani flag. Early life Ionel Rotaru was born in Bessarabia, now located in modern-day Moldova, in 1918. He had a middle-class upbringing living with his parents, three brothers, and two sisters. His family was literate; his father was an engineer, while two of his brothers held jobs as an architect and a journalist. During World War II, h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Romani People
{{Infobox ethnic group , group = Romani people , image = , image_caption = , flag = Roma flag.svg , flag_caption = Romani flag created in 1933 and accepted at the 1971 World Romani Congress , pop = 2–12 million , region2 = United States , pop2 = 1 million estimated with Romani ancestry{{efn, 5,400 per 2000 United States census, 2000 census. , ref2 = {{cite news , first=Kayla , last=Webley , url=http://content.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,2025316,00.html , title=Hounded in Europe, Roma in the U.S. Keep a Low Profile , agency=Time , date=13 October 2010 , access-date=3 October 2015 , quote=Today, estimates put the number of Roma in the U.S. at about one million. , region3 = Brazil , pop3 = 800,000 (0.4%) , ref3 = , region4 = Spain , pop4 = 750,000–1.5 million (1.5–3.7%) , ref4 = {{cite web , url ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bessarabia
Bessarabia () is a historical region in Eastern Europe, bounded by the Dniester river on the east and the Prut river on the west. About two thirds of Bessarabia lies within modern-day Moldova, with the Budjak region covering the southern coastal region and part of the Ukrainian Chernivtsi Oblast covering a small area in the north. In the late 14th century, the newly established Principality of Moldavia encompassed what later became known as Bessarabia. Afterward, this territory was directly or indirectly, partly or wholly controlled by: the Ottoman Empire (as suzerain of Moldavia, with direct rule only in Budjak and Khotyn), the Russian Empire, Romania, the USSR. In the aftermath of the Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812), and the ensuing Treaty of Bucharest (1812), Peace of Bucharest, the eastern parts of the Moldavia, Principality of Moldavia, an Ottoman Empire, Ottoman vassal state, vassal, along with some areas formerly under direct Ottoman rule, were ceded to Imperial Russ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the world's countries participated, with many nations mobilising all resources in pursuit of total war. Tanks in World War II, Tanks and Air warfare of World War II, aircraft played major roles, enabling the strategic bombing of cities and delivery of the Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, first and only nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II is the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflict in history, causing World War II casualties, the death of 70 to 85 million people, more than half of whom were civilians. Millions died in genocides, including the Holocaust, and by massacres, starvation, and disease. After the Allied victory, Allied-occupied Germany, Germany, Allied-occupied Austria, Austria, Occupation of Japan, Japan, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Romani Union
The International Romani Union (), formerly known as the International Gypsy Committee and International Rom Committee, is an organization active for the rights of the Romani people. Its seat is in Vienna. The International Romani Union also has offices in Skopje, North Macedonia, and Washington, D.C., US. The IRU was established at the second World Romani Congress in 1978. Its presidents have included Stanislav Stankiewicz, Emil Ščuka, and before him, Rajko Đurić, who held this office for many years. The current president of the IRU is Zoran Dimov, who was elected during the 10th congress which was held on 18–20 March 2016 in Skopje, Macedonia. It was attended by 100 delegates and members of the IRU from 40 countries. After that, a new leadership of the IRU parliament chaired by the past head of parliament Stevo Balogh from Austria was elected. The IRU has a consultative ECOSOC status within the UN. History In 1959, Ionel Rotaru founded the World Gypsy Community (CMG ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flag Of The Romani People
The Romani flag () is the international ethnic flag of the Romani people, historically known as Gypsies. They constitute a stateless minority concentrated in parts of Europe, but are also dispersed across parts of other continents. The flag was approved by the representatives of various Romani communities at the first and second World Romani Congresses (WRC), in 1971 and 1978. It consists of a background of blue and green, representing the heavens and earth, respectively; it also contains a 16-spoke red ''dharmachakra'', or cartwheel, in the center. The latter element stands for the itinerant tradition of the Romani people and is also an homage to the flag of India, added to the flag by scholar Weer Rajendra Rishi. It superseded a number of tribal emblems and banners, several of which evoked claims of Romani descent from the Ancient Egyptians. Older Romani symbolism comprises insignia reflecting occupational and tribal divisions, as well totems and pictograms. In some cases, King ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enghien-les-Bains
Enghien-les-Bains () is a Communes of France, commune in the Departements of France, department of Val-d'Oise, France. It is located in the northern suburbs of Paris, from the Kilometre Zero, centre of Paris. Enghien-les-Bains is famous as a spa resort and a well-to-do suburb of Paris, developed in the nineteenth century around the scenic Lac d'Enghien, lake of Enghien. A casino, the only one in the vicinity of Paris, is located on the shores of the lake. Name The suffix ''les Bains'' (literally "the Baths") was added to the name when the ''Communes of France, commune'' was incorporated in 1850, to distinguish this place from the Belgian city of Enghien, near Mons, Belgium, Mons, and to acknowledge the thermal baths for which Enghien-les-Bains is famous. The name Enghien itself does refer to the Belgian city, which was a fief of the Prince of Condé, princes of Condé, a cadet branch of the French royal family, who inherited the duchy of Montmorency, Val-d'Oise, Montmorency ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iron Curtain
The Iron Curtain was the political and physical boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas from the end of World War II in 1945 until the end of the Cold War in 1991. On the east side of the Iron Curtain were countries connected to the Soviet Union, and on the west side those that were NATO members. Economic and military alliances developed on each side of the Iron Curtain, and it became a term for the physical barriers of razor wire, Fence, fences, Fortified wall, walls, minefields, and Watchtower, watchtowers built along it. The nations to the east of the Iron Curtain were People's Republic of Poland, Poland, East Germany, Socialist Republic of Czechoslovakia, Czechoslovakia, Hungarian People's Republic, Hungary, Socialist Republic of Romania, Romania, People's Republic of Bulgaria, Bulgaria, People's Republic of Albania, Albania, and the USSR; however, Reunification of Germany, East Germany, Breakup of Czechoslovakia, Czechoslovakia, and the Dissolution of the USSR, USS ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Whitney Smith
Whitney Smith Jr. (February 26, 1940 – November 17, 2016) was an American vexillologist. He coined the term ''vexillology'', which refers to the scholarly analysis of all aspects of flags. He was a founder of several vexillology organizations. Smith was a Laureate and a Fellow of the International Federation of Vexillological Associations. Early life and education Whitney Smith Jr. was born on February 26, 1940, to Mildred and Whitney Smith. As a youth, he lived in Lexington and Winchester, Massachusetts. Smith credited his interest in flags to his memories of Massachusetts Patriots' Day celebrations and a gift of ''The Golden Encyclopedia'' when he was about 6 years old. At Harvard, he studied political science and received a bachelor's degree in the field in 1961. During his time at Harvard, Smith designed the flag of Guyana after corresponding with Guyanese premier Cheddi Jagan via mail. He received his doctorate in political science at Boston University in 196politi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1918 Births
The ceasefire that effectively ended the First World War took place on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month of this year. Also in this year, the Spanish flu pandemic killed 50–100 million people worldwide. In Russia, this year runs with only 352 days. As the result of Julian to Gregorian calendar switch, 13 days needed to be skipped. Wednesday, January 31 ''(Julian Calendar)'' was immediately followed by Thursday, February 14 ''(Gregorian Calendar)''. Events World War I will be abbreviated as "WWI" January * January – 1918 flu pandemic: The "Spanish flu" ( influenza) is first observed in Haskell County, Kansas. * January 4 – The Finnish Declaration of Independence is recognized by Soviet Russia, Sweden, Germany and France. * January 8 – American president Woodrow Wilson presents the Fourteen Points as a basis for peace negotiations to end the war. * January 9 – Battle of Bear Valley: U.S. troops engage Yaqui Native Ameri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Romani Activists
Romani may refer to: Ethnic groups * Romani people, or Roma, an ethnic group of Indo-Aryan origin ** Romani language, an Indo-Aryan macrolanguage of the Romani communities ** Romanichal, Romani subgroup in the United Kingdom * Romanians (Romanian: ''români''), Romance-speaking ethnic group and nation Places * Români (river), in Romania * Români, Neamț, Romania, a village and commune * Români , Băbeni, Romania, a village * Baurci-Moldoveni (formerly Români), Moldova, a village * Battle of Romani, near the Egyptian town of the same name Other uses * Romani (name), including a list of people with the name * Romani (grape), or Trebbiano See also *Rom (other) *Roma (other) *List of Romani people *Names of the Romani people *"Romani ite domum "" () is the corrected Latin phrase for the graffito "" from a scene in the film '' Monty Python's Life of Brian''. ''Life of Brian'' The scene features John Cleese as a centurion and Graham Chapman as Bria ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
