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Intersex People And Military Service
Military service of intersex people varies greatly by country. Some armed forces such as the Australian Defence Force fully embrace intersex people in the modern era, while others such as the United States Armed Forces have vague rules or policies or treat the subject on a case by case basis. History In the late 1800s, military medical examinations became a driving force in increased detection and diagnosis of intersex individuals. Views The 2014 book ''Operative Pediatric Surgery'' states that "societies that have accepted intersex individuals culturally may still have issues with whether or not to accept them in the military", this being due to the difficulties in determining where to place them as well as the complex medical issues they may pose.''Operative Pediatric Surgery'' - Page 901 In 2007 the US-based Palm Center released a report that found that most of the militaries beliefs about transgender and intersex medical requirements were myths and posed no barrier to effec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Intersex Service In The Armed Forces By Country Or Territory
Intersex people are those born with any of several sex characteristics, including chromosome patterns, gonads, or genitals that, according to the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, "do not fit typical binary notions of male or female bodies". Sex assignment at birth usually aligns with a child's external genitalia. The number of births with ambiguous genitals is in the range of 1:4,500–1:2,000 (0.02%–0.05%). Other conditions involve the development of atypical chromosomes, gonads, or hormones. The portion of the population that is intersex has been reported differently depending on which definition of intersex is used and which conditions are included. Estimates range from 0.018% (one in 5,500 births) to 1.7%. The difference centers on whether conditions in which chromosomal sex matches a phenotypic sex which is clearly identifiable as male or female, such as late onset congenital adrenal hyperplasia (1.5 percentage points) and Klinefelt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xie Jianshun
Xie Jianshun (; born January 24, 1918 – ?) was a Taiwanese intersex man who gained considerable fame in 1953 when his variation was discovered by doctors of the Republic of China Armed Forces. He was considered by many to be the first Chinese "transsexual" when he underwent sex reassignment surgery and was frequently dubbed as the "Chinese Christine" due to both of them having been soldiers. This caused major cultural impact on the Taiwanese people as many felt it put the nation on the same level of development as the United States. Despite this, Xie did not want to transition from intersex to female but was encouraged to do so by medical professionals. Howard Chiang; ''Sexuality in China: Histories of Power and Pleasure''; 138 Biography Early life Xie was born on January 24, 1918 in Chaozhou, Guandong, China. He joined the army when he was 16 and lost both of his parents by age 19. He moved to Taiwan in 1949. Military service and diagnosis Xie's hermaphroditic condition w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sex Reassignment Surgery
Gender-affirming surgery (GAS) is a surgical procedure, or series of procedures, that alters a person's physical appearance and sexual characteristics to resemble those associated with their gender identity. The phrase is most often associated with transgender health care, though many such treatments are also pursued by cisgender individuals. It is also known as sex reassignment surgery (SRS), gender confirmation surgery (GCS), and several other names. Professional medical organizations have established Standards of Care, which apply before someone can apply for and receive reassignment surgery, including psychological evaluation, and a period of real-life experience living in the desired gender. Feminization surgeries are surgeries that result in female-looking anatomy, such as vaginoplasty, vulvoplasty and breast augmentation. Masculinization surgeries are those that result in male-looking anatomy, such as phalloplasty and breast reduction. In addition to gend ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Assigned Female At Birth
Sex assignment (also known as gender assignment) is the discernment of an infant's sex, typically made at birth based on an examination of the baby's external genitalia by a healthcare provider such as a midwife, nurse, or physician. In the vast majority of cases (99.95%), sex is assigned unambiguously at birth. However, in about 1 in 2000 births, the baby's genitalia may not clearly indicate male or female, necessitating additional diagnostic steps, and deferring sex assignment. In most countries the healthcare provider's determination, along with other details of the birth, is by law recorded on an official document and submitted to the government for later issuance of a birth certificate and for other legal purposes. The prevalence of intersex conditions, where a baby's sex characteristics do not conform strictly to typical definitions of male or female, ranges between 0.018% and 1.7%. While some intersex conditions result in genital ambiguity (approximately 0.02% to 0. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Defence Force Lesbian Gay Bisexual Transgender And Intersex Information Service
Sexual orientation and gender identity in the Australian military are not considered disqualifying matters in the 21st century, with the Australian Defence Force (ADF) allowing LGBT people to serve openly and access the same entitlements as other personnel. The ban on gay and lesbian personnel was lifted by the Keating government in 1992, with a 2000 study finding no discernible negative impacts on troop morale. In 2009, the First Rudd government introduced equal entitlements to military retirement pensions and superannuation for the domestic partners of LGBTI personnel. Since 2010, transgender personnel may serve openly and may undergo gender transition with ADF support while continuing their military service. LGBTI personnel are also supported by the charity DEFGLIS, the Defence Force Lesbian Gay Bisexual Transgender and Intersex Information Service. Gay, lesbian and bisexual personnel Historical prohibition Homosexuals were not permitted to join the Australian armed forces un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Service Member
Military personnel or military service members are members of the state's armed forces. Their roles, pay, and obligations differ according to their military branch (army, navy, marines, coast guard, air force, and space force), rank ( officer, non-commissioned officer, or enlisted recruit), and their military task when deployed on operations and on exercise. Terminology Military personnel who serve in an army or otherwise large land force are referred to as soldiers. Those who serve in a navy, coast guard, or other seagoing force are seamen or sailors. Naval infantry or marines are personnel who serve both on land and at sea, and may be part of a navy or a marine corps. Personnel who serve in air forces are airmen. Space force personnel typically do not have a specific term given how few exist, but in the U.S. Space Force personnel are referred to as guardians. Designated leaders of military personnel are officers. These include commissioned officers, warrant offic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Zealand Defence Force
The New Zealand Defence Force (NZDF; , "Line of Defence of New Zealand") is the three-branched military of New Zealand. The NZDF is responsible for the protection of the national security of New Zealand and its realm, promoting its interests, safeguarding peace and security, as well as supporting peacekeeping and humanitarian missions. It consists of three services: the Royal New Zealand Navy (RNZN), the New Zealand Army and the Royal New Zealand Air Force (RNZAF), as well as tri-service components. As of June 2024, the NZDF has a strength of 15,383 employees, consisting of 10,037 regular force personnel, 3,281 reserve force personnel and 3,294 civilian members. It is supported by the New Zealand Ministry of Defence (MOD) and is commanded by the Chief of Defence Force (CDF). The principal roles and tasks expected of the NZDF is to provide a combat capable force to defend New Zealand's sovereign territory, and protect critical lines of communication. To provide civil defence ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Canadian Armed Forces
The Canadian Armed Forces (CAF; , FAC) are the unified Military, military forces of Canada, including sea, land, and air commands referred to as the Royal Canadian Navy, Canadian Army and the Royal Canadian Air Force. Under the ''National Defence Act'', the Canadian Armed Forces are an entity separate and distinct from the Department of National Defence (Canada), Department of National Defence (the Government of Canada, federal government department responsible for the administration and formation of defence policy), which also exists as the civilian support system for the forces. The Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces, command-in-chief of the Canadian Armed Forces is constitutionally vested in the Monarchy of Canada, monarch, , who is represented by the Governor General of Canada, Governor General. The Chief of the Defence Staff (Canada), chief of the Defence Staff is the professional head of the Canadian Armed Forces, who under the direction of the Minister of Nati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armed Forces Of The Czech Republic
The Armed Forces of the Czech Republic () are the military forces of the Czech Republic. They consist of the Army of the Czech Republic, the Military Office of the President of the Czech Republic and the Castle Guard, as defined by the Act No. 219/1999, on the Armed Forces of the Czech Republic. The current supreme commander of the Armed Forces of the Czech Republic is President of the Republic Petr Pavel. The term Armed Forces of the Czech Republic is defined by law. However, in several Czech military documents it is also used for the actual Army of the Czech Republic The Czech Armed Forces (), also known as the Czech Army, are the military responsible for the defence of the Czech Republic as the main part of the Armed Forces of the Czech Republic (). The Czech Armed Forces led by the Staff (military), Gen .... For example, 2004 Doctrine of the Armed Forces of the Czech Republic is called Doctrine of the Army of the Czech Republic (). Moreover, in 2011 White Paper on De ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lê Văn Duyệt
Lê Văn Duyệt (1763 or 1764 – 30 July 1832) was a Vietnamese general who helped Nguyễn Ánh—the future Emperor Gia Long—put down the Tây Sơn wars, unify Vietnam and establish the Nguyễn dynasty. After the Nguyễn came to power in 1802, Duyệt became a high-ranking mandarin, serving under the first two Nguyễn emperors Gia Long and Minh Mạng.Nghia M. Vo ''Saigon: A History'' – Page 46 2011 Born into a family of peasants near Tiền Giang, Duyệt joined Prince Nguyễn Ánh in fighting the Tây Sơn wars. Because of Duyệt's military ability, he quickly rose through the ranks of the Nguyễn army and became a marshal when the Tây Sơn-Nguyễn war ended. After the foundation of the Nguyễn dynasty, Duyệt served as a high-ranking mandarin and, later, viceroy of the southern part of Vietnam, ruling from Gia Định (modern-day Saigon). His governance greatly stabilized and helped develop the Nam Bo region, turning it into a wealthy and peaceful reg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spanish Armed Forces
The Spanish Armed Forces are in charge of guaranteeing the sovereignty and independence of the Spain, Kingdom of Spain, defending its territorial integrity and the constitutional order, according to the functions entrusted to them by the Spanish Constitution of 1978, Constitution of 1978. They are composed of: the Spanish Army, Army, the Spanish Air and Space Force, Air and Space Force, the Spanish Navy, Navy, the Spanish Royal Guard, Royal Guard, and the Military Emergencies Unit, as well as the so-called Common Corps of the Spanish Armed Forces, Common Corps. Spain occupies a prominent position in the structure of NATO, which it joined in 1982. Yet, it spends significantly less than 2% of GDP on defence, as advised by NATO. This puts it among the countries with the lowest spending within NATO. Spain has the oldest Spanish Marine Infantry, Marine Infantry in the world and the oldest permanent military units in the world: the ''Infantry Regiment "Inmemorial del Rey" No. 1'' and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
