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Internal Security Forces
The Internal Security Forces (; ; abbreviated ISF) are the national police and gendarmerie of Lebanon. Modern police were established in Lebanon in 1861, with the creation of a gendarmerie force. In April 2005, Ashraf Rifi became head of the ISF, replacing Ali Al Hajj. Rifi then started to recruit younger members to become part of Lebanese Intelligence. His term ended in April 2013, and he was replaced by Roger Salem, and Ibrahim Basbouss subsequently. On March 8, 2017, the Lebanese Cabinet appointed Imad Othman as the ISF director general. He took command the following day. The number of ISF personnel reached 100,000 by 2000 and grew to over 131,000 by 2013. The ISF National Day in Lebanon is on the 9th of June. Missions Their missions include : * Maintaining public order. * Highway patrol. * Counter-terrorism. Organization The ISF organization includes: * The Ministry of the interior * Inspector-General * Directorate General of Internal Security Forces ** Staff ** Territ ...
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Asayish (NES Regions)
The Internal Security Forces, also known as the Asayish in the Jazira, Euphrates, and Afrin Regions, is the internal security and police force in the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria. Formed in the early stages of the Syrian Civil War, it had initially been established to police areas controlled by the Kurdish Supreme Committee. In October 2013, the Asayish claimed to have 4,000 members; by 2017, the number had reportedly risen to over 15,000. Structure Organization According to the Constitution of North and East Syria, policing is the responsibility of the autonomous sub-regions. Overall, the local Asayish forces are composed of 26 official bureaus that aim to provide security and solutions to social problems. The six main units of the Asayish are Checkpoints Administration, Anti-Terror Forces Command (, HAT), Intelligence Directorate, Organized Crime Directorate, Traffic Directorate and Treasury Directorate. By 2016, 218 Asayish centers were establish ...
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Public-order Crime
In criminology, public-order crime is defined by Siegel (2004) as "crime which involves acts that interfere with the operations of society and the ability of people to function efficiently", i.e., it is behaviour that has been labelled criminal because it is contrary to shared Norm (sociology), norms, social values, and Convention (norm), customs. Robertson (1989:123) maintains a crime is nothing more than "an act that contravenes a law". Generally speaking, Deviance (sociology), deviancy is criminalization, criminalized when it is too disruptive and has proved uncontrollable through informal sanctions. Public-order crime should be distinguished from political crime. In the former, although the identity of the "victim" may be indirect and sometimes diffuse, it is cumulatively the community that suffers, whereas in a political crime, the State (polity), state perceives itself to be the victim and criminalizes the behaviour it considers threatening. Thus, public-order crime includ ...
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Lebanese Government Of December 2016
Lebanese may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Lebanon * Lebanese people, people from Lebanon or of Lebanese descent * Lebanese Arabic, the variety of Levantine Arabic spoken in Lebanon * Lebanese culture * Lebanese cuisine See also

* * List of Lebanese people {{disambig Language and nationality disambiguation pages ...
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Ali Al Hajj
Ali Al Hajj (; born 1955) is a former major general and ex-director general of the Lebanese Internal Security Forces. Early life Hajj was born into a Muslim Sunni family based in northern Lebanon in 1955. Career Hajj was in charge of government protection for Rafik Hariri from 1992 to 1998. He was removed from his post when Hariri discovered Hajj was also working for Syrian intelligence. He was appointed the director general of the Lebanese internal security forces in 2004 by Interior Minister Suleiman Frangieh. He stepped aside on 22 April 2005 and was replaced by Ashraf Rifi. He was one of seven pro-Syrian officials whose resignations had been requested by the Lebanese opposition after the assassination of Hariri. Controversy The first UN team investigating the Hariri assassination led by Irish deputy Garda Commissioner Peter Fitzgerald discovered that the wreckage of Hariri's six-car motorcade had been removed from the crime scene at midnight on 14 February 2005. It was fur ...
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Ashraf Rifi
Ashraf Rifi (; also spelled Achraf Rifi) (born 1 April 1954) is a Lebanese politician and former police chief. He was the general director of the Lebanese Internal Security Forces (ISF; the national police) from 2005 to 2013 and served as minister of justice from 15 February 2014 to 21 February 2016. He is a member of the Renewal Bloc in the Lebanese Parliament. Early life and education Rifi was born into a Muslim Sunni family in Tripoli, Lebanon on 1 April 1954. He attended Lebanese University(LU), studying the sociology of crime. He studied police work abroad during assignments with police forces in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Maisons-Alfort, France; and Saudi Arabia. Career Security forces Rifi joined the Police of the North Governorate in 1976 and was first posted as a Police Lieutenant in Halba from 1976 to 1978. Thereafter, he was Police Chief or Deputy Police Chief of various small towns in Akkar, Koura and Byblos, before joining the Anti Smuggling Unit of Tri ...
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Lebanon
Lebanon, officially the Republic of Lebanon, is a country in the Levant region of West Asia. Situated at the crossroads of the Mediterranean Basin and the Arabian Peninsula, it is bordered by Syria to the north and east, Israel to the south, and the Mediterranean Sea to the west; Cyprus lies a short distance from the coastline. Lebanon has a population of more than five million and an area of . Beirut is the country's capital and largest city. Human habitation in Lebanon dates to 5000 BC. From 3200 to 539 BC, it was part of Phoenicia, a maritime civilization that spanned the Mediterranean Basin. In 64 BC, the region became part of the Roman Empire and the subsequent Byzantine Empire. After the seventh century, it Muslim conquest of the Levant, came under the rule of different Islamic caliphates, including the Rashidun Caliphate, Rashidun, Umayyad Caliphate, Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphate, Abbasid. The 11th century saw the establishment of Christian Crusader states, which fell ...
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Gendarmerie
A gendarmerie () is a paramilitary or military force with law enforcement duties among the civilian population. The term ''gendarme'' () is derived from the medieval French expression ', which translates to " men-at-arms" (). In France and some Francophone nations, the gendarmerie is a branch of the armed forces that is responsible for internal security in parts of the territory (primarily in rural areas and small towns in the case of France), with additional duties as military police for the armed forces. It was introduced to several other Western European countries during the Napoleonic conquests. In the mid-twentieth century, a number of former French mandates and colonial possessions (such as Lebanon, Syria, the Ivory Coast and the Republic of the Congo) adopted a gendarmerie after independence. Similar forces exist in most European countries. The European Gendarmerie Force is a structure, aligned with the European Union, that facilitates joint operations. A similar ...
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Abbreviation
An abbreviation () is a shortened form of a word or phrase, by any method including shortening (linguistics), shortening, contraction (grammar), contraction, initialism (which includes acronym), or crasis. An abbreviation may be a shortened form of a word, usually ended with a trailing period. For example, the term ''etc.'' is the usual abbreviation for the list of Latin phrases, Latin phrase . Types A ''Contraction (grammar), contraction'' is an abbreviation formed by replacing letters with an apostrophe. Examples include ''I'm'' for ''I am'' and ''li'l'' for ''little''. An ''initialism'' or ''acronym'' is an abbreviation consisting of the initial letter of a sequence of words without other punctuation. For example, Federal Bureau of Investigation, FBI (wiktionary:FBI#Pronunciation, ), United States, USA (wiktionary:USA#Pronunciation, ), IBM (wiktionary:IBM#Pronunciation, ), BBC (wiktionary:BBC#Pronunciation, ). When initialism is used as the preferred term, acronym refers mor ...
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Wissam Al-Hassan
Wissam Adnan al-Hassan (; 11 April 1965 – 19 October 2012) was a brigadier general at the Lebanese Internal Security Forces (ISF) and the head of its intelligence-oriented Information Branch. Seen as a leading Sunni figure in Lebanon, he was also a key player in the opposition March 14 alliance without having a political position. Early life Al-Hassan was born into a Sunni family in the northern Lebanese city of Btouratige, Koura District, Lebanon, on 11 April 1965. However, the UN report cites his birthplace as Tripoli. From 1992 to 1995 al-Hassan was official guard of the late Lebanese Prime Minister Rafik Hariri. During this period, he was an internal security officer under Ali Al Hajj. In 1995, he was appointed Hariri's chief of protocol and served in this post until 1998. Then he was named as the head of the Hariri office (1998 - 2000). He worked as Hariri's head guard detachment from June 2001 to Summer 2004, and also, promoted to the rank of lieutenant colo ...
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Wissam Eid
Wissam Eid (; 2 October 1976 – 25 January 2008) was a Lebanese police officer and senior intelligence official. He is best known for providing vital information about the assassination of Lebanese prime minister Rafic Hariri to an international investigation on the assassination. However, Eid was assassinated by a car bomb in Beirut on 25 January 2008. Biography Eid was born 2 October 1976 in Deir Ammar, near Tripoli in northern Lebanon. The son of an officer in the Lebanese Internal Security Forces (ISF), he studied in Tripoli, then obtained an engineering diploma in computer information systems from the University of Balamand in 1999. He was in charge of the technical aspect of the investigations into the attacks that occurred since 2004, and had provided important information to the international investigation into the assassination of the former prime minister Rafic Hariri. According to the German news magazine ''Der Spiegel,'' the evidence implicating Hezbollah which Ei ...
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