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Intelligence Service Act (Switzerland)
The Intelligence Service Act (IntelSA) is a Swiss federal law that defines the powers and scope of the Federal Intelligence Service (FIS), the country's intelligence agency. It was adopted on 25 September 2015 by the Federal Assembly and came into force on 1 September 2017. It replaces the Federal Act on Civilian Intelligence from 2008. History In 2009, the Federal Council ordered the implementation of the IntelSa project. In March 2013, the Federal Council launched a consultation on this project, which was confirmed in its broad outlines during the procedure. On February 19, 2014, the Federal Council approved the draft law and the message to the Parliament. On September 25, 2015, the National Council approved the law by 145 votes to 41 with 8 abstentions and the Council of States by 35 votes to 5 and 3 abstentions. The law was challenged in a referendum but was approved by the population on 25 September 2016 with 65.5% of votes. The law came into force on 1 September 20 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Federal Assembly Of Switzerland
Federal or foederal (archaic) may refer to: Politics General *Federal monarchy, a federation of monarchies *Federation, or ''Federal state'' (federal system), a type of government characterized by both a central (federal) government and states or regional governments that are partially self-governing; a union of states * Federal republic, a federation which is a republic *Federalism, a political philosophy * Federalist, a political belief or member of a political grouping * Federalization, implementation of federalism Particular governments *Government of Argentina * Government of Australia * Federal government of Brazil *Government of Canada * Cabinet of Germany * Federal government of Iraq *Government of India * Federal government of Mexico * Federal government of Nigeria *Government of Pakistan * Government of the Philippines *Government of Russia * Government of South Africa *Federal government of the United States **United States federal law **United States federal courts *Fe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Systematic Compilation Of Federal Legislation
The Systematic Compilation of Federal Legislation (SR) (, SR; , RS; , RS) is the official compilation of all Law of Switzerland, Swiss federal laws, ordinances, international and intercantonal treaties that are in force. It is structured by topic, and comprises the constitutions (federal and cantonal), Federal act (Switzerland), federal laws, Ordinance in swiss law, ordinances, select federal decrees and important cantonal texts. The first version was published in paper form in 1948, in response to the need for legal clarity after World War II. Today, it is available in paper form (in red binders with removable leaves), as well as electronically (available on the Internet). It is published by the Federal Chancellery of Switzerland, Federal Chancellery in Languages of Switzerland, Switzerland's three official languages (German language, German, French language, French and Italian language, Italian), with only a few texts in Romansh language, Romansh and English language, English. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Switzerland
Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located in west-central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. Switzerland is geographically divided among the Swiss Plateau, the Swiss Alps, Alps and the Jura Mountains, Jura; the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory, whereas most of the country's Demographics of Switzerland, 9 million people are concentrated on the plateau, which hosts List of cities in Switzerland, its largest cities and economic centres, including Zurich, Geneva, and Lausanne. Switzerland is a federal republic composed of Cantons of Switzerland, 26 cantons, with federal authorities based in Bern. It has four main linguistic and cultural regions: German, French, Italian and Romansh language, Romansh. Although most Swiss are German-speaking, national identity is fairly cohesive, being rooted in a common historical background, shared ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Swiss Federal Law
In Switzerland, a federal act; ; is a legislative law adopted at the level of the Confederation. By default, its duration of application is unlimited. It takes precedence over cantonal and communal law (derogatory force). Definition The Federal Constitution defines a federal law as follows: The ParlA uses this definition in the same terms."The Federal Assembly shall enact in the form of a federal law all important provisions that lay down rules of law", Art. 22, para. 1, ParlA. Rule of law A "rule of law" exists when an adopted provision (cumulatively): * is of a general nature, i.e. the provision is addressed to an indeterminate number of persons or target subjects; * is abstract in nature, i.e. the provision can be interpreted for any number of situations; * has direct application; * creates an obligation, confers a right or assigns powers. Important provisions Determining the importance of the provision is the product of a political assessment. However, the Federal C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Federal Intelligence Service (Switzerland)
The Swiss intelligence community is a group of agencies with responsibilities to protect the interests and infrastructure of Switzerland. The Federal Intelligence Service (FIS), the country's main intelligence agency, is governed by the Intelligence Service Act. History The first federal military secret service was established in 1937-1939 as Büro Ha by Hans Hausamann a few years before the outbreak of the Second World War. Up to that point, the responsibility for intelligence gathering was left to the police. Cold War Intelligence Not much is known about the Swiss intelligence agencies; however, case files from the Swiss Federal Police have been recently uncovered showing information regarding Swiss intelligence dealing with the People's Republic of China. During this time period of approximately 1960-1980 Switzerland's main goal regarding intelligence was the threat of communism within the country. What was found in the case files, and one way they would combat co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Federal Assembly (Switzerland)
The Federal Assembly, also known as the Swiss Parliament, is the federal bicameral parliament of Switzerland. It comprises the 200-seat National Council and the 46-seat Council of States. It meets in Bern in the Federal Palace. The houses have identical powers. Members of both houses represent the cantons, but, whereas seats in the National Council are distributed in proportion to population, each canton has two seats in the Council of States, except the six ' half-cantons', which have one seat each. Both are elected in full once every four years, with the last election being held in 2023. The Federal Assembly possesses the federal government's legislative power, along with the separate constitutional right of citizen's initiative. For a law to pass, it must be passed by both houses. The two houses may come together as a United Federal Assembly in certain circumstances, such as to elect the Federal Council (the head of government and state), the Federal Chancellor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Federal Council (Switzerland)
The Federal Council is the federal Cabinet (government), cabinet of the Switzerland, Swiss Confederation. Its seven members also serve as the collective head of state and Head of government, government of Switzerland. Since World War II, the Federal Council is by convention a permanent grand coalition government composed of representatives of the List of political parties in Switzerland, country's major parties and Languages of Switzerland, language regions. While the entire Federal Council is responsible for leading the federal administration of Switzerland, each Councillor heads one of the seven federal executive departments. The president of the Swiss Confederation chairs the council, but exercises no particular authority; rather, the position is one of a Primus inter pares, first among equals and rotates among the seven Councillors annually. The Swiss Federal Council election, Federal Council is elected as a body by the 246 members of the Federal Assembly (Switzerland), Fe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Swiss Intelligence Agencies
The Swiss intelligence community is a group of agencies with responsibilities to protect the interests and infrastructure of Switzerland. The Federal Intelligence Service (FIS), the country's main intelligence agency, is governed by the Intelligence Service Act. History The first federal military secret service was established in 1937-1939 as Büro Ha by Hans Hausamann a few years before the outbreak of the Second World War. Up to that point, the responsibility for intelligence gathering was left to the police. Cold War Intelligence Not much is known about the Swiss intelligence agencies; however, case files from the Swiss Federal Police have been recently uncovered showing information regarding Swiss intelligence dealing with the People's Republic of China. During this time period of approximately 1960-1980 Switzerland's main goal regarding intelligence was the threat of communism within the country. What was found in the case files, and one way they would combat co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Law Of Switzerland
Swiss law is a set of rules which constitutes the law in Switzerland. Structure and Sources There is a hierarchy of political levels which reflects the legal and constitutional character of Switzerland. The Federal law (, , ) consist of the following parts: * International law, * Internal law, According to the current Federal Constitution (SR 101 Art. 1, 3) and the principle of subsidiarity (Switzerland) (SR 101 Art. 5a) and the ''Title 3 Confederation, Cantons and Communes'' (SR 101), the Cantons of Switzerland "''are sovereign except to the extent that their sovereignty is limited by the Federal Constitution. They exercise all rights that are not vested in the Confederation''" and "''the principle of subsidiarity must be observed in the allocation and performance of state tasks''". The Internal law (, , , ) consists of the following parts: #State - People - Authorities (SR 1) #Private law - Administration of civil justice - Enforcement (SR 2) #Criminal law - Administra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
