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Institute For Industrial Reconstruction
The Istituto per la Ricostruzione Industriale (IRI; English: "Institute for Industrial Reconstruction") was an Italian public holding company established in 1933 by the Fascist regime to rescue, restructure and finance banks and private companies that went bankrupt during the Great Depression. After the Second World War, IRI played a pivotal role in the Italian economic miracle of the 1950s and 1960s. It was dissolved in 2002. History In 1930, the Great Depression affected the Italian financial sector, seriously disrupting credit lines and making it difficult for companies to obtain loans. The Fascist regime led by Benito Mussolini, fearing a credit crunch with subsequent mass dismissals and a wave of social unrest, started to take over the banks' stakes in large industrial companies (such as steel, weapons and chemicals). At the same time, Mussolini tried to inject capital into failing businesses (Though restructured later). Although initially conceived as a temporary measure, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
State-owned Company
A state-owned enterprise (SOE) is a business entity created or owned by a national or local government, either through an executive order or legislation. SOEs aim to generate profit for the government, prevent private sector monopolies, provide goods at lower prices, implement government policies, or serve remote areas where private businesses are scarce. The government typically holds full or majority ownership and oversees operations. SOEs have a distinct legal structure, with financial and developmental goals, like making services more accessible while earning profit (such as a state railway). They can be considered as government-affiliated entities designed to meet commercial and state capitalist objectives. Terminology The terminology around the term state-owned enterprise is murky. All three words in the term are challenged and subject to interpretation. First, it is debatable what the term "state" implies (e.g., it is unclear whether municipally owned corporations and ent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fintecna
Fintecna, is an Italian state-owned financial management company which specialises in the valorisation and divestment by privatization Privatization (rendered privatisation in British English) can mean several different things, most commonly referring to moving something from the public sector into the private sector. It is also sometimes used as a synonym for deregulation w ... of real estate. The company is fully controlled by the Ministry of the Economy and Finance.Bela Galgoczi, Maarten Keune, Andrew Watt - ''Jobs on the Move: An Analytical Approach to Relocation'' 9052014485 2008 "That area belongs to Fintecna, a financial management company which specialises in the valorisation and divestment of real estate; Fintecna is fully controlled by the Ministry of the Economy and Finance" References Financial services companies established in 1993 {{Italy-company-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fincantieri
Fincantieri S.p.A. () is an Italian shipbuilding company based in Trieste, Italy. Already the largest shipbuilder in Europe, after the acquisition of Vard in 2013, Fincantieri group doubled in size to become the fourth largest in the world (2014). The company builds both commercial and military vessels. The company is listed on the Borsa Italiana (Milan Stock Exchange) and is a component of FTSE Italia Mid Cap Index. Overview Fincantieri designs and builds merchant vessels, passenger ships, offshore, and naval vessels, and is also active in the conversion and ship repair sectors. The company also owned Grandi Motori Trieste, which constructed marine diesel engines, but this was sold to Wärtsilä in 1999. Founded in 1959 as Società Finanziaria Cantieri Navali – Fincantieri S.p.A. as a State financial holding company, part of Istituto per la Ricostruzione Industriale, IRI, the company became a separate entity in 1984. Fincantieri employs a staff of about 10,000 workers at e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Credito Italiano
''Credito Italiano'', often referred to by the shorthand Credit, was a significant Italian bank based in Milan. It was established in 1895, succeeding the ''Banca di Genova'' established in 1870 in Genoa. In 1998 it merged with Unicredito to form Unicredito Italiano, later known as UniCredit. Soon afterwards, UniCredit created a new subsidiary of the same name to run the retail network of Credito Italiano. On 1 July 2002, that subsidiary received the assets of sister banks to become UniCredit Banca. Bank of Genoa and establishment of Credito Italiano The was founded on 28 April 1870, with an initial capital of 3 million Italian lira, lire. Its shareholders included local nobility (Pallavicini family, Pallavicino and Balbi), bankers (Quartara, Polleri) and merchants (Lagorio, Dodero, Bacigalupo). In 1872, it opened the first trans-Atlantic banking business with Buenos Aires. In 1895, in the aftermath of a major financial crisis in Italy, the Bank of Genoa was reorganized with s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banco Di Roma
Banco di Roma was an Italian bank based in Rome, established on 9 March 1880. In the early 20th century, it was one of Italy's four dominant universal banks, together with Banca Commerciale Italiana, Credito Italiano, and Società Bancaria Italiana. It developed a significant network throughout the Eastern Mediterranean and Italian Africa. In 1992 it eventually merged with the Banco di Santo Spirito and altered its name to Banca di Roma, later part of UniCredit. Overview Banco di Roma opened branches in Alexandria in 1905, Cairo and Malta in 1906, Tripoli and Benghazi in 1907, and Constantinople in 1911. It expanded further in the Middle East, in Jerusalem before the end of World War I then in 1919 in Istanbul, Smyrna, Beirut, Aleppo, Tripoli, İskenderun, Mersin, Adana, Jaffa, and Haifa. In 1920, it formed a new affiliate, , which took over the operations in Egypt, Palestine, Lebanon and Syria. In 1924, the Egyptian business was spun off as , in which the Banca Nazionale ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banca Commerciale Italiana
Banca Commerciale Italiana (BCI, colloquially known as Comit), founded in 1894, was a major Italian bank based in Milan. In 1999, it merged with the group recently formed by the combination of Cassa di Risparmio delle Provincie Lombarde and Banco Ambroveneto to form IntesaBCI, in which BCI temporarily became a sub-holding company. On 1 January 2003, the group's name changed to Banca Intesa, later Intesa Sanpaolo. History BCI's predecessor was the Credito Mobiliare, founded in 1862. On 10 October 1894, BCI was re-established as a private joint-stock bank with capital contributed by banks from Germany (78 percent), Austria (13 percent), and Switzerland (9 percent). These included Creditanstalt, Deutsche Bank, Darmstädter Bank, Berliner Handels-Gesellschaft, Disconto-Gesellschaft, and S. Bleichröder, with stakes from 10 to 13 percent each, whereas the other participating German and Swiss banks had individual stakes in the low single digits. The Germanic dominance didn’t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Autostrade Per L'Italia
Autostrade per l'Italia S.p.A. (formerly Autostrade S.p.A.) is an Italian joint-stock company specializing in the management of motorway sections under concession and related maintenance activities. Originally established as a state-owned enterprise under the control of the IRI, it was privatized Privatization (rendered privatisation in British English) can mean several different things, most commonly referring to moving something from the public sector into the private sector. It is also sometimes used as a synonym for deregulation w ... in 1999 and restructured into its current form in 2003. Until 2021, the company was part of the Atlantia group, which owned 88.06% of its share capital, with the Benetton family as the main shareholder. Following the collapse of the Ponte Morandi in Genoa in August 2018, which resulted in the deaths of 43 people, the Italian government sought to assume control over the national highway network. In September 2020, a preliminary agr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atlantia (company)
Mundys (; formerly Atlantia ) is an Italian holding company active in the motorway and airport infrastructure and mobility-related services industry, operating tolling services in 24 countries, including 11 for motorway and airport infrastructure concessions (France, Italy, Poland, United Kingdom and Spain in Europe and worldwide in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, India and Puerto Rico). The group manages of toll motorways, Fiumicino and Ciampino airports in Italy and the three airstrips of Nice, Cannes-Mandelieu and Saint Tropez in France with more than 60 million passengers a year. It was listed on the Borsa Italiana until December 2022. The main shareholders are: Edizione (a company of the Benetton family), Blackstone and the CRT Foundation. Atlantia changed its name to Mundys S.p.A. on 15 March 2023. History 1950–2000: Foundation and consolidation Founded in 1950 as Autostrade, when the company Concessioni e Autostrade S.p.A. was created, it aimed to giv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alitalia
Alitalia - Società Aerea Italiana S.p.A., operating as Alitalia (), was an Italian airline which was once the flag carrier and largest airline of Italy. The company had its head office in Fiumicino, in the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital. The airline was owned by the Government of Italy as a Nationalization, nationalized business from its founding in 1946 until it was Privatization, privatized in 2009. However, it struggled with profitability whilst operating as a private company, including failed negotiations to sell to other private parties. The airline entered extraordinary Administration (law), administration in 2017 following many years of financial losses. The Italian government eventually took back ownership of the airline in March 2020. The airline operated a fleet of Airbus A319-100, Airbus A320-200, Airbus A321-100, Airbus A330-200, and Boeing 777-200ER aircraft to over 34 scheduled domestic, European and intercontinental destinations. The airline operated from it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alfa Romeo
Alfa Romeo Automobiles S.p.A. () is an Italian carmaker known for its sports-oriented vehicles, strong auto racing heritage, and iconic design. Headquartered in Turin, Italy, it is a subsidiary of Stellantis Europe and one of 14 brands of multinational automotive company Stellantis. Founded on 24 June 1910 in Milan, Italy as A.L.F.A.—an acronym for ''Anonima Lombarda Fabbrica Automobili''—the company was established by Cavaliere Ugo Stella to acquire the assets of the ailing Italian subsidiary of French carmaker Darracq, of which he had been an investor and manager. Its first car was the 24 HP, designed by Giuseppe Merosi, which became commercially successful and participated in the 1911 Targa Florio endurance race. In August 1915, ALFA was acquired by Neapolitan entrepreneur and engineer Nicola Romeo, who vastly expanded the company's portfolio to include heavy machinery and aircraft engines. In 1920, the company's name was changed to Alfa Romeo, with the Torpedo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
