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Inocybe
''Inocybe'' is a genus of mushroom-forming fungi, with over 1,000 species. Its members are mycorrhizal, and some evidence shows that the high degree of speciation is due to adaptation to different trees and possibly also local habitats. Taxonomy The genus was first described as ''Agaricus'' tribe ''Inocybe'' by Swedish scholar Elias Magnus Fries in volume 1 of his work, ''Systema mycologicum'' (1821), and verified in the volume 2 of his book ''Monographia Hymenomycetum Sueciae'' in 1863. All other renaming attempts are accepted synonymous. Although originally placed in the family Cortinariaceae (later shown to be polyphyletic), phylogenetic analyses suggests that the genus is better placed as the type genus of the family Inocybaceae. Sections or subgenera Source: Two supersections are informally recognized: ''Cortinate'' supersection: The stipe is only pruinose at the apex or the upper half. The stipe base is (generally) not bulbous and a remnant of a cortina is present in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inocybe Dulcamara
''Inocybe'' is a genus of mushroom-forming fungi, with over 1,000 species. Its members are mycorrhizal, and some evidence shows that the high degree of speciation is due to adaptation to different trees and possibly also local habitats. Taxonomy The genus was first described as ''Agaricus'' tribe ''Inocybe'' by Swedish scholar Elias Magnus Fries in volume 1 of his work, '' Systema mycologicum'' (1821), and verified in the volume 2 of his book ''Monographia Hymenomycetum Sueciae'' in 1863. All other renaming attempts are accepted synonymous. Although originally placed in the family Cortinariaceae (later shown to be polyphyletic), phylogenetic analyses suggests that the genus is better placed as the type genus of the family Inocybaceae. Sections or subgenera Source: Two supersections are informally recognized: ''Cortinate'' supersection: The stipe is only pruinose at the apex or the upper half. The stipe base is (generally) not bulbous and a remnant of a cortina is present ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inocybaceae
The Inocybaceae are a family of fungi in the order Agaricales, the largest order of mushroom-forming fungi. It is one of the larger families within Agaricales (gilled mushrooms). This family exhibits an ectomycorrhizal ecology. Members of this family have a widespread distribution in tropical and temperate areas. Taxonomy The type genus of the Inocybaceae, '' Inocybe'', was originally described by Fries in 1821, as a 'tribe' within a broad mushroom genus, '' Agaricus''. In 1863, Fries elevated ''Inocybe'' to generic rank. ''Inocybe'', had traditionally been placed within the family Cortinariaceae. Despite this, Dutch taxonomist Walter Jülich placed the genus in its own family, the Inocybaceae. Later, the Cortinariaceae were shown to be polyphyletic. Additionally, phylogenetic In biology, phylogenetics () is the study of the evolutionary history of life using observable characteristics of organisms (or genes), which is known as phylogenetic inference. It infers the rel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inosperma
''Inosperma'' is a genus of gilled mushroom in the family Inocybaceae. Previously defined as a subgenus within the large genus ''Inocybe'' by Robert Kühner in 1980, these fungi were found to be more distantly related in a 2019 multigene phylogenetic study by Matheny and colleagues. Description This group of mushrooms was distinguished morphologically from other ''Inocybes'' by the absence of pleurocystidia and the shape of the spores. Also the stem is usually longer than the cap is wide and the cheilocystidia consist each of a single cell and are often so numerous that they make the gill edge white. ''Inosperma'' is divided into two sections: ''Cervicolores'' (with a scaly cap) and ''Rimosae'' (with a radially fibrose or radially cracking ("rimose") cap). The former includes ''I. bongardii'' and ''I. calamistratum'' whilst the latter takes in ''I. cookei'', ''I. erubescens'', ''I. maculatum'' and ''I. rimosum''. Species , Index Fungorum lists the following species in ''Inos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inocybe Bongardii
''Inosperma bongardii'' is an agaric fungus in the family Inocybaceae. It was originally described as a species of ''Agaricus'' by German botanist Johann Anton Weinmann in 1836. Lucien Quélet transferred it to the genus ''Inocybe'' in 1872. A 2019 multigene phylogenetic study by Matheny and colleagues found that ''I. bongardii'' and its relatives in the subgenus ''Inosperma'' were only distantly related to the other members of the genus ''Inocybe''. ''Inosperma'' was raised to genus rank and the species became ''Inosperma bongardii''. It is a common species with a widespread distribution. Fruit bodies grow on the ground, often in clay soils, and typically with broadleaf trees. The fruit bodies are suspected to be toxic, as they contain muscarine Muscarine, L-(+)-muscarine, or muscarin is a Secondary metabolite, natural product found in certain mushrooms, particularly in ''Inocybe'' and ''Clitocybe'' species, such as the deadly ''Clitocybe dealbata, C. dealbata''. Mush ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cystidium
A cystidium (: cystidia) is a relatively large cell found on the sporocarp of a basidiomycete (for example, on the surface of a mushroom A mushroom or toadstool is the fleshy, spore-bearing Sporocarp (fungi), fruiting body of a fungus, typically produced above ground on soil or another food source. ''Toadstool'' generally refers to a poisonous mushroom. The standard for the n ... gill), often between clusters of basidia. Since cystidia have highly varied and distinct shapes that are often unique to a particular species or genus, they are a useful micromorphological characteristic in the identification of basidiomycetes. In general, the adaptive significance of cystidia is not well understood. Classification By position Cystidia may occur on the edge of a lamella (or analogous hymenophoral structure) (cheilocystidia), on the face of a lamella (pleurocystidia), on the surface of the cap (dermatocystidia or pileocystidia), on the margin of the cap (circumcystidia) or o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pleurocystidia
A cystidium (: cystidia) is a relatively large cell found on the sporocarp of a basidiomycete (for example, on the surface of a mushroom gill), often between clusters of basidia. Since cystidia have highly varied and distinct shapes that are often unique to a particular species or genus, they are a useful micromorphological characteristic in the identification of basidiomycetes. In general, the adaptive significance of cystidia is not well understood. Classification By position Cystidia may occur on the edge of a lamella (or analogous hymenophoral structure) (cheilocystidia), on the face of a lamella (pleurocystidia), on the surface of the cap (dermatocystidia or pileocystidia), on the margin of the cap (circumcystidia) or on the stipe (caulocystidia). Especially the pleurocystidia and cheilocystidia are important for identification within many genera. Sometimes the cheilocystidia give the gill edge a distinct colour which is visible to the naked eye or with a hand lens. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rimose
''Rimose'' is an adjective used to describe a surface that is cracked or fissured.Lichen Glossary, Australian Botanic Garden The term is often used in describing crustose lichen, crustose lichens. A rimose surface of a lichen is sometimes contrasted to the surface being areolate lichen, areolate. Areolate is an extreme form of being rimose, where the cracks or fissures are so deep that they create island-like pieces called areoles, which look the "islands" of mud on the surface of a dry lake bed. Rimose and areolate are contrasted with being verrucose, or "warty". Verrucose surfaces have warty bumps which are distinct, but not separated by cracks. In mycology the term describes mushrooms whose c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Auritella
''Auritella'' is a genus of fungi in the family Inocybaceae. The genus contains seven species found in temperate Australia and tropical Africa. The genus was circumscribed in a 2006 publication by Brandon Matheny and Neil Bougher. The original publication, however, was later discovered to be invalid because they were unintentionally described as provisional names (''nom. prov.'') instead of new names (''sp. nov.''). The authors properly published the genus later that year. In a 2019 molecular study, Matheny and colleagues used six genes to determine relationships within the family. They recovered ''Auritella'' as the sister to a lineage that gave rise to what was ''Inocybe'' subgenus ''Mallocybe'' (now '' Mallocybe'') and ''Tubariomyces'', while ''Inosperma ''Inosperma'' is a genus of gilled mushroom in the family Inocybaceae. Previously defined as a subgenus within the large genus ''Inocybe'' by Robert Kühner in 1980, these fungi were found to be more distantly related in a 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tubariomyces
''Tubariomyces'' is a genus of fungi in the family Inocybaceae The Inocybaceae are a family of fungi in the order Agaricales, the largest order of mushroom-forming fungi. It is one of the larger families within Agaricales (gilled mushrooms). This family exhibits an ectomycorrhizal ecology. Members of this .... The genus, circumscribed in 2010, contain two species known from Mediterranean Europe and possibly northern Africa. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q7850719 Inocybaceae Agaricales genera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Subdecurrent Gills
In mycology, a lamella (: lamellae), or gill, is a papery hymenophore rib under the cap of some mushroom species, most often agarics. The gills are used by the mushrooms as a means of Fungi#Spore dispersal, spore dispersal, and are important for Mushroom hunting#Identifying mushrooms, species identification. The attachment of the gills to the stipe (mycology), stem is classified based on the shape of the gills when viewed from the side, while color, crowding and the shape of individual gills can also be important features. Additionally, gills can have distinctive microscopic or macroscopic features. For instance, ''Lactarius (fungus), Lactarius'' species typically seep latex from their gills. It was originally believed that all gilled fungi were Agaricales, but as fungi were studied in more detail, some gilled species were demonstrated not to be. It is now clear that this is a case of convergent evolution (i.e. gill-like structures evolved separately) rather than being an anatom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adnate Gills
In mycology, a lamella (: lamellae), or gill, is a papery hymenophore rib under the cap of some mushroom species, most often agarics. The gills are used by the mushrooms as a means of spore dispersal, and are important for species identification. The attachment of the gills to the stem is classified based on the shape of the gills when viewed from the side, while color, crowding and the shape of individual gills can also be important features. Additionally, gills can have distinctive microscopic or macroscopic features. For instance, ''Lactarius'' species typically seep latex from their gills. It was originally believed that all gilled fungi were Agaricales, but as fungi were studied in more detail, some gilled species were demonstrated not to be. It is now clear that this is a case of convergent evolution (i.e. gill-like structures evolved separately) rather than being an anatomic feature that evolved only once. The apparent reason that various basidiomycetes have evolv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
