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Infrastructure Bond
Infrastructure bond is a type of Bond (finance), bond issued either by private corporations or by state-owned enterprises to finance the construction of an infrastructure facilities such as highways, ports, railways, airport terminals, bridges, tunnels, pipelines, etc. These bonds may be nominated both in local and in more stable foreign currencies, such as U.S. dollars or euros. Infrastructure bonds are popular in developing economies where there is a strong demand for infrastructure. Operation As a rule, the issuer of such securities, after the construction of an infrastructure facility is completed, receives it on a Concession (contract), concession for some time (most often several decades) and collects the payments from the facility users (for example, a toll road). Quite often, the state (or several states), on the territory of which this object is being built, provides guarantees for the issued bonds, which makes them attractive to a larger number of market participants, as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bond (finance)
In finance, a bond is a type of Security (finance), security under which the issuer (debtor) owes the holder (creditor) a debt, and is obliged – depending on the terms – to provide cash flow to the creditor (e.g. repay the principal (i.e. amount borrowed) of the bond at the Maturity (finance), maturity date and interest (called the coupon (bond), coupon) over a specified amount of time.) The timing and the amount of cash flow provided varies, depending on the economic value that is emphasized upon, thus giving rise to different types of bonds. The interest is usually payable at fixed intervals: semiannual, annual, and less often at other periods. Thus, a bond is a form of loan or IOU. Bonds provide the borrower with external funds to finance long-term investments or, in the case of government bonds, to finance current expenditure. Bonds and Share capital, stocks are both Security (finance), securities, but the major difference between the two is that (capital) stockholders h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IFCI Ltd
IFCI, previously Industrial Finance Corporation of India, is a development finance institution under the ownership of Ministry of Finance, Government of India. Established in 1948 as a statutory corporation, IFCI is currently a company listed on BSE and NSE. IFCI has seven subsidiaries and one associate. The company has played a pivotal role in setting up various market intermediaries of repute in several niche areas like stock exchanges, entrepreneurship development organisations, consultancy organisations, educational and skill development institutes across the length and breadth of the country. The Government of India has placed a Venture Capital Fund of Rs. 200 crore for Scheduled Castes (SC) with IFCI with an aim to promote entrepreneurship among the Scheduled Castes (SC) and to provide concessional finance. IFCI has also committed a contribution of Rs.50 crore as lead investor and Sponsor of the Fund. IFCI Venture Capital Funds Ltd., a subsidiary of IFCI Ltd., is the In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bonds (finance)
Bond or bonds may refer to: Common meanings * Bond (finance), a type of debt security * Bail bond, a commercial third-party guarantor of surety bonds in the United States * Fidelity bond, a type of insurance policy for employers * Chemical bond, the attraction of atoms, ions or molecules to form chemical compounds * Emotional bond, an emotional attachment between one or more individuals. People * Bond (surname) * Bonds (surname) * Mr. Bond (musician), Austrian rapper Arts and entertainment * James Bond, a series of works about the eponymous fictional character * James Bond (literary character), a British secret agent in a series of novels and films * Bond (string quartet), an Australian/British string quartet ** '' Bond: Video Clip Collection'', a video collection from the band * Bond (Canadian band), a Canadian rock band in the 1970s * ''The Bond'' (2007 book), an American autobiography written by The Three Doctors * '' The Bond'', a 1918 film by Charlie Chaplin support ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Public–private Partnership
A public–private partnership (PPP, 3P, or P3) is a long-term arrangement between a government and private sectors, private sector institutions.Hodge, G. A and Greve, C. (2007), Public–Private Partnerships: An International Performance Review, Public Administration Review, 2007, Vol. 67(3), pp. 545–558 Typically, it involves private capital financing government projects and services up-front, and then drawing revenues from taxpayers and/or users for profit over the course of the PPP contract. Public–private partnerships have been implemented in Public–private partnerships by country, multiple countries and are primarily used for infrastructure projects. Although they are not compulsory, PPPs have been employed for building, equipping, operating and maintaining schools, hospitals, transport systems, and water and sewerage systems. Cooperation between private actors, corporations and governments has existed since the inception of sovereign states, notably for the purpose ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Infrastructure And Economics
Infrastructure (also known as "capital goods", or "fixed capital") is a platform for governance, commerce, and economic growth and is "a lifeline for modern societies".Esmaeili, Behzad, et al. "Inclusion of an Introduction to Infrastructure Course in a Civil and Environmental Engineering Curriculum." Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice (2016): 04016020 It is the hallmark of economic development.Goldsmith, H. (2015). Actors and innovations in the evolution of infrastructure services. The Economics of Infrastructure Provisioning, 23-94. It has been characterized as the mechanism that delivers the "..fundamental needs of society: food, water, energy, shelter, governance ... without infrastructure, societies disintegrate and people die."Hart, Steven D., et al. "Infrastructure and the Operational Art:A Handbook for Understanding, Visualizing, and Describing Infrastructure Systems" US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, (2014) Adam Smith argu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Infrastructure-based Development
Infrastructure-based economic development, also called infrastructure-driven development, combines key policy characteristics inherited from the Franklin D. Roosevelt, Rooseveltian Progressivism in the United States, progressive tradition and neo-Keynesian economics in the United States, France's Gaullist and neo-Colbertism, Colbertist indicative planning, Nordic model, Scandinavian social democracy as well as Singaporean and People's Republic of China, Chinese state capitalism: it holds that a substantial proportion of a nation’s resources must be systematically directed towards long term assets such as transportation, energy and social infrastructure (schools, universities, hospitals) in the name of long term economic efficiency (stimulating growth in economically lagging regions and fostering technological innovation) and social equity (providing free education and affordable healthcare). While the benefits of infrastructure-based development can be debated, the analysis of U ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Build–operate–transfer
Build–operate–transfer (BOT) or build–own–operate–transfer (BOOT) is a form of project delivery method, usually for large-scale infrastructure projects, wherein a private entity receives a concession (contract), concession from the public sector (or the private sector on rare occasions) to finance, design, construct, own, and operate a facility stated in the concession contract. The private entity will have the right to operate it for a set period of time. This enables the project proponent to recover its investment and operating and maintenance expenses in the project. BOT is usually a model used in public–private partnerships. Due to the long-term nature of the arrangement, the fees are usually raised during the concession period. The rate of increase is often tied to a combination of internal and external variables, allowing the proponent to reach a satisfactory internal rate of return for its investment. Countries where BOT is prevalent include Thailand, Turkey, Tai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Financial Express (India)
''The Financial Express'' is an Indian English-language business newspaper owned by Indian Express Limited, The Indian Express Group. It has been published by the Indian Express group since 1961. The ''Financial Express'' specialises in Indian and international business and financial news. Its editor is Shyamal Majumdar. The paper publishes 11 editions from a number of Indian cities. It also gives out two noteworthy awards - FE India's Best Bank Awards and FE-EVI Green Business Leadership Awards. References External links * ''Financial Express'' ePaper(E-Paper – Digital Replica of the newspaper) ''Financial Express Hindi'' website Business newspapers published in India Indian Express Limited Newspapers published in Kolkata English-language newspapers published in India Mass media companies based in Delhi Companies based in New Delhi Newspapers established in 1961 1961 establishments in Uttar Pradesh {{India-newspaper-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Institutional Investors
An institutional investor is an entity that pools money to purchase security (finance), securities, real property, and other investment assets or originate loans. Institutional investors include commercial banks, central banks, credit unions, state-owned enterprise, government-linked companies, Insurance, insurers, pension funds, sovereign wealth funds, charitable organization, charities, hedge funds, real estate investment trusts, registered investment adviser, investment advisors, financial endowment, endowments, and mutual funds. Operating companies which invest excess capital in these types of assets may also be included in the term. Activist shareholder, Activist institutional investors may also influence corporate governance by exercising voting rights in their investments. In 2019, the world's top 500 asset managers collectively managed $104.4 trillion in Assets under management, Assets under Management (AuM). Institutional investors appear to be more sophisticated than ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
State-owned Enterprise
A state-owned enterprise (SOE) is a business entity created or owned by a national or local government, either through an executive order or legislation. SOEs aim to generate profit for the government, prevent private sector monopolies, provide goods at lower prices, implement government policies, or serve remote areas where private businesses are scarce. The government typically holds full or majority ownership and oversees operations. SOEs have a distinct legal structure, with financial and developmental goals, like making services more accessible while earning profit (such as a state railway). They can be considered as government-affiliated entities designed to meet commercial and state capitalist objectives. Terminology The terminology around the term state-owned enterprise is murky. All three words in the term are challenged and subject to interpretation. First, it is debatable what the term "state" implies (e.g., it is unclear whether municipally owned corporations and ente ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toll Road
A toll road, also known as a turnpike or tollway, is a public or private road for which a fee (or ''Toll (fee), toll'') is assessed for passage. It is a form of road pricing typically implemented to help recoup the costs of road construction and Road maintenance, maintenance. Toll roads have existed in some form since Classical antiquity, antiquity, with tolls levied on passing travelers on foot, wagon, or horseback; a practice that continued with the automobile, and many modern tollways charge fees for motor vehicles exclusively. The amount of the toll usually varies by vehicle type, weight, or number of axles, with freight trucks often charged higher rates than cars. Tolls are often collected at toll plazas, toll booths, toll houses, toll stations, toll bars, toll barriers, or toll gates. Some toll collection points are automatic, and the user deposits money in a machine which opens the gate once the correct toll has been paid. To cut costs and minimise time delay, many tolls ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Concession (contract)
A concession or concession agreement is a grant of rights, land, property, or facility by a government, local authority, corporation, individual or other legal entity. Public services such as water supply may be operated as a concession. In the case of a public service concession, a private company enters into an agreement with the government to have the exclusive right to operate, maintain and carry out investment in a public utility (such as a water privatisation) for a given number of years. Other forms of contracts between public and private entities, namely lease contract and management contract (in the water sector often called by the French term ''affermage''), are closely related but differ from a concession in the rights of the operator and its remuneration. A lease gives a company the right to operate and maintain a public utility, but investment remains the responsibility of the public. Under a management contract the operator will collect the revenue only on behalf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
