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Indigenous Movements In The Americas
Indigenous people under the nation-state have experienced exclusion and dispossession. With the rise in globalization, material advantages for indigenous populations have diminished. At times, national governments have negotiated natural resources without taking into account whether or not these resources exist on indigenous lands. In this sense for many indigenous populations, the effects of globalization mirror the effects of the conquest in the mid 16th century. In response, indigenous political movements have emerged in various countries in North and South America. These movements share similarities. Many seek specific rights for indigenous populations. These rights include the right to self-determination and the right to preserve their culture and heritage. Aims differ. One of the main differences is the way in which they organize themselves to meet their objectives. There have been movements in Latin America to unite indigenous populations separated by national borders. The f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Globalization
Globalization is the process of increasing interdependence and integration among the economies, markets, societies, and cultures of different countries worldwide. This is made possible by the reduction of barriers to international trade, the liberalization of capital movements, the development of transportation, and the advancement of information and communication technologies. The term ''globalization'' first appeared in the early 20th century (supplanting an earlier French term ''mondialisation''). It developed its current meaning sometime in the second half of the 20th century, and came into popular use in the 1990s to describe the unprecedented international connectivity of the Post–Cold War era, post–Cold War world. The origins of globalization can be traced back to the 18th and 19th centuries, driven by advances in transportation and communication technologies. These developments increased global interactions, fostering the growth of international trade and the exc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Congress Of Aboriginal Peoples
The Congress of Aboriginal Peoples (CAP) (formerly the Native Council of Canada and briefly the Indigenous Peoples Assembly of Canada), founded in 1971, is a national Canadian aboriginal organization that represents Aboriginal peoples ( Non-Status and Status Indians, Métis, and Southern Inuit) who live off Indian reserves in either urban or rural areas across Canada. As of 2011 more than 70% of Aboriginal people live off-reserve. Its head office is located in the capital, Ottawa, Ontario. The congress works with its affiliate organizations on issues that affect the Aboriginal peoples of Canada who live off-reserve. Affiliates of the congress have their own constitutions with some being separately funded through the Métis and Non-Status Indian Relations Directorate of the Department of Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada. The Métis and Non-Status Indian Relations Directorate works primarily with Aboriginal political organizations who represent the interests of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Congress Of American Indians
The National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) is an Indigenous peoples of the Americas, American Indian and Alaska Natives, Alaska Native Indigenous rights, rights organization. It was founded in 1944 to represent the tribes and resist U.S. federal government pressure for termination of tribal rights and assimilation of their people. These were in contradiction of their treaty rights and status as Tribal sovereignty in the United States, sovereign entities. The organization continues to be an association of federally recognized and state-recognized Indian tribes. Organization NCAI was founded in 1944 and incorporated as a 501(c)(4) nonprofit organization based in Washington, D.C., in 1962. The organizational structure of the National Congress of American Indians includes a General Assembly, an Executive Council, and seven committees. In addition to the four executive positions, the NCAI executive board also consists of 12 area vice presidents and 12 alternative area vice pre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Indian Treaty Council
The International Indian Treaty Council (IITC) is an organization of Indigenous Peoples from North, Central, South America, the Caribbean and the Pacific working for the Sovereignty and Self-Determination of Indigenous Peoples and the recognition and protection of Indigenous Rights, Treaties, Traditional Cultures and Sacred Lands. History The IITC was formed at a gathering on the land of the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe, in South Dakota, June 8–16, 1974. This gathering would later be known as the First International Indian Treaty Conference. This gathering, and the IITC which resulted from it, was called for by the American Indian Movement, and was attended by delegates from 97 Indian tribes and Nations from across North and South America. IITC held the Second International Treaty Conference on the land of the Yanktonai Dakota people in Greenwood, South Dakota in June 16–20, 1976. In 1976, Aboriginal Australian activist and poet Lionel Fogarty addressed a meeting of the IITC. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
American Indian Movement
The American Indian Movement (AIM) is an Native Americans in the United States, American Indian grassroots movement which was founded in Minneapolis, Minnesota in July 1968, initially centered in urban areas in order to address systemic issues of poverty, discrimination, and Police brutality in the United States, police brutality against American Indians. AIM soon widened its focus from urban issues to many Indigenous Tribal issues that American Indian groups have faced due to settler colonialism in the Americas. These issues have included treaty rights, high rates of unemployment, the lack of American Indian subjects in education, and the preservation of Indigenous cultures. AIM was organized by American Indian men who had been serving time together in prison. Some of the experiences that Native men in AIM shared were boarding school education, military service, and the disorienting urban experience. They had been alienated from their traditional backgrounds as a result of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Council Of The Charrúa Nation
The Council of the Charrúa Nation (, acronym CONACHA) is a non-profit organization based in Uruguay Uruguay, officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay, is a country in South America. It shares borders with Argentina to its west and southwest and Brazil to its north and northeast, while bordering the Río de la Plata to the south and the A .... It is an umbrella organization, conceived to rescue, preserve and disseminate the identity and culture of the descendants of the Charrúa native indians, as well as to contribute to the construction of the national identity and to vindicate indigenous ancestors. It comprises several groups, among others: Basquadé Inchalá, Grupo Sepé, Guyunusa, Grupo Berá, Grupo Pirí. Another organization, the Association of Descendants of the Charrúa Nation, was among the founding members, but they quit in 2015, citing irreconcilable differences. It is believed that there are approximately between 160,000 and 300,000 individuals in Uruguay, Ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Association Of Descendants Of The Charrúa Nation
The Association of Descendants of the Charrúa Nation (, acronym ADENCH) is a non-profit organization based in Uruguay. They aim to rescue, preserve and disseminate the identity and culture of the descendants of the Charrúa native indians, as well as to contribute to the construction of the national identity and to vindicate indigenous ancestors. It is believed that there are approximately between 160,000 and 300,000 individuals in Uruguay, Argentina, and Brazil today who are descendants of surviving Charrúa.Alayón, Wilfredo (28 March 2011). "Uruguay and the memory of the Charrúa tribe". The Prisma. Retrieved 20 Dec 2011. In 2005, ADENCH took part in the formation of the Council of the Charrúa Nation The Council of the Charrúa Nation (, acronym CONACHA) is a non-profit organization based in Uruguay Uruguay, officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay, is a country in South America. It shares borders with Argentina to its west and south ... (CONACHA); in 2015 they dec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Popular Indigenous Council Of Oaxaca "Ricardo Flores Magón"
The Popular Indigenous Council of Oaxaca "Ricardo Flores Magón" (), also known by its acronym CIPO-RFM, is an organization drawn from rural Indigenous peoples and communities in the Mexican state of Oaxaca. The organization states that its goals (among others) are to "promote, diffuse and defend our human, territorial, economic, social, political and cultural rights, as communities and as individuals", which are to be accomplished through non-violent community-based action. Decisions within the organization are made through assemblies in which the participants work towards reaching a consensus. Their namesake and inspiration is the late early 20th century Mexican anarchist Ricardo Flores Magón, upon whose legacy and principles the organization is based. The CIPO advocates autonomous communities, ending private property, and common ownership of land. Community Organizing The CIPO-RFM has organised around twenty-six rural communities into small anarchist communities where common ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zapatista Army Of National Liberation
The Zapatista Army of National Liberation (, EZLN), often referred to as the Zapatistas (), is a far-left political and militant group that controls a substantial amount of territory in Chiapas, the southernmost state of Mexico. Since 1994, the group has been nominally at war with the Mexican state (although it may be described at this point as a frozen conflict). The EZLN used a strategy of civil resistance. The Zapatistas' main body is made up of mostly rural indigenous people, but it includes some supporters in urban areas and internationally. The EZLN's main spokesperson is Subcomandante Insurgente Galeano, previously known as Subcomandante Marcos. The group takes its name from Emiliano Zapata, the agrarian revolutionary and commander of the Liberation Army of the South during the Mexican Revolution, and sees itself as his ideological heir. EZLN's ideology has been characterized as libertarian socialist, anarchist, or Marxist, and having roots in liberation theology a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Indigenous Congress
The National Indigenous Congress (''Congreso Nacional Indígena'', CNI) is an organization of communities, nations, towns, neighbourhoods and Indigenous tribes of Mexico. In its own words, the CNI is "... a space of unity, reflection and organization of the Indigenous peoples of Mexico, promoting the integral reconstitution of the original peoples and the construction of a society in which all cultures, all the colors, all the towns that we are Mexico". Since its foundation, among several activities, five national congresses have been held. History Background On January 1, 1994, the Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN) rose up in arms after years of organization against dispossession, discrimination and being ignored. They were able to take five municipal headquarters in the states of Chiapas: Chanal, Altamirano, Las Margaritas, Ocosingo and San Cristóbal de las Casas, where it communicated the Sixth Declaration of the Lacandon Jungle that called on the people of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ECUARUNARI
ECUARUNARI (in Kichwa: ', "Movement of the indigenous people of Ecuador"), also known as Confederation of Peoples of Kichwa Nationality ('','' in Spanish ') is the organization of indigenous peoples of Kichwa nationality in the Ecuadorian central mountain region, founded in 1972. Twelve ethnic groups of the region— Natabuela, Otavalos, Karanki ''(Caranqui)'', Kayampi ''(Cayambi)'', Kitu Kara ''(Quitu)'', Panzaleo, Salasaca, Chibuleo, Puruhá, Guranga, Kañari and Saraguros—are represented politically by the Confederation. ECUARUNARI is one of three major regional groupings that constitute the Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador (CONAIE). It is also member of the Andean The Andes ( ), Andes Mountains or Andean Mountain Range (; ) are the longest continental mountain range in the world, forming a continuous highland along the western edge of South America. The range is long and wide (widest between 18°S ... indigenous organization, Coor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
