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Indian Ballistic Missile Defense Program
The Indian Ballistic Missile Defence Programme is an initiative to develop and deploy a multi-layered ballistic missile defence system to protect India from ballistic missile attacks. It was launched in 1999 after the Kargil War by the Atal Bihari Vajpayee government. Testing was carried out and continuing , and the system was expected to be operational within four years according to the head of the country's missiles development programme, Vijay Kumar Saraswat. Introduced in light of the ballistic missile threat from Pakistan and China, it is a double-tiered system consisting of two land and sea-based interceptor missiles, namely the Prithvi Air Defence (PAD) missile for High Altitude interception, and the Advanced Air Defence (AAD) Missile for lower altitude interception. The two-tiered shield should be able to intercept any incoming missile launched from 5,000 kilometres away. The system also includes an overlapping network of early warning and tracking radars, as well as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bharat BMD Phase-II (cropped)
Bharat, or Bharath, may refer to: * Bharat (term), the name for India in various Indian languages ** India, a country ** Bharata Khanda, the Sanskrit name for the Indian subcontinent ** Bharatavarsha, another Sanskrit name for the Indian subcontinent * Bharat (given name), a contemporary given name (including a list of people with the name) ** Bharath (actor) (born 1983), Indian actor in Tamil cinema * Bharat (film), ''Bharat'' (film), a 2019 Indian Hindi-language drama by Ali Abbas Zafar * Bharat Biotech, an Indian biotechnology company * Bharat Electronics, an Indian aerospace and defence company * Bharat FC, a former Indian professional football team * Bharat Petroleum, an Indian oil and gas company * Bharat stage emission standards, a set of Indian emissions standards * Barat, Bannu, also Bharat, a village in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan * Bharath University, in Chennai, India * Bharatpol, Indian crime monitoring portal under the Central Bureau of Investigation * Pakpak Bharat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
AAD Integration 2
AAD may refer to: Organizations * ''Ad Altare Dei'', a Boy Scouts of America award * Advanced Automotive Design, a South African car manufacturer * Ardent Leisure, an Australian-based leisure company * AAD Education, Health and Sports (formerly, Athletes Against Drugs), an organization founded by Stedman Graham * American Academy of Dermatology * Australian Antarctic Division, which manages Australia's four Antarctic/sub-Antarctic stations, as well as Heard Island Science and technology * Average absolute deviation, a measure of absolute deviation and a way to report error against reference data in statistics Aviation * Advanced Air defence, an anti-ballistic missile in the Indian Ballistic Missile Defence Programme * Africa Aerospace and Defence Expo, a biennial trade show in South Africa * Automatic activation device, a fail-safe device often used in a parachute pack * IATA airport code for Adado Airport in Galguduud Region, Somalia Computing * aad, or "ASCII Adjus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Senate Of Pakistan
The Senate of Pakistan, Constitution of Pakistan, constitutionally the House of the Federation, is the upper house of the bicameral Parliament of Pakistan. As of 2023, It has a maximum membership of 96, of which 92 are elected by the Member of the Provincial Assembly#Provincial Assemblies in Pakistan, provincial legislatures using single transferable vote; four represent the Islamabad Capital Territory, federal capital. Members sit for terms lasting six years, with half of the house up for election every three years. Unlike the National Assembly of Pakistan, National Assembly, the Senate is a continuing chamber and hence not subject to dissolution. First convened in 1973, the Senate's composition and powers are established by thArticle 59of the Constitution of Pakistan. Each of the four Administrative units of Pakistan, provinces is represented by 23 senators regardless of population, while the Islamabad Capital Territory is represented by four senators, all of whom serve staggere ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arsenal
An arsenal is a place where arms and ammunition are made, maintained and repaired, stored, or issued, in any combination, whether privately or publicly owned. Arsenal and armoury (British English) or armory (American English) are mostly regarded as synonyms, although subtle differences in usage exist. A sub-armory is a place of temporary storage or carrying of weapons and ammunition, such as any temporary post or patrol vehicle that is only operational in certain times of the day. Etymology The term in English entered the language in the 16th century as a loanword from , itself deriving from the term , which in turn is thought to be a corruption of , , meaning "manufacturing shop". Types A lower-class arsenal, which can furnish the materiel and equipment of a small army, may contain a laboratory, gun and carriage factories, small-arms ammunition, small-arms, harness, saddlery tent and powder factories; in addition, it must possess great storehouses. In a second-class a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shamshad Ahmad
Shamshad Ahmad () (born 10 December 1941) is a veteran Pakistani diplomat, international relations expert and an author who served in BPS-22 grade as the Foreign Secretary of Pakistan from 1997 to 2000. He also served as the Permanent Representative of Pakistan to the United Nations between 2000 till 2002. Shamshad Ahmad also was the Pakistan's ambassador to South Korea and Iran.politics: An insider's account (profile and book review of Shamshad Ahmad) Dawn (newspaper), Published 6 September 2009, Retrieved 15 March 2018 He currently writes a weekly column for English daily '' The News International'' (newspaper). Before that, he was a regular contributor to [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Foreign Secretary Of Pakistan
The Foreign Secretary of Pakistan (Urdu: ) is the Federal Secretary (Pakistan), Federal Secretary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Pakistan), Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Secretary, as in all other ministries of Government of Pakistan, is the bureaucratic head of the Ministry, who is a Grade 22, BPS-22 grade officer of the Central Superior Services of Pakistan. The current Foreign Secretary of Pakistan is Amna Baloch since September 11, 2024. Amna Baloch holds the title of being a second woman Foreign Secretary in the history of Pakistan after Tehmina Janjua. List of Foreign Secretaries See also *Cabinet Secretary of Pakistan *Establishment Secretary of Pakistan *Aviation Secretary of Pakistan *Commerce Secretary of Pakistan *Foreign relations of Pakistan *Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Pakistan) *Minister of Foreign Affairs (Pakistan) References External links Former Foreign Secretaries Government of Pakistan {{Federal Secretary Foreign secretaries of Pakista ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme
The Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP) was an Indian Ministry of Defence programme for the research and development of the comprehensive range of missiles. The programme was managed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Ordnance Factories Board in partnership with other Indian government political organisations. The project started in 1982–83 under the leadership of Abdul Kalam who oversaw its ending in 2008 after these strategic missiles were successfully developed. On 8 January 2008, the DRDO formally announced the successful rated guided missile programme was completed with its design objectives achieved since most of the missiles in the programme had been developed and inducted by the Indian Armed Forces. History By the start of the 1980s, the Defence Research and Development Laboratory (DRDL) had developed competence and expertise in the fields of propulsion, navigation and manufacture of aerospace materials based on the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pakistan And Weapons Of Mass Destruction
Pakistan is one of List of states with nuclear weapons, nine states that possess nuclear weapons, and is not party to the Nuclear Non-Profileration Treaty (NPT) and any of its provisions. As of 2025, multiple unofficial sources indicate a stockpile of 170 warheads (fission type). Pakistan maintains a doctrine of Full spectrum deterrence, minimum credible deterrence instead of a no first-use policy, promising to use "any weapon in its arsenal" to protect its interests in case of an aggressive attack. Pakistan is not widely suspected of either producing biological weapons or having an offensive biological programme. Pakistan has ratified the Geneva Protocol, the Chemical Weapons Convention, as well as the Biological Weapons Convention, Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention). History After the Partition of India in 1947, India and Pakistan have been in conflict over several issues, including the disputed territory of Jammu and Kashmir (union territory), Jammu and Kashmir. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chagai-I
Chagai-I is the code name of five simultaneous underground nuclear tests conducted by Pakistan at 15:15 hrs Pakistan Standard Time, PKT on 28 May 1998. The tests were performed at Ras Koh Hills in the Chagai District of Balochistan Province. Chagai-I was Pakistan's first public test of nuclear weapons. Its timing was a direct response to India's second nuclear test Pokhran-II, on 11 and 13 May 1998. These tests by Pakistan and India resulted in United Nations Security Council Resolution 1172 and economic sanctions on both states by a number of major powers, particularly the United States and Japan. By testing nuclear devices, Pakistan became the List of states with nuclear weapons, seventh country to publicly test nuclear weapons. Pakistan's second nuclear test, Chagai-II, followed on 30 May 1998. Background Several historical and political events and personalities in the 1960s and early 1970s led Pakistan to gradually transition to a program of nuclear weapons development, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pokhran-II
Pokhran-II (''Operation Shakti'') was a series of five nuclear weapon tests conducted by India in May 1998. The bombs were detonated at the Indian Army's Pokhran Test Range in Rajasthan. It was the second instance of nuclear testing conducted by India, after the first test, ''Smiling Buddha'', in May 1974. The test consisted of five detonations, the first of which was claimed to be a two-stage fusion bomb while the remaining four were fission bombs. The first three tests were carried out simultaneously on 11 May 1998 and the last two were detonated two days later on 13 May 1998. The tests were collectively called ''Operation Shakti'', and the five nuclear bombs were designated as ''Shakti-I'' to ''Shakti-V''. The chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission of India described each of the explosions to be equivalent to several tests carried out over the years by various nations. While announcing the tests, the Indian government declared India as a nuclear state and that the te ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Smiling Buddha
Smiling Buddha (Ministry of External Affairs (India), MEA designation: Pokhran-I) was the code name of India's first successful Nuclear weapons testing, nuclear weapon test on 18 May 1974. The nuclear fission bomb was detonated in the Pokhran#Pokhran Test Range, Pokhran Test Range of the Indian Army in Rajasthan. As per the Military Intelligence Corps (United States Army), United States military intelligence, the operation was named as ''Happy Krishna''. The Indian Ministry of External Affairs (India), Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) described the test as a peaceful nuclear explosion. The bomb was built by scientists at the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) headed by Raja Ramanna, in assistance with the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) headed by Basanti Dulal Nagchaudhuri, B. D. Nag Chaudhuri under the supervision of the Atomic Energy Commission of India, Atomic Energy Commission headed by Homi Sethna. A CIRUS reactor, CIRUS nuclear reactor given by Ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Surface-to-air Missiles
A surface-to-air missile (SAM), also known as a ground-to-air missile (GTAM) or surface-to-air guided weapon (SAGW), is a missile designed to be launched from the ground or the sea to destroy aircraft or other missiles. It is one type of anti-aircraft system; in modern armed forces, missiles have replaced most other forms of dedicated anti-aircraft weapons, with anti-aircraft guns pushed into specialized roles. The first attempt at SAM development took place during World War II, but no operational systems were introduced. Further development in the 1940s and 1950s led to operational systems being introduced by most major forces during the second half of the 1950s. Smaller systems, suitable for close-range work, evolved through the 1960s and 1970s, to modern systems that are man-portable. Shipborne systems followed the evolution of land-based models, starting with long-range weapons and steadily evolving toward smaller designs to provide a layered defence. This evolution of desi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
