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Independent Group (Turkey)
Independent Group ( tr, Müstakil Grup) was an opposition group in the Turkish parliament between 1939-1946. Backgrounds After the Turkish Republic was proclaimed in 1923 by Atatürk and members of the Republican People's Party (CHP), the CHP became the ruling party up to 1950. This was a one-party regime. During this period two times an opposition party was founded; the Progressive Republican Party (TCF) in 1924 and the Liberal Republican Party (SCF) in 1930. But in both cases the opposition party was short-lived. The group After İsmet İnönü became the president in 1938 he proposed another system for opposition. Probably this was due to İsmet İnönü's desire to take part on the side of western countries and to show democratization efforts in domestic policy. During the general congress of CHP held on 29 May 1939, party by-law was amended to form an independent group within the parliament. According to the amendment, the chairman of the group was the president. But ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkish Parliament
The Grand National Assembly of Turkey ( tr, ), usually referred to simply as the TBMM or Parliament ( tr, or ''Parlamento''), is the Unicameralism, unicameral Turkey, Turkish legislature. It is the sole body given the legislative prerogatives by the Constitution of Turkey, Turkish Constitution. It was founded in Ankara on 23 April 1920 in the midst of the Turkish War of Independence, National Campaign. This constitution had founded its pre-government known as 1st cabinet of the Executive Ministers of Turkey, 1st Executive Ministers of Turkey (Commitment Deputy Committee) in May 1920. The parliament was fundamental in the efforts of ''Mareşal (Turkey), Mareşal'' Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, 1st President of the Republic of Turkey, and his colleagues to found a new state out of the remnants of the Ottoman Empire. Composition There are 600 members of parliament (deputies) who are elected for a five-year term by the D'Hondt method, a party-list proportional representation system, f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Customs And Monopolies
Ministry of Customs and Monopolies ( tr, Gümrük ve Tekel Bakanlığı, prior to 1960: ''Gümrük ve İnhisarlar Vekaleti'') was a former government ministry of Turkey between 1931 and 1983. History The ministry was established during the formation of the 7th government of Turkey on 5 May 1931. The law of establishment was enacted on 29 December 1931. The ministry, as its name implies, had two main sections. The customs section was responsible for the customs control in the land border check points, ports and airports. The monopolies section was responsible in the state-controlled production of certain goods such as liquors, tobacco products, gunpowder, etc. Aftermath During the formation of the 45th government of Turkey on 13 December 1983, the monopoly section was abolished and the customs section was merged into the Ministry of Finance. On 5 October 1995 at the end of the 50th government of Turkey, the word "customs" was dropped from the name of the ministry. On 6 July 2011 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1939 Establishments In Turkey
This year also marks the start of the Second World War, the largest and deadliest conflict in human history. Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 ** Third Reich *** Jews are forbidden to work with Germans. *** The Youth Protection Act was passed on April 30, 1938 and the Working Hours Regulations came into effect. *** The Jews name change decree has gone into effect. ** The rest of the world *** In Spain, it becomes a duty of all young women under 25 to complete compulsory work service for one year. *** First edition of the Vienna New Year's Concert. *** The company of technology and manufacturing scientific instruments Hewlett-Packard, was founded in a garage in Palo Alto, California, by William (Bill) Hewlett and David Packard. This garage is now considered the birthplace of Silicon Valley. *** Sydney, in Australia, records temperature of 45 ˚C, the highest record for the city. *** Philipp Etter took over ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Political Organizations Based In Turkey
Politics (from , ) is the set of activities that are associated with making decisions in groups, or other forms of power relations among individuals, such as the distribution of resources or status. The branch of social science that studies politics and government is referred to as political science. It may be used positively in the context of a "political solution" which is compromising and nonviolent, or descriptively as "the art or science of government", but also often carries a negative connotation.. The concept has been defined in various ways, and different approaches have fundamentally differing views on whether it should be used extensively or limitedly, empirically or normatively, and on whether conflict or co-operation is more essential to it. A variety of methods are deployed in politics, which include promoting one's own political views among people, negotiation with other political subjects, making laws, and exercising internal and external force, includ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
One-party Period Of The Republic Of Turkey
The one-party period of the Republic of Turkey ( tr, Türkiye'de tek partili dönem) began with the formal establishment of the country in 1923. The Republican People's Party (CHP) was the only party between 1923 and 1945, when the National Development Party was established. After winning the first multiparty elections in 1946 by a landslide, the Republican People's Party lost the majority to the Democratic Party in the 1950 elections. During the one-party period, President Mustafa Kemal Atatürk repeatedly requested that opposition parties be established to stand against the Republican People's Party in order to transition into multi-party democracy. Kâzım Karabekir established the Progressive Republican Party in 1924 but it was banned after its members' involvement in the 1925 Sheikh Said rebellion. In 1930 the Liberal Republican Party was established but then dissolved again by its founder. Despite Atatürk's efforts to establish a self-propagating multi-party system, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Democrat Party (Turkey, 1946–61)
Democrat Party may refer to: *Democratic Party (United States) (founded 1828) ** Democrat Party (epithet), a pejorative term used by opponents of the Democratic Party * Democrat Party (Chile) (1887–1941) *Democrat Party (Persia) (1909–1919/21) * Democrat Party (Peru, Nicolini) (defunct) *Democrat Party (Thailand) (founded 1946) * Democrat Party (Turkey, 1946–61) * Democrat Party (Turkey, current) (founded 2007) * Democrat Party of Iran (1946–1948) See also * Democracy Party (other) * Democrat (other) *Democratic Party (other) Democratic Party most often refers to: *Democratic Party (United States) Democratic Party and similar terms may also refer to: Active parties Africa * Botswana Democratic Party *Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea * Gabonese Democratic Party * D ... * Demokrat Parti (other) {{Disambiguation, political fr:Parti démocrate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II was a total war that directly involved more than 100 million Military personnel, personnel from more than 30 countries. The major participants in the war threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. Air warfare of World War II, Aircraft played a major role in the conflict, enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and deploying the Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, only two nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II was by far the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflict in hu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
12th Government Of Turkey
The 12th government of Turkey (3 April 1939 – 9 July 1942) governed Turkey during the early years of the Second World War. It is also known as the ''second Saydam'' government. Background The government was formed after the general elections held on 26 March. The prime minister was Refik Saydam, secretary general of the Republican People's Party. He was also the prime minister of the previous caretaker government. The government In the list below, the cabinet members who served only a part of the cabinet's lifespan are shown in the column "Notes". Aftermath Refik Saydam died on 7 July 1942. He is the only prime minister in the history of Turkey who has died while serving as the prime minister. Ahmet Fikri Tüzer served as the acting prime minister for two days, and another cabinet was formed by Şükrü Saracoğlu Mehmet Şükrü Saracoğlu (; 17 June 1887, Ödemiş – 27 December 1953, Istanbul) was a Turkish politician, the fifth Prime Minister of Turkey and t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
7th Government Of Turkey
The 7th government of Turkey (5 May 1931 – 1 March 1935) was a government in the history of Turkey. It is also called the ''sixth İnönü government''. Background Following the elections held on 4 May 1931, the former cabinet led by İsmet İnönü Mustafa İsmet İnönü (; 24 September 1884 – 25 December 1973) was a Turkish army officer and statesman of Kurdish descent, who served as the second President of Turkey from 11 November 1938 to 22 May 1950, and its Prime Minister three ti ... of the Republican People's Party ended. İsmet İnönü founded the new cabinet. The government In the list below, the cabinet members who served only a part of the cabinet's lifespan are shown in the column "Notes". Aftermath The government ended after the elections held on 8 February 1935. References {{Cabinets of Turkey 07 Republican People's Party (Turkey) politicians 1931 establishments in Turkey 1935 disestablishments in Turkey Cabinets established in 1931 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ali Rana Tarhan
Ali Rana Tarhan (1883 – 25 March 1956) was a Turkish people, Turkish politician, and a member of the Republican People's Party. Biography He was born in İstanbul in 1883. After graduating from Galatasaray High School, he travelled to Belgium and Germany to study communication (then known as ''PTT-profession''). He joined the Republican People's Party (CHP) and, in 1927 Turkish general election, 1927 he was elected as an MP. In the 7th government of Turkey, 7th, 8th government of Turkey, 8th, 9th government of Turkey, 9th, 10th government of Turkey, 10th, 11th government of Turkey, 11th and 12th government of Turkey he was always the Minister of Customs and Trade between 1 March 1935– 26 May 1939. In 1939, he joined a group of MP s in the party to form a Independent Group (Turkey), semi independent political group in the party which would act as an opposition. He was the acting speaker of the group. Thus he left his seat in the cabinet. After his party lost the elections in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkish Republic
Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a small portion on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe. It shares borders with the Black Sea to the north; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Iran to the east; Iraq to the southeast; Syria and the Mediterranean Sea to the south; the Aegean Sea to the west; and Greece and Bulgaria to the northwest. Cyprus is located off the south coast. Turks form the vast majority of the nation's population and Kurds are the largest minority. Ankara is Turkey's capital, while Istanbul is its largest city and financial centre. One of the world's earliest permanently settled regions, present-day Turkey was home to important Neolithic sites like Göbekli Tepe, and was inhabited by ancient civilisations including the Hattians, Hittites, Anatolian peoples, Mycenaean Greeks, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
President Of Turkey
The president of Turkey, officially the president of the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Cumhurbaşkanı), is the head of state and head of government of Turkey. The president directs the executive branch of the national government and is the commander-in-chief of the Turkish military. The president also heads the National Security Council. The office of the president of Turkey was established with the proclamation of the Republic of Turkey on 29 October 1923, with the first president and founder being Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. The president of Turkey is referred to as ("Republic leader"), and previously archaically as or , also meaning "head of the republic/people". Insulting the Turkish president is prohibited by Article 299 of the Turkish Penal Code, including founder Atatürk which has its own separate law. Traditionally, the presidency was mostly a ceremonial position, with real executive authority being exercised by the prime minister of Turkey. Howeve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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