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Inaba Masanori
was a ''daimyō'' of Odawara Domain in Sagami Province (modern-day Kanagawa Prefecture) in early-Edo period Japan. His courtesy title was '' Mino no Kami''. Biography Inaba Masanori was the second son of the previous daimyō of Odawara, Inaba Masakatsu. As his mother died when he was still very young, he was raised by his grandmother, Kasuga no Tsubone, the wet nurse to ''shōgun'' Tokugawa Iemitsu. On the death of his father in 1634, he became head of the Inaba clan, and inherited his father's position as daimyō of Odawara. Due to the influence of his grandmother, he rose rapidly through the hierarchy of the Tokugawa shogunate and was appointed ''Rōjū The , usually translated as ''Elder (administrative title), Elder'', was one of the highest-ranking government posts under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan. The term refers either to individual Elders, or to the Council of Elders as a wh ...'' under Shogun Tokugawa Ietsuna on December 8, 1681. On May 27, 1683, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daimyō
were powerful Japanese magnates, feudal lords who, from the 10th century to the early Meiji era, Meiji period in the middle 19th century, ruled most of Japan from their vast hereditary land holdings. They were subordinate to the shogun and nominally to the Emperor of Japan, emperor and the ''kuge'' (an aristocratic class). In the term, means 'large', and stands for , meaning 'private land'. From the ''shugo'' of the Muromachi period through the Sengoku period to the daimyo of the Edo period, the rank had a long and varied history. The backgrounds of daimyo also varied considerably; while some daimyo clans, notably the Mōri clan, Mōri, Shimazu clan, Shimazu and Hosokawa clan, Hosokawa, were cadet branches of the Imperial family or were descended from the ''kuge'', other daimyo were promoted from the ranks of the samurai, notably during the Edo period. Daimyo often hired samurai to guard their land, and paid them in land or food, as relatively few could afford to pay them i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tokugawa Iemitsu
was the third ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa shogunate, Tokugawa dynasty. He was the eldest son of Tokugawa Hidetada with Oeyo, and the grandson of Tokugawa Ieyasu. Lady Kasuga was his wet nurse, who acted as his political adviser and was at the forefront of Tokugawa shogunate, shogunate negotiations with the Imperial Court in Kyoto, Imperial court. Iemitsu ruled from 1623 to 1651; during this period he crucified Christians, expelled all Europeans from Japan and closed the borders of the country, a foreign politics policy that continued for over 200 years after its institution. Early life (1604–1617) Tokugawa Iemitsu was born prematurely on 12 August 1604. He was the eldest son of Tokugawa Hidetada and grandson of the last great unifier of Japan, the first Tokugawa ''shōgun'' Tokugawa Ieyasu.Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Tokugawa, Iemitsu''" in ; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, ''see'Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File. He was t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1696 Deaths
Events January–March * January 21 – The Recoinage Act, passed by the Parliament of England to pull counterfeit silver coins out of circulation, becomes law.James E. Thorold Rogers, ''The First Nine Years of the Bank of England'' (Clarendon Press, 1887 p. 41 * January 27 – In England, the ship (formerly ''Sovereign of the Seas'') catches fire and burns at Chatham, after 57 years of service. * January 31 – In the Netherlands, undertakers revolt after funeral reforms in Amsterdam. * January – Colley Cibber's play '' Love's Last Shift'' is first performed in London. * February 8 (January 29 old style) – Peter the Great, who had jointly reigned since 1682 with his mentally ill older half-brother Tsar Ivan V, becomes the sole Tsar of Russia when Ivan dies at the age of 29. * February 15 – A plot to ambush and assassinate King William III of England in order to restore King James and the House of Stuart to the throne is foiled ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1623 Births
Events January–March * January 21 **Henry Cary, 1st Viscount Falkland, Viscount Falkland, England's Lord Deputy of Ireland, issues a proclamation ordering all Roman Catholic priests to leave Ireland, affecting negotiations over the "Spanish match" (which resume in March). **Voyage of the Pera and Arnhem to Australia in 1623, Voyage of the ''Pera'' and ''Arnhem'' to Australia: Captains Jan Carstenszoon of the ''Arnhem'' and Willem Joosten van Coolsteerdt of the ''Pera'' depart on an expedition for the Dutch East India Company from Ambon, Maluku (Amboyna) to explore the Australian coast. * January – Battle of Mbanda Kasi: Forces from the Kingdom of Kongo defeat the Portuguese Empire, Portuguese. *February 7 – France, Savoy and Venice sign the Treaty of Paris (1623), Treaty of Paris, agreeing to cooperate in removing Spanish forces from the strategic Alpine pass of Valtelline. * February 25 – Thirty Years' War: Duke Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arthur Lindsay Sadler
Arthur Lindsay Sadler (1882–1970) was Professor of Oriental Studies at the University of Sydney.Joyce AckroydSadler, Arthur Lindsay (1882–1970) ''Australian Dictionary of Biography'', adb.anu.edu.au. Retrieved 30 November 2020. Life and career Sadler was born in Hackney, London and educated at the University of Oxford (B.A., 1908; M.A., 1911). From 1909 he worked in Japan as a teacher and was an active member of the Asiatic Society of Japan. Sadler was the Professor of Oriental Studies at the University of Sydney from 1922 to 1948 (his predecessor being the foundation professor, James Murdoch)."Long Neglect of Study of Oriental Languages", ''The Sydney Morning Herald'', 28 March 1955, p. 2. He also taught at the Royal Military College of Australia. His publications included an English translation of '' Hōjōki'' and ''Heike Monogatari'' under the title of ''The Ten Foot Square Hut and Tales of the Heike'' (1928; 1972); ''The Art of Flower Arrangement in Japan'' (1933); ''Ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edmond Papinot
Jacques Edmond-Joseph Papinot (1860–1942) was a French Roman Catholic priest and missionary who was also known in Japan as . He was an architect, academic, historian, editor, Japanologist. Papinot is best known for creating an ''Historical and Geographical Dictionary of Japan'' which was first published in French in 1899. The work was published in English in 1906. Early life Papinot was born in 1860 in Châlons-sur-Saône in France.Pouillon, François. (2008)''Dictionnaire des orientalistes de langue française,'' p. 736 He was ordained as a Catholic priest in September 1886, and three months later, he was sent to Japan. Career Papinot first arrived in Japan in 1886. He taught at the Tokyo Theological Seminary for 15 years while working on his ''Dictionnaire japonais-français des noms principaux de l'histoire et de la géographie de Japon''.Rogala, Jozef. (2012)''A Collector's Guide to Books on Japan in English,'' p. 187 In 1911, he left Japan for China. He returned to Fra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inaba Masamichi
was a ''daimyō'' of Odawara Domain in Sagami Province (modern-day Kanagawa Prefecture) in early-Edo period Japan, until 1686 when he was transferred to Takada Domain in Echigo Province. Later he was transferred again, to Sakura Domain in Shimōsa Province.Meyer, Eva-Maria"Gouverneure von Kyôto in der Edo-Zeit". Universität Tübingen (in German). His courtesy title was '' Mino no Kami''. Biography Inaba Masamichi was the eldest son of the previous daimyō of Odawara, Inaba Masanori. Due to the influence of the '' Tairō'' Sakai Tadakiyo, he rose rapidly through the hierarchy of the Tokugawa shogunate. He was appointed concurrently as a ''Sōshaban'' (Master of Ceremonies) and ''Jisha-bugyō'' on April 9, 1681, and received another concurrent appointment as ''Kyoto Shoshidai'' on December 24 of the same year. On the retirement of his father in 1683, he became head of the Inaba clan, and inherited his father’s position as ''daimyō'' of Odawara (102,000 ''koku''). His c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tokugawa Ietsuna
was the fourth ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa dynasty of Japan who was in office from 1651 to 1680. He is considered the eldest son of Tokugawa Iemitsu, which makes him the grandson of Tokugawa Hidetada and the great-grandson of Tokugawa Ieyasu. Early life (1641–1651) Tokugawa Ietsuna was born in 1641, allegedly the eldest son of Tokugawa Iemitsu with his concubine, Oraku no Kata later Houjuin. Later Ietsuna was raised with his sister, Chiyohime (born by Ofuri) by Iemitsu's concubine, Oman no kata (later Eikoin) and Iemitsu's wife, Takatsukasa Takako later Honriin. After Eikoin retired, Senhime (also called Tenjuin) raised him with Honriin.Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Tokugawa, Ietsuna''" in ; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is a pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, ''see'Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File. At that time his father was shogun in his own right and had enacted several anti-Christian measures after the bloody Shimabara Rebellion of 1637. Though the sup ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rōjū
The , usually translated as ''Elder (administrative title), Elder'', was one of the highest-ranking government posts under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan. The term refers either to individual Elders, or to the Council of Elders as a whole; under the first two ''shōguns'', there were only two ''Rōjū''. The number was then increased to five, and later reduced to four. The ''Rōjū'' were usually appointed from the ranks of the ''fudai daimyōs'' with domains of between 25,000 and 50,000 ''koku''. Duties The ''Rōjū'' had a number of responsibilities, most clearly delineated in the 1634 ordinance that reorganized the government and created a number of new posts: :#Relations with the Emperor of Japan, Emperor, the Court, and the Prince-Abbots. :#Supervision of those ''daimyō'' who controlled lands worth at least 10,000 ''koku''. :#Managing the forms taken by official documents in official communications. :#Supervision of the internal affairs of the Shogun's domains. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tokugawa Shogunate
The Tokugawa shogunate, also known as the was the military government of Japan during the Edo period from 1603 to 1868. The Tokugawa shogunate was established by Tokugawa Ieyasu after victory at the Battle of Sekigahara, ending the civil wars of the Sengoku period following the collapse of the Ashikaga shogunate. Ieyasu became the ''shōgun,'' and the Tokugawa clan governed Japan from Edo Castle in the eastern city of Edo (Tokyo), Edo (Tokyo) along with the ''daimyō'' lords of the ''samurai'' class. The Tokugawa shogunate organized Japanese society under the strict Edo society, Tokugawa class system and banned most foreigners under the isolationist policies of ''Sakoku'' to promote political stability. The Tokugawa shoguns governed Japan in a feudal system, with each ''daimyō'' administering a ''Han system, han'' (feudal domain), although the country was still nominally organized as provinces of Japan, imperial provinces. Under the Tokugawa shogunate, Japan experienced rapid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inaba Clan
The were a ''samurai'' kin group which rose to prominence in the Sengoku period and the Edo periods.Meyer, Eva-Maria"Gouverneure von Kyôto in der Edo-Zeit". Universität Tübingen (in German) Under the Tokugawa shogunate, the Inaba, as hereditary vassals of the Tokugawa clan, were classified as one of the '' fudai'' ''daimyō'' clans.Appert, Georges. (1888) ''Ancien Japon,'' p. 75/ref> Inaba clan genealogy The Inaba clan originated in 16th century Mino Province,Appert, Georges. (1888) ''Ancien Japon'', p. 67./ref> and claimed descent from Kōno Michitaka (died 1374), Papinot, Edmond. (2003)''Nobiliare du Japon'' -- Inaba, p. 15 Papinot, Jacques Edmond Joseph. (1906). ''Dictionnaire d’histoire et de géographie du Japon.'' (in French/German). who claimed descent from Emperor Kanmu (736–805). Main branch The senior branch of the Inaba are descended from Inaba Sadamichi (1551–1606), who was raised in rank by Oda Nobunaga in 1564. He was established in 1585 at Hachiman Do ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shōgun
, officially , was the title of the military rulers of Japan during most of the period spanning from 1185 to 1868. Nominally appointed by the Emperor, shoguns were usually the de facto rulers of the country, except during parts of the Kamakura period and Sengoku period when the shoguns themselves were figureheads, with real power in the hands of the of the Hōjō clan and of the Hosokawa clan. In addition, Taira no Kiyomori and Toyotomi Hideyoshi were leaders of the warrior class who did not hold the position of shogun, the highest office of the warrior class, yet gained the positions of and , the highest offices of the aristocratic class. As such, they ran their governments as its de facto rulers. The office of shogun was in practice hereditary, although over the course of the history of Japan several different clans held the position. The title was originally held by military commanders during the Heian period in the eighth and ninth centuries. When Minamoto no Y ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
