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In-wheel Motor
A wheel hub motor, hub motor, or in-wheel motor is a motor that is incorporated into the hub of the wheel. Wheel-hub motors are commonly found on electric bicycles. Electric hub motors were well received in early electric cars, but have not been commercially successful in modern production cars because they negatively affect vehicle handling due to higher dynamic wheel load and their placement makes them prone to damage. Bicycles Patents for electric bicycles with hub motors were granted as early as 1895. Bicycle hub motors are simple, durable, and affordable compared to other designs, but less suitable for high speeds. Hub motors rose in popularity over other designs in the late 2000s and 2010s. Automotive History Several electric, combustion, and steam powered in-wheel motor designs were patented in the 1880s and 1890s. Among those who were awarded patents: Wellington Adams of St. Louis in 1884; Edward Parkhurst of Woburn in 1890; Albert Parcelle later in 1890; Charles T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inrunner
The term inrunner refers to an electric motor where the rotor (runner) is inside the stator. The term is in particular used for brushless motors to differentiate them from outrunners that have their rotor outside the stator. The vast majority of electric motors are inrunners. Usage in drones and model aircraft Compared to outrunner motors, inrunners tend to spin exceptionally fast, often as high as 11 000 r/min per volt, far too fast for most aircraft propellers. However, inrunners lack torque. As a result, most inrunners are used in conjunction with a gearbox in both surface and aircraft models to reduce speed and increase torque In many cases the inrunner is "ironless" in that there is no iron stator core to magnetize. The wire is run inside the can and held in place by epoxy or other resin material. Because there is no magnetic iron core, ironless in runners have no cogging, in that they spin freely with no magnetic interaction when power is disconnected. A wel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States Department Of Energy
The United States Department of Energy (DOE) is an executive department of the U.S. federal government that oversees U.S. national energy policy and energy production, the research and development of nuclear power, the military's nuclear weapons program, nuclear reactor production for the United States Navy, energy-related research, and energy conservation. The DOE was created in 1977 in the aftermath of the 1973 oil crisis. It sponsors more physical science research than any other U.S. federal agency, the majority of which is conducted through its system of National Laboratories. The DOE also directs research in genomics, with the Human Genome Project originating from a DOE initiative. The department is headed by the secretary of energy, who reports directly to the president of the United States and is a member of the Cabinet. The current secretary of energy is Chris Wright, who has served in the position since February 2025. The department's headquarters are in sou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
American Axle
American Axle & Manufacturing, Inc. (AAM), headquartered in Detroit, Michigan, is an American manufacturer of automobile driveline and drivetrain components and systems. History AAM was founded in 1994 when a private investor group, led by Richard E. "Dick" Dauch, James W. McLernon, Raymond Park and Morton E. Harris purchased the Final Drive and Forge Business Unit from GM's Saginaw Division. In 1999, AAM went public, and is traded as "AXL" on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). AAM has grown to supply various OEM manufacturers around the globe in the passenger car, light truck, and commercial vehicle segments. AAM's World Headquarters building, erected in 2004, is located on the Detroit/ Hamtramck border. 2008 strike The strike cost General Motors $2.6 billion as the automaker lost the production of its Chevrolet Malibu sedan and other vehicles. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geneva Motor Show 2011 - Mercedes SLS AMG E-Cell (5559795194)
Geneva ( , ; ) ; ; . is the second-most populous city in Switzerland and the most populous in French-speaking Romandy. Situated in the southwest of the country, where the Rhône exits Lake Geneva, it is the capital of the Republic and Canton of Geneva, and a centre for international diplomacy. Geneva hosts the highest number of international organizations in the world, and has been referred to as the world's most compact metropolis and the "Peace Capital". Geneva is a global city, an international financial centre, and a worldwide centre for diplomacy hosting the highest number of international organizations in the world, including the headquarters of many agencies of the United Nations and the ICRC and IFRC of the Red Cross. In the aftermath of World War I, it hosted the League of Nations. It was where the Geneva Conventions on humanitarian treatment in war were signed. It shares a unique distinction with municipalities such as New York City, Basel, and Strasbourg as a ci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Litz Wire
Litz wire is a particular type of multistrand wire or cable used in electronics to carry alternating current (AC) at radio frequency, radio frequencies. The wire is designed to reduce losses due to the skin effect and Proximity effect (electromagnetism), proximity effect at frequencies up to about . It consists of many thin wire strands, individually insulated and twisted or woven together, following one of several carefully prescribed patterns often involving several levels of bundle conductor, bundling (already-twisted wires are twisted together into small bundles, which are then twisted into larger bundles, etc.). The result of these winding patterns is to equalize the proportion of the overall length over which each strand is at the outside of the conductor. This has the effect of distributing the current equally among the wire strands, reducing the Electrical impedance, impedance. Litz wire is used in Q_factor, high-Q inductors for radio transmitters and radio receiver, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electric Motor
An electric motor is a machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. Most electric motors operate through the interaction between the motor's magnetic field and electric current in a electromagnetic coil, wire winding to generate Laplace force in the form of torque applied on the motor's shaft. An electric generator is mechanically identical to an electric motor, but operates in reverse, converting mechanical energy into electrical energy. Electric motors can be powered by direct current (DC) sources, such as from batteries or rectifiers, or by alternating current (AC) sources, such as a power grid, Inverter (electrical), inverters or electrical generators. Electric motors may also be classified by considerations such as power source type, construction, application and type of motion output. They can be brushed motor, brushed or brushless motor, brushless, single-phase electric power, single-phase, two-phase electric power, two-phase, or three-phase electric p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lotus Cars
Lotus Group (also known as Lotus Cars) is a British multinational automotive manufacturer of luxury sports cars and electric vehicles. Lotus Group is composed of three primary entities. Lotus Cars, a high-performance sports car company, is based in Hethel, Norfolk. Lotus Technology Inc. (), an all-electric lifestyle vehicle company, headquartered in Wuhan, China, and operates regional facilities in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and Germany. Additionally, Lotus Engineering, an engineering consultancy firm, is headquartered at the Lotus Advanced Technology Centre (LATC) located at the University of Warwick, University of Warwick's Wellesbourne Campus. Lotus was founded and owned for many years by Colin Chapman. After his death and a period of financial instability, it was bought by General Motors, then Romano Artioli and then DRB-HICOM through its subsidiary PROTON Holdings, Proton, which owned Lotus from 1996 to 2017. Lotus is currently majority-owned by Chinese multinat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protean Electric
Protean Electric is an automotive technology company specializing in in-wheel motor technology. The company has developed an in-wheel, electric drive vehicle, electric-drive system for hybrid vehicle, hybrid, plug-in hybrid, and battery electric vehicle, battery electric vehicles. Their technology creates a permanent magnet e-machine with relatively high torque and power density with the power electronics and controls packaged within the motor itself. Their in-wheel motor product is intended to be produced in low volume by Protean Electric and licensed in high volume to global automotive and Tier 1 automotive supply companies. Protean Electric is a privately held company with approximately 114 employees. Protean Electric has operations in the United States, United Kingdom, and China. Protean Electric was purchased by BEDEO from NEVS in 2021. Technology Protean Electric's in-wheel motor is intended to save space on board the vehicle by allowing the drive system to be mounted be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unsprung Weight
The unsprung mass (colloquially unsprung weight) of a vehicle is the mass of the suspension, wheels or tracks (as applicable), and other components directly connected to them. This contrasts with the sprung mass (or weight) supported by the suspension, which includes the body and other components within or attached to it. Components of the unsprung mass include the wheel axles, wheel bearings, wheel hubs, tires, and a portion of the weight of driveshafts, springs, shock absorbers, and suspension links. Brakes that are mounted inboard (i.e. as on the drive shaft, and not part of the wheel or its hub) are part of a vehicle's sprung mass. Effects The unsprung mass of a typical wheel/tire combination represents a trade-off between the pair's bump-absorbing/road-tracking ability and vibration isolation. Bumps and surface imperfections in the road cause tire compression, inducing a force on the unsprung mass. The unsprung mass then reacts to this force with movement of its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shock Absorber
A shock absorber or damper is a mechanical or hydraulics, hydraulic device designed to absorb and Damping ratio, damp shock (mechanics), shock impulses. It does this by converting the kinetic energy of the shock into another form of energy (typically thermal energy, heat) which is then dissipated. Most shock absorbers are a form of dashpot (a damper which resists motion via viscous friction). Description Pneumatic and hydraulic shock absorbers are used in conjunction with cushions and springs. An automobile shock absorber contains spring-loaded check valves and orifices to control the flow of oil through an internal piston (see below). One design consideration, when designing or choosing a shock absorber, is where that energy will go. In most shock absorbers, energy is converted to heat inside the viscous fluid. In hydraulic cylinders, the hydraulic fluid heats up, while in Pneumatic cylinder, air cylinders, the hot air is usually exhausted to the atmosphere. In other types of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Individual-wheel Drive
Individual-wheel drive (IWD) is an automobile design in which the vehicle has an all-wheel drive powertrain that consists of multiple independent traction motors each supplying torque to a single drive wheel. The term was coined to identify electric vehicles with a four-motor car layout, layout, where each wheel is driven by an individual electric motor, as opposed to the differential (mechanical device), differential drivetrain seen in conventional four wheel drive (4WD) internal combustion engine, ICE vehicles and the dual-motor, four-wheel-drive layout, dual-motor 4WD design seen in many plug-in electric vehicles. Characteristics These vehicles inherently have a range of characteristics built-in that can exceed the level of control commonly attributed to four-wheel drive vehicles or vehicles with extensive control systems. These characteristics may include: * Precise individual control of torque to each wheel * Electronic stability control, Anti-skid * If one motor fails, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
